Biology Test Review Sheet KEY - Introduction to the Cell
Cell 1
Figure 7-1
1. Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can
use?
Lysosome
2. If this organelle were to open up the cell would die because it
contains enzymes used to break things down.
______________________________________________
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Cell 2
Lysosome
3. Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and
controls the cell's activities?
Nucleus
4. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that
come from the nucleus?
Ribosomes
5. The structure labeled I in Figure 7-1 is a thin, flexible barrier
around a cell. It is called the
Cell Membrane
6. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
Supports the cell and helps transport material around the
cell
Figure 7-1
11. Which of the cells in figure 7-1 is eukaryotic?
Both 1 & 2
12. Which of the cells in Figure 7-1 is a plant cell?
Cell 2
13. Which cell in Figure 7-1 would most likely be part of a
squirrel's intestinal tract?
7. Which organelle would you expect to find just in plant cells?
Chloroplast or Cell Wall
8. Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell
uses for growth, development, and movement?
Mitochondria
Cell 1
14. Which of the cells in Figure 7-1 most likely has a large
vacuole?
Cell 2
9. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
Rigid and made of carbohydrates
10. Prokaryotes lack
A nucleus and most organelles
15. What types of organisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria
22. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
__HIGH___concentration to ____LOW__ concentration
23. If a cell was placed into a 7% NaCl solution and and it
shriveled up. What could have been the concentration of
salt inside the cell. (remember SALT SUCKS)
Less than 7%
Figure 7-3
16. Organelle A in Figure 7-3 is covered with ribosomes and
helps transport proteins around the cell. It is called the
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
24. Which of the following is a function of the cell
membrane?
To protect the cell and aid in in maintaining
homeostasis by allowing material into and out of the
cell
25. The monomer of carbohydrates are
Simple Sugars/ Monosaccaharides
27. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane is called
Osmosis
28. When enzymes get to hot or cold they lose their shape,
this is called.
Denaturing
Homer notices that his shower is
covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him
that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer
decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with
coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with
water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the
appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.
17. What is the independent variable in Homer's experiment?
The type of treatment
29. Which means of particle transport requires input of
energy from the cell?
Active transport
30. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will
burst because the osmotic pressure causes
Water to diffuse into the cell
18. What is the dependent variable for the Homer experiment
How clean the tub is
19. True or false? Polymers are used to build monomers
False. Monomers are used to build polymers
20. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Figure 7-2
31. Which organelle in Figure 7-2 is much larger in plant
cells because they need to store more water than most
animal cells?
Vacuole
Chloroplast and mitochondria
32. Organelle E in figure 7-2 converts the sun's energy into
energy for the cell in the form of glucose.
Chloroplast
21. 46.31km = __46310_____m?
Which of the following contains a nucleus?
a. prokaryotes
b. bacteria
c. eukaryotes
d. organelles
34. Looking at Figure 7-4, what type of solution is the cell in?
Hypotonic
35. Looking at figure 7-4, what will eventually happen to the
cell?
It will burst
36. The main function of the cell wall is to
Provide support and protection to the plant cell
37. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move
materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and
pumps made of?
Proteins
38. A substance with a pH of 6 is called
an acid
39. When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
Solvent
40. What structures allows the cell to maintain homeostasis by separating it from its environment?
Cell Membrane
41. How were the "smelly balloons" that we used in class a good example of a membrane being selectively permeable?
The balloons allowed the smells out, but not the liquid extract, like a cell membrane allows some material in and out of the cell.
42. Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes. Give an example of each type of cell.
Prokaryotes are cells with no nucleus and very few organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes are cells with a nucleus and many organelles. Any multicellular organism (like plants, animals, fungus and
protists) are eukaryotes
43.Compare/Contrast active transport with passive transport
Active transport and passive transport both move material in and out of the cell through the cell membrane.
Active transport moves material from LOW CONCENTRATION to HIGH CONCENTRATION and REQUIRES ENERGY,
while passive transport moves material from HIGH CONCENTRATION to LOW CONCENTRATION and DOES NOT
REQUIRE ENERGY