Biology Midterm Review
Name:_______________________________ Date:____________
Period:_______
Characteristics of A Living Thing, Microscopes and Water
1. Define the term biology.
Study of all living things
2. List the 8 characteristics of a living thing.
Reproduce, respond, grow and develop, made up of cells, changes
over time, use energy, has DNA, maintains a stable internal
environment
3. Define the term homeostasis.
Maintaining an internal balance
4. What is an acid? What is a base?
An acid is from 0-6 on a pH scale with the numbers closest to 0
the most acidic.
7 is neutral
8-14 is basic with 14 being the most basic.
5. Draw and describe the water molecule.
Water is made up of ONE OXYGEN molecule with a slightly
NEGATIVE charge and TWO HYDROGEN molecules with a
slightly positive charge
6. List and explain three properties of water.
Because water is polar it is cohesive (water sticks to other water
molecules) and it is adhesive (water sticks to other molecules like
glass)
7. Use the diagram of the microscope to fill in the table below:
Part
1
Body tube
2
Revolving
nosepiece
3
4x
4
10x
5
40x
6
Stage clip
7
Diaphragm
Function
Moves eyepiece
Switches objs.
Scanning
Low obj
High obj
Holds slide place
Controls amt of
light
Part
8
Light
9
Eyepiece
Function
Shines light
10
Arm
11
Stage
12
Course knob
13
Fine knob
14
base
Hold
Ocular lens 10x
Place slide
Moves stage in
low power
Focus at high
power
Hold the
bottom
Biochemistry
8. Why is carbon important? Carbon is the backbone of all living
organisms
9. What are monomers? What are polymers?
Monomer is just one subunit. Monomers combine to form
polymers.
10.
Compare dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Dehydration synthesis – water is removed and monomers combine
to form polymers
Hydrolysis – water is added and polymers are broken down into
monomers
11. Fill in the following chart based on the major macromolecules:
Macromolecule Major
Monomers
elements
CHO
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Carbs
Fructose
CHO
Glycerol
Fatty acids
CHO
NPS
Amino Acid
Lipids
Proteins
CHONPS Nucleotide
Nucleic Acids
Polymers
Functions
Polysaccharides 1st broken
Starch
down for
glycogen
energy
Cellulose
Quick
Energy
Fats oils waxes Insulations
Cholesterol
protection
nerve
impulses
Protein
Antibodies
Enzymes
MUSCLES
DNA
RNA
Genetic info
12.
Which macromolecule has 4 levels of structure? Protein
13.
Draw glucose.
14.
What is the ratio of C, H and O found in monosaccharides?
1C :2H: 1O
15.
What is a saturated fatty acid? No carbon to carbon double
bonds
16.
What is a positive control?
Gives you something to compare a positive result to. Lets you know
what the results should look like.
17.
Explain how the following reagents work: Benedict’s, Lugol’s
iodine and Biuret.
Academic class - There will be a section on your test already
giving you this information.
CP class you have to look it up.
18.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy and allow a
reaction to happen faster
19.
List the major characteristics of enzymes.
Very specific
Temperature specific
pH specific
Cells
20.
What did Robbie Hooke do?
He was the first one to see and name cells
21.
What three scientists were key to the formation of the cell
theory?
Virchow, Schleiden and Schwaan
22.
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a
eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells have organelles and a nucleus
23.
Cell Part
Nucleus
Fill in the table below:
Function
Control center of
the cell
Contains the
nucleolus,
chromosomes
Cell Part
Smooth ER
Function
Makes lipids
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Rough ER
Nuclear
membrane
Controls what goes in Ribosomes
and out of the
nucleus
Chromosomes
Our genetic
information
Golgi
Has ribosomes
attached to it
Helps to make
proteins
Sorts and tags
proteins
Cell membrane Controls what goes in Mitochondria Helps with cellular
and out of the cell
respiration
Breaks down food to
make energy
Cell wall
ONLY IN PLANT
Chloroplasts ONLY IN PLANTS
CELLS
Helps with
Supports the cell
photosynthesis
Vacuole
Stores water
Centrioles
Helps with cell
division
Lysosomes
Has enzymes to help Peroxisomes Has enzymes that
break down food
breaks down
hydrogen peroxide
24.
Draw a cell that contains all of the cell parts mentioned in
the table above. Circle the two parts that are only found in plant
cells.
Cellular Transport
25. The channels and pumps found in the cell membrane are which
type of macromolecule? proteins
26. What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active needs energy
Passive does not need energy
27. Define diffusion.
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low
concentration
28. Define osmosis.
Movement of water form high to low concentration
29. What are carrier proteins used for?
Changes shape to allow molecules to move in and out of the cell
30. What is facilitated diffusion?
Uses transport proteins for molecules to cross
31. What is endocytosis?
The membrane surrounds, engulfs and takes in materials from its
surroundings
32. In the space below draw a cell in (1) a hypertonic solution, (2)
hypotonic solution and (3) isotonic solution.
10 % Salt
90% Salt
90 % Salt
10 % Salt
80 % Salt
10% Salt
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC
HYPERTONIC
Cellular Respiration
33. Define cellular respiration.
Process by which food is broken down to provide energy
34. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose)  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
35. List the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration and
where each occurs at.
Glycolysis  Krebs  Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm
Krebs and ETC happens in the mitochondria
36. What is the starting molecule for glycolysis? glucose
37. Each step of glycolysis requires an
___ENZYMES_____________.
38. What are the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules
39. What are the two electron acceptors used in CR? NADH and
FADH2
40. What role do electron carriers play in CR?
Carry electrons to the electron transport chain
41. What role does hydrogen play in the ETC?
Hydrogen helps with the making of ATP
42. When does fermentation occur?
Fermentation occurs after glycolysis when there is NO OXYGEN
present
43. How is energy released from ATP?
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed
Photosynthesis
44. Define photosynthesis.
Process where plants make their own food.
45. Give the equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  6O2 + C6H12O6
46. What is the difference between an autotroph and a
heterotroph?
Autotroph – can make its own food
Heterotroph – cannot make its own food. Depends on the
autotroph for food and also OXYGEN
47. What are the two major processes of photosynthesis and where
does each occur at?
Light dependent – happens in the thylakoid
Light independent (dark) – happens in the stroma
48. What is the electron carrier in photosynthesis?
NADPH
49. What role do pigments play in photosynthesis?
Help to absorb sunlight
50. What gets made during the light reaction?
ATP and NADPH and oxygen
51. What happens to these products?
ATP and NADPH get used in the light independent or dark stage
to make glucose
Oxygen is released into the air
52. What gets made in the dark reactions?
Glucose or sugars
53. What happens to this product?
The glucose gets used in cellular respiration
Mitosis
54. Define mitosis.
The process a cell goes through when it divides into two daughter
cells
55. Explain what happen in each of the following stages of the cell
cycle:
 Interphase – cell grows and the DNA is copied
 Prophase – the nucleolus and nuclear membrane break
down
 Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the center plate
 Anaphase – sister chromatids separate and move to
opposite poles
 Telophase – this si the reverse of prophase, the nucleolus
and the membrane reappear
 Cytokinesis – have separation of the cytoplasm and two
daughter cells.