Ashok Basnet
062/DCT/407
Bishnu Parajulli
062/DCT/410
Ishwor Pd.Rijal
062/DCT/416
Kabindra Kaji Bajrachraya 062/DCT/419
Kiran Karki
062/DCT/420
Krishna Bdr Shrestha
062/DCT/421
Mohan Pandey
062/DCT/422
Ramhari Regmi
062/DCT/430
Raju Pandey
&
Pravin shakya
Introduction
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
To be familiar with image processing technique for detection of
Number plate area.
To be familiar with OCR.
To be familiar with MATLAB software.
To interface hardware using parallel port of the computer.
To develop a line tracking robot which can move in a guided track and
detect the closed door.
To be familiar with Microcontroller and related components for building
automatic robot.
To know assembly level programming language and implement it in
ALR.
To develop a security system.
(SIMPLY INTRODUCTION)
1.MAT LAB
2. OCR (Optical Capturing Recognizer)
3. PARALLEL PORT
4. ALGORITHM:
Convert Image into Binary
Detecting Number Plate Area
5. REQUIREMENT:
Software
Hardware
6. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM:
ALR (Automatic Line –Tracking Robert)
Image Processing
Parallel Port
Data Control
7. DESIGN:
DFD (Data Flow Diagram)(0,1)
ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
8. AUTOMATIC LINE-TRACKING ROBORT
9. SYSTEM
10. ESTIMATED COST
11. DISCUSSION SND CONCLUSION
Introduction

Massive integration of information technologies into all aspects of modern life caused demand
for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems. Because a
standalone information system without any data has no sense, there was also a need to
transform information about vehicles between the reality and information systems. This can be
achieved by a human agent, or by special intelligent equipment which is be able to recognize
vehicles by their number plates in a real environment and reflect it into conceptual resources.
Because of this, various recognition techniques have been developed and number plate
recognition systems are today used in various traffic and security applications, such as
parking, access and border control, or tracking of stolen cars.

In entrance gate, number plates are used to identify the vehicles. When a vehicle enters an
input gate, number plate is automatically recognized and stored in database and black-listed
number is not given permission. When a vehicle later exits the place through the gate, number
plate is recognized again and paired with the first-one stored in the database and it is taken a
count. Automatic number plate recognition systems can be used in access control. For
example, this technology is used in many companies to grant access only to vehicles of
authorized personnel.
In some countries, ANPR systems installed on country borders automatically detect and
monitor border crossings. Each vehicle can be registered in a central database and compared
to a black list of stolen vehicles. In traffic control, vehicles can be directed to different lanes for
a better congestion control in busy urban communications during the rush hours.
Automatic Line Tracking Robot (ALR) is used in this project as a vehicle which contains
circuitry for moving in a guided track. It will have mechanism to detect the opened and closed
door. It also will have capacity to park in the given parking area.


Requirements
Software requirement
MATLAB R2008a
Windows xp
Webcam Driver
Hardware requirement
PC
Automatic line tracking
robot
Webcam
System Block
Diagram
System
System Block Diagram
Image Processing
ALR
[as vehicle]
Web camera
Capturing
Conditioning
Detection
Segmentation
Identification
Door Control
Parallel Port
Save
Template
Design
Design
1.DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Level O DFD (context diagram)
Level 1 DFD
2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
Level 0 DFD
Level 0 DFD
vehicle
Vehicle no. &
other info
Either permission for
entrance or rejection
order
no
of
is
at
st
st
a
at
s
tic
Li
D
.s
Automatic
No.plate
recognition
system
Computer
Database
Level 1 DFD
Level 1 DFD
2.0
Information related
with vehicle
Collection of
info about
vehicle
vehicle
Permission to enter or leave
Vehicle registration
request
1.0
Enrolment of
Vehicle
Arrival information
Vehicle information
Arrival
information
file
5.0
Vehicle records
Vehicle records
Computer
List of
vehicle
3.0
Produces either
restriction or allow to
enter
Vehicle
Record
file
Open door
either to enter
or exit
Vehicle records
Vehicle records
4.0
Produce summary
report
Summary
report
Database
Entity Relationship Diagram
Resolution
Vehicle_brand Owner_address
Vehicle_no.
Brand
Camera_no
Vehicle_color
vehicle
size
Camera
Extracts_info
Monitors
Serves_info
Door controller
Computer
Serves instruction
computer_name
Controller_no
capacity
size
capacity
IP address
memory
Processor
speed
storage
Image Processing
and Matlab
Matlab







Matlab is an abbreviation of Matrix Laboratory.
It is a popular Mathematical Programming Environment
used extensively in Education as well as in Industry.
The trick behind Matlab is that everything is represented
in the form of arrays or matrices.
Mathematical Operations starting from simple algebra to
complex calculus may be conveniently carried out using
this environment.
The main use of Matlab in Software Development is
Algorithm Design and Development.
Code developed in Matlab can be converted into C, C++
or Visual C++.
Additionally Matlab may be called as ActiveX Object from
still higher level languages like Visual Basic, etc.
Image Processing



Image Processing generally involves extraction
of useful information from an image.
This useful information may be the dimensions
of an engineering component, size of diagnosed
tumor, or even a 3D view of an unborn baby.
The main areas of application of Image
Processing are Bio-Medical, Engineering,
Quality Control, Face Detection , Traffic Control
etc.
Image Processing (contd.)
Source Image
Target Image
Formatting
Conditioning
Observed Image
Labeling
Conditioned Image
Grouping
Labeled Image
Extracting
Grouped Image
Matching
Extracted Image
Templates
Image Processing in Matlab






Images can be conveniently represented as matrices in Matlab.
One can open an image as a matrix using imread command.
The matrix may simply be m x n form or it may be 3 dimensional
array or it may be an indexed matrix, depending upon image type.
The image processing may be done simply by matrix calculation or
matrix manipulation.
Image may be displayed with imshow command.
Changes image may then be saved with imwrite command.
Algorithms
System Algorithm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Input image from webcam.
Convert image into binary.
Detect number plate area.
Segmentation.
Number identification.
Save to file in given format
Algo: Input Image
1. Capture image from webcam.
2. Store the captured image into a image file for further processing.
Algo: Convert Image into Binary
1.Identify the intensity of the image.
If image intensity = high
Reduce intensity
Else if intensity = low
Increase intensity
Else
No change.
2.Convert image into grayscale.
3.Calculate appropriate threshold value for the image.
4.Convert the image into binary image using the calculated threshold.
Algo: Detecting Number plate area
1.Fill small holes including numbers of Number plate so that number plate area
will be large to isolate from figure.
2.Determine width and height of the image.
3.Scan each pixel of line counting number of white pixels in the following
system,
If number of ‘white’ pixels < x; pixels become ‘black’
Else; no change
If number of ‘white’ pixels > y; pixels become ‘black’
Else; no change
The value of x and y may be changed according the image intensity and plate
area.
4. Use the step no. 3 for both horizontal and vertical direction.
5.Check number of possible areas.
6. Logically AND with binary image obtained at “Convert image into binary
algorithm.
7.Crop the required area.
Algo: Segmentation
1. Filter the noise level present in the image.
2. Clip the plate area in such a way that only numbers of plate area
extracted.
3. Separate each character from the plate.
Algo: Number Identification
1.
2.
3.
4.
Create the template file from the stored template images.
Resize image obtained from segmentation to the size of template.
Compare each character with the templates.
Store the best matched character.
Algo: Save to file in given format
1. Open a text file in write mode.
2. Store the character obtained from the number identification process to text
file in given format.
3. Close the file.
Parallel Port
Interfacing
Parallel Port


Parallel communication requires
as much wires as the no. of bits
in a word for its transmission.
Parallel port is generally a 25 pin
female connector with which a
printer is usually attached.
Pin Configuration of Parallel Port
Pin Assignment
Pin No
Signal name
Direction
Register - bit
Inverte
d
1
nStrobe
Out
Control-0
Yes
2
Data0
In/Out
Data-0
No
3
Data1
In/Out
Data-1
No
4
Data2
In/Out
Data-2
No
5
Data3
In/Out
Data-3
No
6
Data4
In/Out
Data-4
No
7
Data5
In/Out
Data-5
No
8
Data6
In/Out
Data-6
No
9
Data7
In/Out
Data-7
No
10
nAck
In
Status-6
No
11
Busy
In
Status-7
Yes
12
Paper-Out
In
Status-5
No
13
Select
In
Status-4
No
14
Linefeed
Out
Control-1
Yes
15
nError
In
Status-3
No
16
nInitialize
Out
Control-2
No
17
nSelect-Printer
Out
Control-3
Yes
18-25
Ground
-
-
-
Interfacing System using Parallel Port
Computer
Instruction
For
Door
Control
Computer
Parallel
Port
Inverting
Buffer
(CD4049)
Door
Mechanism
Darlington
Pair IC
(ULN2003)
H- bridge
DPDT
Relay
Automatic Line
Tracking
Robot(ALR)
Line Tracking Robot
Input
from
Sensor
Motors
AT89s52
Microcontroller
Comparator
(LM324)
Relay
Inverting
Buffer IC
(CD4049)
Darlington
Pair IC
(ULN2003)
Limitations
Limitations




Recognizes only specified font (Times New Roman) number plate only.
Can’t clearly recognize or distinguish character like B and 8, 2 and Z , 0
and O etc.
The distance of image captured is also limited.
Lighting Conditions greatly effect the image processing.
Cost Estimation







Effort Cost= Rs.150000
Software requirements=Rs.2500
Hardware Requirements=Rs.6000
Internet Surfing= Rs.2000
Reference materials bought=Rs.5000
Transportation Cost=Rs.1000
Communication Cost=Rs.1000
Total cost = Rs. 1,67,500/-
Conclusion
and
Discussion
To our project Supervisor Mr. Raju Pandey
& Mr.Pravin Shakya
 The Department of Computer and
Electronics
 All the Supporting Teachers in our Project
