Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 1
USE OF MAP VIEWER IN CSPRO ON POPHOUS DATA
Pophous National Statistical Office
Capital, Pophous
INTRODUCTION
Map Viewer allows users to generate thematic maps and view them spatially. The maps
can then be printed, saved, or copied for use in other applications. Map Viewer also
makes a useful dissemination tool, allowing collection as many variables as wanted and
package them in a single map data file. Users can then select variables to display or can
compare two variables with calculations, including percent change, ratio, percent, and
difference. Specialists can also customize their maps by controlling the number of
intervals, the interval boundary values, colors chosen, and the corresponding text.
Map viewer for making maps from complied data in tabular form is one of the
applications available in CSPro 4.0. The application provides simple maps derived from
CSPro tables developed in the Tabulation Applications. The tabulations require a
geographic hierarchy provided from an Area Names File. The Area Names File includes
the Major and Minor Civil Divisions, and other, lower level geography.
Pophous National Statistical Office
Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 2
CREATING A MAP
In order to create maps, the user must first make the appropriate tables. A new table is
obtained by selecting the Microsoft symbol for a new file, and then selecting “Tabulation
Application” – the key pad – from the choices shown. Keying applications (the TV
screen) and edit applications (the pencil) can also be made. But, for mapping, the
tabulation application is needed.
Figure 1. Creating a Tabulation Application
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When the new tabulation file is selected, the user must name it. Obviously, users should
determine naming conventions which aid in organizing the sets of tables for current and
future use. The screen is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Determining a name for the application
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After the table is defined, CSPro will ask for the name of the dictionary to be used to
generate the table. Often, the name of the dictionary is the same as the table set, and so
the user can go right on. But, if the dictionary name differs from the name for the set of
tables, then the dictionary must be selected. As shown in Figure 3, external dictionaries
can also be called, which would be the case for look up files for industry or occupation or
place for births or previous residences. The Area Names File is a kind of look up file but
it is called separately as noted below.
Figure 3. Selecting a Dictionary for the Application
Pophous National Statistical Office
Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 5
Making a table for a Map viewer application is the same as making a regular table, except
that the geographic levels are not hard coded. Instead, the geography comes from another
file, called the Area Names file. But, as shown in Figure 4, the initial table is the same –
in this case we are going to get a table that crossed the Major and Minor Civil Divisions
by sex.
Figure 4. Making a table for the Map viewer application
Pophous National Statistical Office
Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 6
Then, in order to obtain the geographic levels for the table, the user clicks on the image
with the three boxes:
This figure allows selection of the geography to be shown in the table. Figure 5 shows
selection of the Major and the Minor Civil Divisions for Pophous (in this case, Province
and District). Note that even when both are chose, an option exists allowing for only the
Major Civil Division to be shown.
Figure 5. Selecting the Geographic hierarchy
Pophous National Statistical Office
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After the levels of geography are shown, the user must declare where the area names are
located – that is, the name of the area names file. So, the table requires the name of data
set, the name of the table to be produced, and the area names file, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Adding the Area Names file
Pophous National Statistical Office
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As noted above, maps can only be made in conjunction with an Area Names File. The
Area Names File provides the geographic information needed for tables presented in the
geographic hierarchy, whether or not a map is made subsequently. An example of what
the Area Names file looks like appears in Figure 7 below. Note that CSPro provides
assistance in its help menus to develop the Area Names file. The file must be an ASCII
text file and must have the geography presented in hierarchical form only – messages are
printed when geography is out of order. Also, if codes are present, but names do not
accompany the codes, the numbers will be printed in the absence of the names.
Figure 7. Piece of Area Names File
[Area Names]
Version=CSPro 4.0
[Levels]
Name=Province
Name=District
[Areas]
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pophous
Artesia
Dongo
Idfu
Jummu
Kars
Kuma
Pophous National Statistical Office
Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 9
The Map viewer file appears as a parallel file to the Area Names File, as shown below in
Figure 8. CSPro develops the Map viewer file as maps are created, and subsequent data
for the maps appear in the series of columns. In the following example, 5 separate maps
are available: for the total population, for males, for females, for persons living in urban
areas, and for persons living in rural areas.
When CSPro makes the table, say by sex, as in the illustration, each column is generated
as the map is made. So, males and females must each be generated. In the introductory
information, at the top of the page, the number of variables is increased as tables and
maps are made – in this case the number of variables is 5 because 5 different variables
are present.
Additional columns can be developed outside of the current data set, say numbers of
males and females in each geographic area from the previous census (the 2000 Pophous
Population and Housing census). Normally the DATA part of the table below would be
brought into Excel, and then the earlier data, and the table written out as a text or prn file,
and then brought back into the MAP file. Once there, the data can be presented in the
2010 Pophous maps, or as percentage change or the male/female ratios can be determined
for each census year and presented in a series of maps. It is important to remember that
the number of variables in the initial settings must also change.
Figure 8. Sample of Map viewer file
[MapDataFile]
Version=CSPro 4.0
MapFile=Pophous Census 2010
AreaLevels=2
Variables=5
Thousands=Comma
Decimal=Dot
NoValue=NA
MapLabel=Pophous
[Data]
Prov
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dist
X
X
1
2
3
4
5
AreaName TotPop
Pophous 24271
Artesia 1500
Dongo
135
Idfu
183
Jummu
123
Kars
28
Kuma
100
Males
11787
758
65
92
59
12
54
Females
12484
742
70
91
64
16
46
Urban
16741
1093
120
120
97
23
72
Rural
12402
701
44
98
49
9
48
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Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 10
In order to make a map, the points and polygons must come from some source. Usually,
these elements come from an ArcView application. As countries prepare for their
censuses, they do complete mapping, and this mapping includes the data points needed to
geographically define the Enumeration Areas, and each higher level geography, or to and
including the Minor Civil Divisions, the Major Civil Divisions, and the total country.
These maps currently use Global Positioning Systems Devises (GPS) to obtain the points
and the polygons. The Geographic branches or agencies in the National Statistical
Offices develop and maintain the country’s current geographic layout. An example of a
shape map file is shown below. Note that the latitude and longitude are shown for the
various points – Arcview or CSPro makes the polygons from these.
CSPro takes this information and uses a Tool to convert the Arcview Shapes to a map;
CSPro needs the .shp and the .shx files as well as text file with the information shown in
Figure 8 above.
Figure 9. Sample of MAP file with Polygons
[Map]
Version=CSPro 4.0
MapName=Pophous
LongLat=No
[AreaLevels]
Name=Province
Name=District
[GeoGroup]
Name=Artesia
AreaStructure=1
[Polygon]
166.5177 13.3981
166.3438 13.2778
166.2177 13.1700
165.8172 12.8498
165.5692 13.1337
165.4958 13.1226
165.4125 13.0814
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After a table is made, as in Figure 10, if the Area Structure has been selected and
included, a globe will appear in the CSPro tool bar. The global will not appear if a map
cannot be made – a map cannot be made if the geographic levels were not selected and if
the area names file were not present. Note that a single cell must be selected to make a
map. In Figure 10, the cell is the total population, so the map will show the total
population for each of the districts (minor civil divisions) on the map.
Figure 10. Sample of Table for Sex for Geographic Levels
Pophous National Statistical Office
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After selecting the map icon, and clicking on it, the user must select the specific map to
be displayed. Different maps can be selected for different purposes and different levels
of geography. For example, if a country has 5 hierarchal levels but the last level, say
villages, has too many cases, then the country may decide to show this level only for each
Major Civil Division separately, and will make the Area Names File and the other files
accordingly. Then, a map for each Major Civil Division would be the base.
After the map is selected, clicking on it, will produce the map as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 11. Selection of Map file for display
Pophous National Statistical Office
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Figure 12 shows a map of Pophous, showing the population size for the Major Civil
Divisions. If this document is printed in color or is being read online, the map will be in
brilliant red, green, and blue – otherwise, the reader will see shades of gray. CSPro
provides a default of three categories, and this display of colors. This map can be printed
as it is or can be brought into Word or another package, as is done here.
Figure 12. Example of Pophous Map
Pophous National Statistical Office
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The tool bar in Map viewer provides a variety of options to enhance the quality of the
map, as needed. One of these options is Format, and clicking will provide two options –
changing the title or changing the legend. As seen in Figure 13, the legend provides
various possibilities. The functions include changing the number of categories, the
colors, the text size and font, and so forth. Since many documents that are to include
maps only print in black and white, the application below changes the color scheme to
shaped of gray.
Figure 13. Use of Format Legend
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The following figure shows a display in shades of gray of the same information as in the
colored map. Note that we are using only 3 categories of information, and showing the
Major Civil Divisions only.
Figure 14. Display of Map in Shades of Gray for Black and White Printing
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Figure 15 shows use of the Format to edit the title of the map. Figure 14 shows the
default – in this case “Total” and the country “Pophous”. Changing the title can provide
more detail for the map.
Figure 15. Use of Format Legend to Edit Title
Pophous National Statistical Office
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In the upper left corner, below the toolbar for CSPro, the levels defined in the Area
Names File and selected for display can be changed. The previous maps have been for
Major Civil Division only – Province in the case of Pophous. But, the Minor Civil
Divisions can also be displayed since we tallied those as well during the table formation.
If we click on the right corner of the box for geographic level of display, we obtain a map
of all the minor civil divisions – in this case the Districts in Pophous.
Figure 16. Display of Minor Civil Divisions
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So far we have shown only total population. We can also show particular characteristics
as well. In order to show a particularly characteristic, it has to be clicked within the table.
The figure below indicates that we will be making a map for males in the major and
minor civil divisions.
Figure 17. Selection of Individual Attribute for display
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When the user makes separate tables for males and females, a sex ratio can be obtained.
As shown in Figure 18, each sex is run separately, and then the two items – males and
females – are laid out as numerator (in the first position) and denominator (in the second
position). The third box provides a variety of mathematical functions – percent of total,
percent change, ratio, etc. For the purposes here, the sex ratio was obtained and
displayed for the minor civil divisions. Also, the number of categories was increased
from 3 to 5 in the legend.
Figure 18. Display of Ratio – Male/Female Sex Ratio
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Finally, another option for the legend is to show the categories by even distributions of
events, even intervals, or to customize the categories. Customizing the categories gives
more user interface, but could require several tests to obtain a “best fit.” Figure 19 shows
a customized display.
Figure 19. Use of Customizing in table display
Pophous National Statistical Office
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The figures above show development of a ratio. If a user wants the percentage of
children less than 5 years old, for example, to predict needs for new schools and new
school rooms in the immediate future, the numerators and denominators need to be
obtained. The total population was already run for some of the figures above. In order to
get the percentage less than 5 years old, a table of 5-year ages is run for the major and
minor civil divisions. Then, any cell for children less than 5 is selected, as shown in the
figure.
Figure 20. Display of selected variable – Persons Younger than 5 years
Pophous National Statistical Office
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Figure 21 shows the percentage of persons less than 5 years of age for the Major Civil
Divisions. The range is from about 15 percent of the total population to about 20 percent.
Note that the numerator is those 0 to 4 years old, the denominator is the total population,
and the percentage of the total appears in the last box.
Figure 21. Map of Potential School Enterers
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
CSPro Map Viewer provides a simple, but powerful tool, to display a map based on
tabulated census or survey data. The main function of Map Viewer is to allow users to
generate thematic maps. The maps can then be printed, saved, or copied for use in other
applications. Another paper in this series presents maps as part of a complete Table
Retrieval System. The maps can accompany the tables used to make them, or can be
stand alone products.
So, Map Viewer also makes a useful dissemination tool, allowing collection as many
variables as wanted and packaged in a single map data file. Besides single items, users
can then select variables to display or can compare two variables with calculations,
including percent change, ratio, percent, and difference.
Pophous National Statistical Office
Use of CSPro Map Viewer for Pophous, Page 23
It is important to note what Map Viewer cannot do. The package does not allow for
placing of names or figures next to the geographic areas shown on the map. Nor can the
package show two or more items at once – like pie charts or lines or columns or rows
showing the data. However, because CSPro is compatible with Arcview, information can
move both ways – ArcView can provide the shape files, and then CSPro can make the
runs, then finally the compiled data generated in CSPro from the census or survey can go
back into ArcView for more sophisticated display. So, for example, a country Statistical
Atlas can be developed rapidly by using the two packages together.
Maps provide spatial views of complied data in a way that tables and charts alone cannot.
Map viewer provides a method of running tables at any point in the processing. The
maps of these tables can help assess whether the edits look appropriate during the edit.
Students can use the mapping function for reports. And researchers can use them to
better elucidate the relationships between variables and geographic areas. And National
Statistical Office can use the tables and maps as developed products for planning and
policy formation.
Pophous National Statistical Office