The School Principal Role in Motivating Second Cycle Teachers In

United Arab Emirates University
Scholarworks@UAEU
Theses
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
4-2015
The School Principal Role in Motivating Second
Cycle Teachers In AI Ain City.
Ahmad Musabah Khalifa Al Nuaimi
Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/all_theses
Part of the Education Commons
Recommended Citation
Al Nuaimi, Ahmad Musabah Khalifa, "The School Principal Role in Motivating Second Cycle Teachers In AI Ain City." (2015). Theses.
Paper 144.
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Scholarworks@UAEU. It has been accepted for
inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarworks@UAEU. For more information, please contact [email protected].
<i.-:H J-SLII u I) Lo !J I Q.5U) l;I
United Arab Emirates University
o� I
ob"JI ��I ul.JLai/1 �4��\�
�
::1\
�,..r
- ,', LII
�
J y.a i
�
2015
�
'
.;,
F�
wI �,
�I
0.!Yl
ii
.�
iii
�I � � �i 2015 ©y::.:JI 0�
U; �
y:.:J1
0�
v
,
�
' E,.:.
l..
l..
[,
.�
c..
�
t
't �
t'
n
I.
.
�.�
1>"
�
\l
"
,.
�'
,,
'�
' '
!;
�
�("""
,. ,
'\
r
�k
r
't.
'�
t
i
�
[
'0
,I:'
�
�
G
'v ,
['
l..
�
-
"
1" ,
,t
�
['
-
�
,.
l..
� '.
L[
-
,G,
.
,
fA
G
, ,
.,
t,
Co
r"
�
.
L�
{
t
I:::
t'
�
1>
l..
p
�lc
):�
r-'
�I:
n
�
�.,
L
-
r
=
l t
\-
b'
0'
L
1:
�
...: "
t"�t � L
1� \1h,
��
�-:
�
�
�',
�
� �h 'l, ��
�'
[
L
"_
-
[
C,
f
l..
�
t'
•
,
t'
[
t.
':,,.,
�
�
�
L
�
t'
�:
l..
�
,
(Jl
N
,�"
[
C
I:
�
!:..
:t.
[
'�.
�
.
.
-::
t,
�
�
�I
�
-----
'1,
�
,c,
�
I:
�'
�
�
\l
,
t;
'tfu
�
�
I�
L
-
�
-
t
L
'
."
,G,
'-
[,
! �
'
_
(.;l
,r\.
r
l �\l
[:
l "t. �vg> \
,r
[ ,, �, �
�.
� r [
f
i
-
''t."
,�,
�',
'
�
.f
h
�.
�
,G,
�
" L-
,G ,
\:..
"�
'\
�
'
t
1:
g
'
.
),
,
;
f
�
l
I:
-
1.
'
�
t.:
�
I=:
�',
�
l..
�'
;\1
,
.
\:..
�
E
'
�
:t
�.'
,I:-
r,..
L
r.
�'
L
'
�
.t'
�
�
\l
."
.�
,
'
'�
g
.
�
-:-
�
I,'
."
r;:.
-:
�
l
c
�
�
C'
�
k
L
lr,
�
\l
l
\r:
{"
l
y
[
'�.
r
i£'
I:
G
�
,
L
,
"
�
F
II
tA
-
·
E'
�T}��
�. J('�'
�
t.: );
r b
.'
t <fA t ·11 ' , t' �b' '(
'l' �
1: f �
,t'
fu
�
\:-
t
�I:'
\..
�
l
L
"h
L'
-
'f
�
L
.
1
vii
Abstract
The school principal role in motivating second cycle teachers
in AI Ain city
Thi s study aJms to i dentify the rol e of
teachers in the second cyc le school
in
research questions: To what extent do
1
hool princ i pa l s in m ti\ ;Iting
i n C ity. through an \'\eri ng the fol lo\\ i ng
c hool pri n i pa!
as ume the role of teac her moti vat i o n from the
\,
in
Al
i n Cit)
hOl L
iewpoi n t of econd C) de tea her: i n
A l A i n schoo l s? And what are the teacher . proposa l s for activating the ro l e
school pri nc i pals i n teacher recommendat i o n /sugge ti ons?
f
m i xed (quantitati\e -
q ual i tative) approach was used. \'\h ich adopted a q ue ti nnaire and open que't ion..
The research sample i n c l uded rs teachers in 4 boy c hoo l s in the e
no c)c le i n
A i n . The study revea led that the mot i vational prac t i ces o f chool pri n c i pa l s i n the
mora l . admini strati ve and soc ial aspect , ranged from average to \\'
financial mot i vation was very weak. Moreover. teacher
stres ed the need [o r
enhanci n g a l l forms of moti ati n through mak i n g moti at ion meth d
profes ional development programs for
such as
c hool pri nc i pa l s, g i v i n g school pri nc i pals
more powers and i ndependence. aJ1d good
ocational and ed ucati onal cho ice of
school pri n c i pals who are able to i nve t t he potential of teachers and moti vate them .
K y words: Mot i vation.
econd cyc le. Pri n c i paL U n i ted Arab E m i rate
iii
ix
\� <-?�i laS.j;�\J
�'-! �\
\� .)
� �c.., L>-" � �J �\jW\ �\ \� -.?�i
.;�iJ �JjJ �iJ \,?"i�) .0.!y..)U ��\ � 0\�\.) �J..,r-Y'
.4-llaS,
�
� � 0LSJ �\
�J.;b� 0.!i1\
JS.)) �\
x
ii ...................................................... ................................ ................. .............. .;
-
iv.. ...................................................................................................... . �J.;bJ
.
Vi
. . . . . . . . . .
vii .
. .
viii
ix
x.
.
• · · · · · · · • · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • • • • • . . •
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · ·
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 .
. .
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
.
..
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.
. . .
..
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
XIV
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii
1
. . . .
.
.
.
. .
. .
. . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. .
. . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
4..•.I}lll
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
.
-
JJ' I j.....ill
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
.
4..-.1.)..l.l1 :us...::....
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4..-.1.)..l.l1 4..t...1
4..-.1.)..l.ll ..lJ�
4..-.1.).ll1 w�
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
4...1... .)..l.l1 w�
4..uJ.J-ll1 �I
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.-..lLJ1
��..>:!.l...ll
7 ...................................................................... �tJI L.LI.)�IJ �);:JI).b)l1
7
-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
�\j
�:::WI 0'�
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
JJb."JI 0'-�
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. "I�I
":'l,!�1
. . . .
�
. .
..J:l..lliJ..f:.-!:.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
�IJ 4.-.lc.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.=J..JI
�
:i.,;� I � ��IJ ..:,I�I
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.�
-
4..-.1.)..l.ll 4....h:,.
�WI J..=ill
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.-...li..
7.............................................. ................................................................ �,;hilI.J1.)lI
8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
j:i:...JJ1 ":'l,!.;J:.i : J}il .)�I
Setting Theory Goal �I �J 4..,..;J:.i :)1)
xi
9.. ......... . ... . .. .. . .... . . . . ... asia 's hierarch
10.
.. . .. .
.
.
.
. .
. . . . . .
... .. . .. ..
.
.
:::"�':;-,.J��
S'-=
_""'"'-
-
__ <..1.;
�
,.
:.,-�
"\:�'-"-'
�
.
. .
. �\..-L.�""'11...................................................................... E xpectancy . s Theory . ::;:.Y-'
12 ......... ... ..................... ..................... . .... ...,,,..J....J, � .} L.J' I
15 .. .
. .
.
16
. . . .
. . . .. . . .
. .. ..
..
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . .
.
. .
.
.
. .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . .
...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. ..
....
.
.
.
. . ·
.
. . . .
. . . .
.
..
.
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . ... . .
. . ..
.
.
. . .
. .
. .
..
.
. . . . .
. . . .
.. .
. . .
.
. .
�'-?' .J.J-' :
. . . .
18..
.
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
.. .. .
. .
. . . . . . .
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.
27 ........
. . .
27
. . .
,...:.�\
,
.
.
. . . .
. .
.
.
. . . .
. . . . .
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. ..
. .
28 ... ... .
.
.
. . . .
..
.
....
. . . . .
. .
. . . . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
..
. . .
. ...
. . . . . . .
28 . .......... . .
29
.
. .
. .
. . . . . . . . .
.. .
. . .
. . . . . .
. .. . ...
.
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
..
.
. .
. .
.
..
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . .
�, :��.J-",�: 'J
. �I j�J �......i :t;'0
.... .. . ,j:�\ �I ..::.,\..:.. �I
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
. .
. .
. .
.
. ... .
. .
. . . . . .
. . .
. ..
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
. . �I "::"\.!y-o
.
.
. . . ....
.
. .
.
. . . . . .
. .. .. ..
.
.
. .
. . .
. . . . . . .
..
.
. . .
. . . .
.
. . . . . .
.
..
.
. .. . . .
. .
.
.
. . .
.. .... .. . ... ..
. . . . . . .
.. . ... .
. . . .
.
. . .
.
.. ... . .
. .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. .
.. . .... .. .... .
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. .
.
. .
. . . . .
. . ..
. . .
.. .
. .
.
.
. .
.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
L..... .
. . �\...JI..::.,L.I. .J�I
.. wl.d?. IJ �foll - ..:.Jlill �I
.
. .. . .
.
. .
.
.
. . . . .
. . .
. . . . . .
.
... .
.
..
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..
.
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
:f��
.1.)
. .
.
.
L=-..d
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 . .
27
. . .
..... . ...... . . .
19 ... . . . ..... .. ..
.
. .
•
'---">'-'>-
17.................................................................................� .;;'wI � J" � .::'\.:ic
18.
•
......
. . . . . .
. . ........ .. .
.
.
.-�
-.J�:.}:i.:..-'>-.. -S�,.:,;.: ....,'.J
a i a ion Theory ��'
11 . MeClelland"s Achlevemen
":"-7'--"="'"
eeds
H erz bergs Tow - F ac or Theory
. .
.
.
.. .
a
.
..
.
. .
. . .
.
.
.
. .
.
. . . . . .
. . ..
.
.
. .....
. . .
. . . . . . .
. .
. .
. .
.
�.li..
: :i...1... .).ll1 �
. . . .
LI.).ll1
. . . . . . . .
�
. . .. . . :i...I... .;.lli �
. . . .
. . .
.
. . .
.... .
. .
. . . .
. 4...u1.).ll1 ;'1.)1
. .
. -,r.L.....::JI..b...ji.J
. I �\:i.i �.J�
.
29................................................................................................................. 01.);/1 j.l....:>
29 . . .. ... . ..
. . .
.
. . .
.
29 ...... . . .
.
30.
31 .
.
. . . . . . .
. . . .
....
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
33
. . . . . . . . . .
36 .....
. .
42 . . .
. .
. . . . .
. .. ...
. . .
.
.
. . . . . . .
33
.
. .
.
. .
. .
.
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.. .
. .
. .
.. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. . .
. . . . .
. . .
.
. .
. . . .
.
. . . . . .
. .
..
.
... . .
.. .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
..
. .
. . . .
.
.
. . .
.. .
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
..
.
.
. . . . . . .
. ..
. . . .
.
. .
. . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. :(lnstrument Validity) ,1 YJ -?�IJ;JI �I
. . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
..
.. .
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. .
. . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. .
.
. . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. . .
. . . . . . . . .
. ..
. .
.
. . . .
. . . . .
. .
..
.
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . ..
. .
..
...
. . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . .
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.. .. . .
. .
.
. . .
:;\.);/1 wL;;
0.J�1 � �)I �I
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.. . .. .
.
. . . . . . . .
. .. . .. .
.. . . ...
. . . . .
..
.
..
.
. . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . .
. ��I
.
. . . .
L-;.Q.JC
.. �Iol.)i
- �IJlI J...l.=il
. JJ)'I JI.."..Ju:w.u..J1 ��I
. . . . . . . .
�WI JI.."..Ju:w.u..JI ��I
w�-'�lI.J ��I Wl1.. - U'-"\..;jl J....=ill
xii
42
42
47
........................................................................... -J'-'I
. .
51 .
51
52
54
54
58
61
...........................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
� ..r-""": �
.;::-':'''::' ��: ... .J\
.".-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
. . . . . . . . .
....................
.. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
...
. . . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....
. . . . . . . . . .... . . ... . .
. ... . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
�
\
3�\
I:t.....:-
. . . . . . . . . . .... . . �
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..::..,���\
�fo ...:..L\
. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
... . . .
-u:'�1
I
�1 .rJ1
� I t-""1..rJ1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ..
.j.:..)lJI �l!
iii
28
30
. . ....
....
. ...
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
31..
33
...
. .
.
. . . . .
.
� �...L.:... -' J d.S.,;....::..JI
... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �
V ..,;..�\ �\ :(1) ,.3.J";p
·( '·1 ...;... ...... (2) ,.3.J �?
LI..J'I'I..:i�� '-"\,..I...:il
. J�
...... �
.. ;.
. . .. . ...................................... ....................
. . . . . .
...JIJ
�-.Jb
(::.J'"
.
Likert
u-1.;i.J '-?� J'p (3),.3.J �?
lfy...I..J -, If- \�I .} �y.J\� ..::.Lj...... (4),.3.J �
35 ........................... j;..J.....Jl-,r4 1-, ci.Jb.1 �I .} L.J \ ...r..l.o �
37
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.JL......
(5)�.J Jy=
�. I Iy...1l �.J:!yb:ill ,.::J...o..y:i.J. �I � (6)�.J Jp
xiv
69
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
. . . . . . .
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . . .
'- �II
�
...b..J '�I
�j:'......
'
.
,)\
4.±
'.
I
-
�
�'..;-.\ :(1)
. ,I.)1...0 .. ��
-
�.J�<ul..
,
'--.J . (2) ra-!.J
- �
..
73...............................................................r-W1J ��i ��:uL.J :(3)�.J �
74
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
�I ;\.:)i
� � .(4) ,.!.J ",<ul..
1
,,:..!.:ll ..J�I
�I
C'"
�oei ,�I :i�1 �Wc. .:.r.:-: '-'� 'I � JA
D-.:i).)) �..rb ..} y-.lAlI
:� .jA c:
�I --.31�i � �I � ..}
'.fi..: �li...a.jA
� ,.bi9.#1
�
�
OJ)-
.
�..rJI
y-�
-1)
�yyll L....j-JI ��3 .�GJI3 vc-W13
� W LJ-c3 �I LJ-c �I
� ��,J
.(2005 '""U-¥I) �I
� �..J�
)�3 �I �I ..} Jh3 y..o-i.c 4.....J.. -w1 y-�
�.j..a
� ,:i.....J..., -wI..} '-;-l)Lbl1 �3 � �WI .)c. o �"
.)..J3 �4 I,J �I rA'� ..J#,J ,�1.A,�
.l,?""'I ..J.ll1 �I .)c .)1 .u dllj �,J �I reJU-e-.4
l iA, o."s,J ,�I ("lhlll � .)c. �
�I
\..hi LJ-c
("
JS
.)
�
4....,'
I o."s 01 (2001) Abdo �411 A
�\.b:i C"',J ,�jb..JI �I w� j-o,J wI J�...o .)c.
� flh:JI
.fii: L..,S,J '�..J� ..} �I w4-..J.) �i �! I � 0i 0�1 � ,�I ,J �I ,J
� ,o� � � cJL.....::,.} 0fo jb..JI �I y:..,J 0� (1996) Steyn �411
� :i.....J..., .lJI ..} "--"'+o,J .w4-:;.I,J "b'i I�I li#1 �i .)! J�yll Wb �I I�
'
.J...S I ��I
,�I j::.b �ll..o "Iy:..\ 0h .)c. o..J� pi 0.fJ.fi..: 'rA'� ti �ill 0 �1,J
�'i ,�bi
� �.Jy.....JI 0fo.J ,�bi,J rg'ib'�:11 � �)Uc. pI o� (+.!.ll 0fo,J
.(Sergiovanni& Starrat, 1993 )..J� ':II
. � �I
S'
.Y>
LHu
hjJ u-"",, rA'
� 0i 0�
0i LJ1.fii: (1994) Kloep & Tarifa 0l:i.::..41 1 0\ � o,J)\.c.
�,J.fii:,J IWU)\.c.)' I �J,Ji :i.....J..., -w1 01..J� � � �,J � I�I,J � �I �I�I
.�y
Cy.a�I ,J �\.i.::J\ � rA'k. 0fo � I..Jy'il S'4J,JI fLoi
2
.(Lethoko, Heysek& Maree, 2001)y)lbll ,-:-,-,-Iw..., �� � fl-:l.J .�\
�I � .;fitJl �.Jy....a 0i (1997) Whitaker �4J\�.J ,Aj.Jy....J1 �I
3
..Yo
J-Sl ;y::.-+", �3J-" .j� 3y-JI � �l
..Yo
rA3
,�)G:J
�I
-.J�
�
1�3 .�I -.J I �� �L �
j'
�13 .�I �l J;.....i .)c. ��I
� � ..;JI w')hj13 .4-1 '�.;JI �:l
�
.J3� JiU: JilI3
'r't-:!Y-�
j.o
..)w1 3
�
...,)G.
..y>
;.=L.J
....l.i...o.l �y:. -3�
I .)] .j�� �j -illj
t-" 3 .�
�..>!f:­
�Y­
\,;1::-13
�I .)3 ,(Crwther, Kaagan, Ferguson& Hann, 2002) �)lb.)c. oyi
�\.) �l .j� L>.o rA3 �I 3j �, �I .l � I � 0\.)1 �th..o �19
,(McLean, 2004) A....J
...., �I.) �I
�3 .):!# .) .J3.l � A.......,.J�I .):!.lA
.J�I J)G.
j.o
()
(2000) Heynes �4J I �3
�\ ;�\jS3 �w3 A....J
...., �\ o�\jS3 �w ��.):!
...., �\ �li 1.>'J"�"4-�1
flyJlj o..lr.- .)c. � �4-y..... o.l�3 A....J
-G'
�
�.J.ii.l1 .J..l\.Sl1
,� J,..owl
LY')�I fji-;I �ljy' Y"3 (�lii.J! ) �ljy' o..lSj:! L. 1 �3 (Heynes, 2000) �\ �b13
�I � rl b) � Jii .u .jfo J '0.J3b.."
..Y> J.?-"
,-:?i .) �I ui � '�J:li o.JL.] �
'flc � A....J
...., �\ f.!.!9,.)c. �lil\ -.)Lillu ,�\ o.l.,p- .J.PA �
J�
�
,-:?j � f\k �y �J
�lUll �.Y>
u� �\3 �� J:li � 4..:j w��.lll3
.J
� � �\.J�3 �lj�] J�\ �] �\ � cS..l.;! ')lc
l:c 3 u� �lc l5� ,-:?j
�
�fo.)] �\ AJ\....J
..., u� L.S ,�h.ll L5�\
\�j (2014 '��J:li�) �h.l\ w4�\ �\,.,..J Ufo.Y>3 '�\.J �\lij �Iy
,��b 3 jb...>.,lj\..9.):!.lA �y-..l.;! ,� \ ��.Y> � ..l"p-J:lufo
�\.,jJ �\3 �\3 O.l4iJI
,-:?3' � )G.
l.JA
wl).�...
� l� l� �� J:li� �3
,�\ .} cWI �..P �i � �I J� uL.u.a.l A.......,.J��
4
.2021
t.'
\:..:.
,
(",
t
f
�
L
-
r
i
-
,t'
�
�
,t
'
1:
'Ck.
t'
'�
f
-
�
.
�
�
L
,
'
,t.'
t
t
i
�
&.
,
,
•
-
u
-
•
-
u
l.,
l.,
u
•
-
u
l.,
-
L
�
rL
t � 1t
t.
�
r �
I:
,
e.
.
l �
l L
l
�
I:
E
""
'Ck.
-
�
C
'1
J::...
�
N
0
I
c..n
�
N
0
�
,t.
.
tt'
'1
�"
t
�
�
I::-
c
t'
c
t.
'
�
,t '
�
''t,.
·f
-
0'
u
-
'�
�
,
�
t
.1:;-
(",
t:
-
r-
-
0'
t
''t,.
t'
L
t.
''t,.
-
�
-
�
,t'
u'
l'
t.
\-
u
�.
C
L
t.
t'
�
u
-
.C
-
N
I
l'
u
-
<>
-
C
I
�
-
t
[,
t'
tL �t
�� �. E c� I::-t'
�'
'�
�
'f
l
r.
'e..
l'
-
E
�
L
-
f
L
f'v.
f
�
t
l it. �L
�t' ,I:
� L� �1c[, 'Ckf Lt'
.� L . ��
�
f
",
[
,G.
t
.
'
,e..
);
1:
�f'
",
t
.
N
r-
'1,
1\
,
(
v-
'�
f
-
-
�
r-
L1..-
I:
t'
L
r
·t'
�
f
,G,
, .
I:::
t
� 1:.'
I:
L� L�
(;;
t.
�
�
,t.' t
t L
,
'[
u
I:
L�
�
�
t'
L
!=
E'
t'
C
".
I, •
l..
�
�
1:
-
t
.
'
t
�
�'
.
�
�.
"
-
t'
c
�
-
1
�
b.
'r,
f'\1-
·t'
f
�
I:
L'
r-
'G,
f
-
�
L<r
,
�
l.
I::-
-
t'
c
�.
-
);
'
t
C
t
l'
)�
t.
\--
(t,
11
l
"
�
.
I
l..
t
l
I"
l..
(
. .
. Y
1- �
l..
�
-
G
( ('
l
'
(�
\�
I, •
�
�
L'
'b
�
�
J�
�
f'
c·
U'I
�
�
f
(,
(,
f
�
[�.
�.
�-
r
�,
t:
�
-
_.
t'
c
r-
t
E
-
1
C-
(,
�.
�
C-
0'
'�-
[
�'
i...
�
't
1'
c
![
-
�
,
!;'
c
r
E.
�
G,
c.
�
-
o'
�
lo
r
f
c....
�
t
C
-
(C
c;
�.
r::
�
-
t'
c
r
,C'
�
(,
,[
�
C
�
r
,r;�
. ��
[
(,
r:;
l
�
1::
t·
0'
1
f
L
�
;;
L
-
'<1. .
�
�
-
fr
L
't
,(;..
-
t t
�
-
l
f
E:-
�.
-
t
f
n
�
C
t'
l:
'(\
);
l
£
'
�
); '
C(;.
:��
�,
c.
�
�
r.
-'
�
'f
�
-
l'
L
lo
�
�
v
�
. C'
f.
�
�:
); '
r
1.
c....
f
�
c....
r·
-
C
�
-
t'
t f.'
c
0
�.
�
-
t'
c
-
t :[
C�
�.
[
L,
L
�
�
!;'
�
.
t'
L
1:
'i..
-
1
�
-'
�b
f
C
�
t'
�
f
f
�
C-
�
-
t
(!:;
1/\
.'&;.
�
t
�
-
t;
�
.......
-.l..
0
N
::t>
0
m
0
-----
):,.
r
'
l
c.
.[
c�
L,
�
[
�;
tt
�
-
rr
�
'<1.G'
�.
()
�
�-
0"
1
-
t
�
�.
-
CL
�
i?
L
-
t
�
l'
t'
L
i?
\
,t:
f
�
�-
l'
1:
L.
('{I
1-
.
�
c.
"
\�
�-
�.
.t'
"
�
r
'1,
�
I
c...(.
-
c
L
,
t-
h-
0
0
0
N
.
.
''t.
�
�
L
-
r·
'e:
-
L,
-
�
r
fE:
1/\
c.
(r;;,
E
-
f;
1::
�.
.......
1:.�
�-
�.
�
"
-
tt'
. :�
L
-
[,
'�-
f-
lo
-
�
L,
�.
t
t.
r 1
1,
<£
.L
�
[
-
l
1,
lo
-
.
'·
1
f:'.
r-
�-
't.
�
L
�
C
l
L
(I.
v
r
:
,
f
f 1,
l
L
'
(,
E (L
[ � Y.v
t'
\t'
c....
lo
t
.r-
(C
L
�
t
�.
t-
�
,e"
t l
-
,
[
,
�
c
t
..-...
l'
r;;
L,
f
(,
�
-
c
t'
, I: '
r
-
�I
�.
t �
.'
cV
G
(r
l�
,
(( .
t
.
t,
�
-
f-
1
f
'(
L
(I
�t
t
,t'
0'\
1
lo
1
�
t,
(
G.,
'slo
1:
1-
l
-
C"-
l.
l..
lo
.....
lo
�
t
-
'11.,.
c·
fE:
�.
'c,.
l..
lo
L
-
l..
-
'
c.
1
G
E.
c..
lo
1
&:.
l..
l-
l..
�.
c..
lo
�
,
1:
))-
(
'L
[
t-
lo
Co
�.
't}.,.
lo
l..
-
'[ �
ct·
'l -�Ir-
'b
(,
'L
'
l
['.
t-'
1
t
�.
't}.,-
0
L
�
re
l'
t l'
�. f
�
-
f
'IL.
f
t;
,
t
(
�
(-
lo
�
1/\
lo
\,.
h-
n
f
t I-
,e..
h
�
1-
�.
'(>
't}.,.
.....
�
-
C"
lo
f�
f
f
'�,�,
lo
1�
t
[-
0'
�-
'(>
-
,
·V[
(
f'
�
�
:t
'L
�.
-(
f.
c
"=-
'1
E
---1:
'11."
N
0
0
N
lo
----
'i'
[?
�
c
(;:
t
1�
�
,e..
�
-
\-...
�
,t.
() '
l..
l..
0'
t- ....-.
1-
t'
l..
lo
t
C.
lo
<fA
'\
'�
lo
''k
�.
lo
1-
fI
�"
't
.�
�
lo
0
t
C
{- f
�
.
(
,
t
t..
.....
l..
lo
l..
,[
't}., .
'f V[
f'
I:
l..
f'
lo
lo
t
[
.�
(
�
�
t
�
'1'
[
,
.
.C-
,
'
c
,
(
�
�
r-
�.
-
'
�
lo
n·
�
.� 1C()
�
�
�.
', f'
1
t,
f
(
f: ' '.�
I- f' f ��
,t '
,t'
l..
C"
lr�
t
c
,I;.
�
t
t
�
c.
'0.
-
�
,t'
,
'=
r
e
(
�t '
�
-
lo
-<.-
:f-
'�-
�t- l:
0'
.....
lo
�
t-
(\
'1�
l..
lo
�
r
�
'�.
t'
l..
1:
.
I,»,
�.
�
-(
t
,c.,
,
(
e
1:
,
i-
'�
11-· t
("{\
L
lo
t'
c
1;.
IJ
lo
'�
l..
0'
.....
l..
f'
�
c,,&).
�.
r
t
C"
-
(\
t
l..
c...
lo
.g
�
ct·
1�
�Y
I
t
�
1/\
lo
�:
1:;'
c.
t-
f'l-
-
i
1-
-
-<.
-[I"
�
-
,e"
�
1 ,[
t- t
);
v'
c:
f
lo
1
�'
�.
t"
r'
r
t
1
'fi
£!.
-
-
tr
<04
l..
t
.{,..
c
1:::
C
[,
-
.[-
� ,'
-...J
.......
,e..
�
L
;f'
t
�.
0
�.
-
c.
�
'&.
r'--'"
<.D
<.D
w
.--...
'"
r;:
�:
1:'.
0'
�
�
v
r;:
1:'.
<£
�
L
�.
t'
'(
-
f'
'�
,�
f-
-
�.
�
v
�
c·
�
'"
-
t
1c·
�
�
v
r
J
c'
C
t
G:.
�.
C
v
'"
g�
'"
e..
.�
-
�.
f
L
-
[I
t
&..
'"
-
v
�
'"
t.
1.C.
1
v'
t,
�
v
v
);'
c.
�
�.
r-
·t.
f
1;
Co
r
'"
v
�
'"
�
c.
'
);
'�
0'
v
'"
.�
c;;
'�
�
'"
�
v'
[
ro
'
�.
'"
C
L
v
k;'
0
-
't
-
,t
L
?\
r
0
()
_.
:J
:rE
Q.
-
m
1.-
'"
t.
G,
o
C
-
'
b
�
'"
v
�
c.
l
,I:'
�
0.<:'
):
It'
<..
-
1·
l.
-
t
0
Q.l
C')
0
�
:r
('tI
....,
::I
0'Cl
('tI
::t:
.....
C/)
'"
1:
1.
-
'E.
v
�
'(\
1;
�
f
c'
C
'"
G,
[
'"
�\
t
);'
�'
t
�
f
-
t
�.
�
\-e.
t
�.
t
tf.
'�
r
�
('.
t
'"
-
.�
�
-
L
�
t'
�
-
-
.t'
�
·f
.�
t
f'
�
0'
'"
1-
k;'
�.
-
0
t
c'
,L
I.e.,
1·
'
"
'"
t
[
�
re·
�
Co
-
t
'
);'
'
'
C'
-
t
�
);'
.
�
-
L
�
-
1
'"
,t
L
",.
'
'
'L
c'
C"
�
-
,t
L
("
"
JI
.�
&=
L
�
�
'G,
'"
�.
0
-[ t
.
C\.
E
·f
C'
-
�"
.r:
}·L
�.
1
'
);
�'
�
1("
't
c
'l
�
-
t
�
("
�.
II
-
l
�
C'
IL
�
iZ
k
r.
.�;.�
);'
l
t
-
l
�.
�
'
'"
-
""1:,
{\
<>
'L
-
,t
'"
�
Co
,e"
,L
t
-
'
t
c
'
,t
t
,v
�
'"
,L
I::;
'"
'"
,t
'
!1
�
'(\
-
("
,
'
,
,L
-
�
L
-
L
'
,
�e....
'
G
-
'
-
,t'
-
.
-
c·
�
"
-
( .
I:
'L
-
.L
�
-
c
.
(·1
to/.
-
1...
.
.. .
i
).
��
I'
(l
-
.
...-
'(\
�' l. \.
1
�:
t � t
t� f.
f
'
r!"�
C
{
i
1 1 [ � � t t'
l' � c
��
'1:,.
'[
'. � 'f
,�,
L
t
(
<[ '�
t
[,
[,
�
1- .f
[,
'1
r
�
·
r
f
�
c'
-r.
�
f [
� I(b� �.
1
t 'f
C'
[ ):
\'
�
.
.
t: t
�
r
t
f
�
t
'
f <t:.� � t � [ f
�
� �' 'L �l
c'
'
�
�
�
( t � �� �:--[
t:
-
[
,t
C
�
C"
L
,t'
'"
-
�
.f
'h'
,
t
f;;
v.:
. .
(
-
1;
�
00
9
Maslow's hierarchy of Needs
��G.Jj.Jl-..l4 �
:l::U�
�'
'l
\:.:.
0'
v
,C
-
�
r
.C
�
�
f.
· -'
<t.
v
1:
-
1
1.
�:
�.
l'
):
'1...
l
.t
�
-
t
\..u
'�
t
�
r
h
t'
L
-
1
�
.
<t
I
...
�
f.
�
.
-
1�
<t'
f
-
F
�L
�
,
\..u
�.
I.n
,C-
�,
�.
c·
-
.
l
ct..
'
�
·
t,
c
.I?
1'"
\-
(Q
....,
CD
0'"
N
....,
CD
I
�
r. �"
�.
�
<t.
-
1
c..-
l'
1:;;,
c
1:,
\-
v
_.
l'
1-
.C
f.
.�
-
L
�
\
-
t
�
-
1
'e...
�
't
�
[
r;;
c'
fE'
l'
\..u
�
1:
-
1
�
l'
-
t
t
c.-
-
1
�
I2i
, �:
L
-
L
�
r 1
t l'
:f' '� �
�
.[ l'
{ t '1...
C;:.
't
�
� E
�:
's.
�
.1:'
.
\-
�
�.
c;:.
<>
't
,t'
r
f
1
c..
_.
\:v
��
k
<t.
�
t
,G.,
[
1..
�
L
'
.C
\..u
�:
�.
-
1
[
(
I
-
v
C
c'
f
�
�
t
c-
�
f.
�
�
�
�
G.,
-
1
�
'�.
-
't
<t.
fc..
f-
�'
L
-
1
-
�
c'
c
-
t
f'
L
�
�,
�.
'r...
-
,[
-
{
..
�
'
t
l
,
(Q
....,
CD
0'"
N
....,
CD
�
I
rc
t
-
t
�
<£
�f
v
,G.,
�
�.
E!
0'
��
'1...
-
-[
c.-
�
......
<D
co
0
�
N
...
0
0
::J
.---..
�
\t:
'8
r,
'
,t'
);
.C
[
·f
);
.
1..
�
�,
,(,..
�
6
-
'r...
'r...
�,
(
\..u
�
'n
);
-
.
�
�
\..u
.
t 1:
f' �r
·f r
);
L
�
t
'[:
t:-"
c.
�.
;�
�
f
(
-
,.
\..u
�,
r;;
"
(Q
....,
CD
0'"
N
....,
CD
I
(
f
;"
.t
�
�,
h
r
�.
�.
-
I:
1);'
-
'�
E
\-
�.
'f �t 1�
�
�
�.
�
;:3
..,
�
�
t'
f:
}
t
h:
L.
('{l'
0
�
..
::r
('C
-l
0
I"'T
I
'Tl
�
("')
:E
0
-l
Vl
0"
('C
..,
C1Cl
::t:
('C
b
�
( ,
�
f-
(-
1,
l
G,.
\..u
-..l
f'
.�
t
-
(0
'
'�
�
\..
-
l
'\>
I'
\..u
\.
<-
f.
�.
"
l.
�:
t\;-
\.
t,
.�
r,
L.
...
�
-
L·
t
ft,
\..
'
(c..
);
r
�.
-
'
t
l
,
\.
L
r..;
-
t
\-
C=.:.
�
.
' r-
\f
'
(t:
\..,
t
(�
.f. '
"
I.
-
.}.
�
t
.
[,
\..
f: l l;,
1-
�.
_.
l'
-
.
.
'
�
f
)
�
,
0
Q)
Ul
�
.,
\:�
(�.
\.:b·
I, .
C'
Y �
r
��� E: f fv
� I; f
I.n
��
Iv
:�'
1t 1
�
<t-
1
•>
\..u
-
t
T
i
�
t [:
Co
c..t. '
-
l
�
I
L·
I-'
0
1-
h
Co
(/\
v
�.
,e:.
,
c;
,
l'
-
'f�
�.
�
L
-
E
t;
.
'
,e:.
1:
r
1;; ,
�
1:
)i.
t-
·c
E
'(>
�
�
1.
Co
£
\..
�.
.1:'
�
Jv
'
.C
.
'
�
"'"
�
\..
,
'"
�,
1=f- v
� I
t
fE'
c-
'(> "
1:
f
t.
.C
f
.� '
�
�.
'
\..
i
); '
\..
e:.
Co
"'"
�
1:
f �:
1- -r rt- t.-I
�
'tt, .
E
t 'f' � t
\-
k> '
�
0
-
'l
.
'
\..
"'"
�I
-
t.
�
1/\
�
l
1-'
�.
�
V
�
�.
�
'-'
0
0
N
0'
(;;":'
�
Co
(/\
-
f
,�
_.
l'
1,
�'
\..
�
C-
E
tr
t t
L·
(,
'f."
0'
E
�
·
'L
f
�
.1:"
tr
'[
,t '
r'
'
c-
�
E
�
, C"
L·
0'
(/\
�:
e;;:'
,
r;;:
\..
. C"
t
t
\..
c-
,�
L·
f(:.,
G
�
L
E
r
,�
\.... .
. C"
[
\..
�,
I:::..:
�
\..
v
'
3
0
0
....,
'
<
......
0
....,
()
<
L
\..
.C
c·
L·
,
(
r
); '
'
t '�c
f l\:
[- t �- [f
l
- 1: f
r. f'
r);
.r); ' '� .
[- �.
t:
�' ' , t t tf
f [.f t'f r 1 !� f-
[
v
�
,e:.
t
,e;..
--...
k> '
\..
0
v.
�
r
'
,t
..
"'"l
'<
((:.,
�
0
::r
Cb
>--3
til
'<�
::I
(')
CJ
.....
x
"0
Cb
(')
tTl
�t
�
\..
t.
�
�,I
.
I
\..
,
1"
\..
('0
�,
�
G
'
'� .
�
L
�
t.
�
[
( "0
\..
\..
�
C
�
t,
�.
r;;:
I:'
0'
'
�
b
I
L
1
t;
1(.,
,
-
t.
�
't
,t,
�.
-
'�
..
.t
r-
\..
);
c...
r.
-
1�'
-
t;
(
,e;..
\..
- J t
t
�
"'"
I�
�.
t
1
t '\
v.
0'
-,;
\..
�
1/\
(
'�
t· tk>-'
�
L
\..
G
'� ,
\-
-
t.
�,
�
"'"
,� I
�
.
'
E
-
t
[
t'
\....
v
\-
'
l
�
t
E- 1- '1
�.
'tt"
[- t 1-�,
t
It,
'
.
c-
'(>
... -;
,t '
�
€
\A
�,
\-
�
\..
\ �\\
�
(e:
�\\
\..
�
f
C
r
\..
1:,
); '
r.
L
"
�
t
�
'�
L
\..
[
�.
L·
"
t- t
�.
,t '
C
�r
�
�
v
\..
L
re·
-
\..
1><":'
C-
'�
1:
'-'
, I
�t
�
\:
c.o
c.o
W
�
�
--...
�.
"
'
I,
.,
,t
�-
\..
r.
t...
c-
{
1
�
v'
-
c.
t.
lr,
Y,;.
\..
1:-
Cb
CJ
�
r
,t '
. ".:
\J
�
' t./.
c
[.
l
�:
.
f,
( . 'i
.
"
�.
g
.,
'<
0
::r
Cb
>--3
::3
0
<:
CJ
o.
.... .
r-I'
:s:
o
Cb
3
(')
::r'
... .
Cb
<:
Cb
)-
til
::3
0-
CJ
Cb
- -�
'
p
\-
-
\..
)
�_v
(�
\s; .
\..
t
1 11, v,
E
-
�.
c.
Is;
t- �l
,
t
k'
�
'
f
\l.
't
�
f
L·
1-' 1:� . tl
ct
C.
�.
.f
C
-t '
·
E
,
.�
�
f
L.
,t
�
I:
I-'
I-'
� t
�,
r;:
"�
f�
\�'
fi
�
:! �
r
�\
,t'
_
b t
'- ' �
.
c'
,(
�
�L
,e.
�
l
1::
�
l:
c
-[
c;
p
-
�
1�'
k:'
�
�
-l
_.
'
t
[
('j
,
��
t
;
�
�
"
�
L-
.'
);
�
f.
L
If;
,
�
�.
�t '
E.
,
,
.
".
....
,.=....
. r.,
-t., .
;
rc..
l'
G.
l�
(,
);
�
E
0J
, ,
);
.
£
'
'
tr:-
le.-
_
l'
,e.
[t.
.
t'
'f( .
L�
E
L.
t
L-
�
L
f,
, r.
..... .
1£ �'�
t 'k
f. 'ct,.� �l
E, C :� 1-
1-
' c:
,�:
/-'
t'
'
�.
»'
h
t!, r ,t .
E
�
�
�.
'1: ,
'
:
(,
r.,
"LD .
�� E
r;:
L
1, �. --;
� �.
'f
' f-' g �, � p ,�Cf '�E
�
L
\,
-[
'"
�
1-
�
L
-
�'.
�
1, � l '"tf.
� �p
'�
«
,t:
[
�, ' �'� �,« ��
t·C
t �. ;t
);'
�
,�.
\
C-
, tt
t
�
�
i
t �. �,
<t
'"
/
c.
'Ii-:�L.,
�
);'t t,'
I
f. �,
�"
"�
L-
c.
�
:r
L
, '
,e.
L
.
-
f
.�
[
l '��
.� t
t'
,I:'
Lt
c:
_
,
b
C.
l/
[.
�-"
[I
.�
'
t
�
,
�
t'
L.
fi=
[ 1-
f
{' , �
E!
l
["
Lf
'ct�
[
�.
b
c
'1:
�
,
t
.
'"
-
);-1..
'ct, .
\:,.
.
�
t
1-
L
�-
f'
s.. .
,
'
P
-
-
I.
[�"
'l
,
�
�
p
� t
�
�
'"
�t: ' t
�
1.
�
-
t
t
t �' �
'
'�
[,
r
f [' t
t'
1'
�
\
It
,t
�,
�
-
t
t
L
:-
\. -
't
"' f
k::
('�l
L·
b
1-
-
�
��
�
"
.
IA
l
'E
�
L
tr
fe'
�
[�
�
�
�[,
L,
�
:1; ,
�
� :�1/ '
c.
fe,
�I:
s-.
.r
1: ,
,
'
L
'-
�.
'"-'
!:::
I� '
0
r-
r.
b
l>
t. 't
b
,e
,r:
""
�t'
.t
I
, I
t
�
� .'
. '
r
l"
t
•
·r
.
�� t(
'� ,t
�
[,
L
�
t
(
�" ' l
·� 10· 'F," b·
cv: C� l';� 'L. ;�; �I' I �t ,
l..L:, �.
1.. k' � [,
tl
�
f b', ·,Et:' lt t � {l''u.. ( t1;. .
,
"
(,
, C t �. 1
�r
� : k
�
't. k [
t�
\.
t- �L
1:
�
t'
'-r
'ct,.
t
-
l �'C . ��.
�. 'Ii-:' [ '\� t.\-.
1.
,
[,
,C
0
,r
b\
�
r.i
t
�
'
rt. f.� ,� �·
-
1-:'
"
L-
�
.
�f '
-
��
[
�. " ['r ['
�
13
,(2002 Carpenter) LJ..w1 w�� j;i"'i �I
, \ . '. .
, �3
j.o
��
' � L..,
'lu
\.:.. ·.�11 C. W\ u' i (2006)
:A�_; I 0-"
' ' 4..c. � y _ �
. .
, � \ ..J:!�I J �J.iil \ , 1
. ..J:!
.1_ .1\ '
..wI .) �
�
�
11
�
. .
. .
\ .�I \ ' 2
t
<..J-o-O .Y"
,(1989
'"1>
�,
t-
�
"<':-
�.
c-
'(>
1-
l.o
r
G-.
�
.r
t-
'
�.
1 1
�
,t '
1-
'
t'
t
'GL., .
l.
'"1>
t'
l.
t
�'
.
.,,<,:
,t '
L
c-
.r
�
�
c
(;:
·
�
\:'.
C'
0
I
�
�:
�.
c
b:;,
l.o
C.
\."
1
[;;
,� ,
C'
(
to
I
co
I
l.
f.
-
�[
l.o
�
fl
0'
·r
E
-
'
�
"<':
f
\."
l.
rc, .
�t '
[.
'"1>
1.-
�.
.....
�
C
"<':
.....
-
�[
�
t
.
�
I
r-c.
-....j
I
�
1
<> '
l.
;[
(j)
I
\:"
�
L
n
\..,
[-
l.o
c
"<':
<.J1
I
1::',
�,
�
"<':
'e..
'(>
�
f
'(>
I
,
�
L
W
f-,
-(
'(>
�
�
�
0
-
(.'l
-
1-[
,(",
N
I
L·
0'
.....
t'
E
[
-
\-
�
'(>
�
f
l.o
L
0,
�l
�
L,
\."
�
l.
t
t'
Iv.
�
v'
\-
t-
G
'IL.
I
�
\..,
f: f
l.
(,
.�
1-[
r
�-
v
�
,t '
1
�
,t '
·
"<':
�
tL
.-
\."
n
'"1>
\:...
-
1
t
�
,
�
�
'
1- 1:
'<t. .
1-
(h
-
1,' i �
E:
t
C
r t rr' .r1
�[
i� �-
�.
�'
t-
�.
'
\:"
rc,.
"<':
1=- �f.
�-
1 i
fl
,tL
'
t;
\."
r1:-
c.
r
�
t
�
�
'�
1:
'
�.
� i
1.
,� ,
C
f'
[
f. f:
'
,t
V
,.....
\."
,
{
(
to
to
-....j
�
\."
11\
�
t
,.....
�
i
�.
'
'f
�
G.
f
c"
�
'-/
l'
N
0
0
co
S.
r
r
f
'
), .
c"
( '0
'E
IL.
r,.
�
·
L'
�
v
t
'-/
f \.
\:.:.
'"1>
t
t
�
'.
�f�
\:'-
�
't::
v
L '
,
�
'f
'
t
(.,
\: .
·
\..,
'
'�;..
E.
f
); .
�
-
1:
�
c.
1-
C
�
�
\..,
t
(>
f
�e
,c"
.....
. 1:
\."
"
L
�
'�
.....
<> '
t
\."
(,
·f
v'
I.�
. '
L'
.�
.
t-'
l- 'f.
r t
,
1:
G
'
f
�
\."
�.
-
G
.
)A
\."
E.
�e·
c. ,
'<t. .
.'
�
,�E
r..t
r-
�
\::-:
�
��
{ .
/
.
l�
!'
I
\."
'[- ['t::-
:t
I�
t.
-�.
b
...<
,r
L'
l
T
r..-.
�l
\-....
L, '
L
f
,�v tr·
.
V
�-
G
,
Y
l
�
I,
, (.
l. .
'"
l-
.t
.
. ,.
,
v
.
,
,.�
�
�
l-
!'
,el
t
k
�.
'�...
�
1::
(
�.
Iv.
b'
I
�r.
r,
:E
(
f-'
.J::>.
lS
.(1996 �)k. ) j91 yJ I � &J1.a]1 6
-
.(1984 '�I) �lio j9w I ;jfo ;ji 7
-
16
\
. ..,r � .
\
< ��I\
� �J
. .
>-
17
. ( 1 999
-.FJwI )
>
· . ,� t:.
11 I..:>�� �L:... J i 4..c. ?
·. ·. I t.ilb..:i �J
; . l:. �
.
�Y'"
. .
•
-
'0).) . \ � �W\ ..l\\�1 -3
f4!
j.a �
<i'� �)lj �! ( 1 99 4 ) Anderson & Kaprianou 0�411 �
18
. (G u lat& Ben nett, 1 99 5 ) �WI � -Gb \ J <L...ij y,..,hJ .)c � jS
.
.� yl l}''':
I
-6
19
20
.
, . ..
�
21
" . J....J
:.;JJ; �
�pl .))
��
-
" , < ,,�
.
;�
• ...0
--F
.
__
.) 1 '
_
-
'"" -'•
� ..J
�
-,
I "
•�
-,� ....r
•
\
_
.
:> _ ..J.. _1
�v _,
, �
'
.;JI ( 1 9 9 5 ) Liacq u & Schu macher �41\
-
-
�
. � ...;.
...
•
. ' '.
� -'...,.,
-,
L \..J� .).3
22
23
·
lc
,e,
c
�
[,
-
r
.��
[
'�
t.
l
'"
�
C
�.
�
I:
-
(
rt
t
G"
�
'f
[,
·V
t
(;;
[,
[
L
�
[,
'�
-
.�
�
(
'"
v.
); '
C-
�
t
�.
1
[,
r
c
�
-,
1-
IJ
'f
�
'"
'
r
�.
0
-
�
L
I...
c
�
�
f
t;'
IJ
L
'"
�
I:
.
1..
t'
L
l
1:
1
'"
'"
� ,.
c·
Ir
:l
'"
�.
0
-
,
t
1
�.
.�
rr
L
,
't
e
I...
't
[,
'L
-
(
-
''h
t
['.
�
1
t
'� .
t
'�
Vi
IJ
t
'"
�
�\
[,
�
L
1
c-
'v
1;
'"
Co
�.
-
:
f'
IJ
�.
�
,(;.,
1',
�.
0
-
t
'
1...
IJ
1f'
C
k'
0'
f
L
'"
1:
'f
f
t
t
(
I...
-
'"
�,
r
�.
�
�
-
f
('0
'
rt
I...l;;,
-
r
"
f.
1
-
'\
'L
I...
"
(;;
�
:L
"(>
.�
f
[,
(J1
-lo.
I:
�
I:
.
1;.
1..
t'
L
r
L
,
�
�
'"
'lA
Vi.
1..
'
'
t
IJ
L
C
t
.
-
-
�y
�
"1
[
C
1:.
0'
'�
-
f
J'
l
�
1-
t
-
t
-(
�
IJ
'1
�
'f
-
[,
�
l
[,
E
[,
�\
f �
I...\.
l'
l'
�.
1
1:
1-
-
1
e,
-
I
�
-(
"
�
:::J
:::J
(Jl
0
co
'-"
Co0
::J
0
0
tv
,.-..,
�
f
�
(,
;[
&'
.'
1{.
L
�
J
[,
�
,t '
0'
� ,.
�t"
(;':
'"
�
1IJ
,[
[
'"
�.�
�.
I
,� ,
r-
L'"
�
-
f-
b
.L
IJ
c
�
f 1:
1:
�
.
'f
't.,
,�
L
'
(
IJ '
-
L
�
I...
�
�
G..
r
I...�.
-
IJ
C'
L
1:
,t'
�;
f:
l'
�
[,
�
\�.
r
);'
��
�
�
L'"
.
'"
r
"(>
�
�
[,
,
I:
rt
[,
�
r
L
]�
'.
�
[,
IJ
.'
{
1.
e,
-
�
J
L
'"
f
k'
f
f:
-
E [E,
[,
1-
L·
0'
'L
�"
�
�
'"
-
c
��
�'iZ, �.
�
Co
-'
-
:[ [
t t'
I:::
L
I...
[
e
,
�
�
[,
'"
1
r:�.
r
-
r�.
c
c
�
�
�
r:-:
\-
'
,t
IJ
fE'
q:"
c
IJ
L
'"
�
I:
",
-
c
L
l
[
,e,..
fi:'
'"
f
\-L
f
C
�
�
"
E
L'
f
'"
0
tv
...--...
�
C
'�
�
-
�
l'.
1
b.
\-
0 :,
c
�
(" .
(!::
IJ '
.
fi:.
.
\
t
. .
��.'
�t
c
: (.
( ,, '
.
\
I...
-
-
-[
l
,
'
t
�.
�.
L
,("
I.:
-
L
I...
"
t
�
-
<>
.�
�
�.
.�
t:
i7
-'
<> '
-
�
t'
c
'"
-
�
t,'
I:
�
v'
�
�.
t'
(" .
'"
t/.
-
CL
�,
l; "
l\
-
"
L
L ...
c
L
tv
'-"
-lo.
(c
,f
.r
!
t
);
'
f
'"
...
�.
�I
I.f,
(1
..
.
-
.
�
\
�.
\...
("
I
( .
I. .
�
\...
'
f
' L
'�.. . f
'
{'
�;
1- t �[' {:( ,
t
[,
l',
c:
f F ' <{;
t
t
[c::
' � c
'1�
1:
'
I.E"
'
t.'
);
0
'-"
(J)
...--...
-->.
'
f
);
f
L'
t
'"
�.
-
CL
N
25
'. . � �
�I\
u...c.
_
�
i..F
Y-.4\1 .) .J.) .J
�
. L II .J
'. . � - �" � I lJ-ll' l...., y.'1 .J 13- J='
�'1
'. . � �
1u...c. .b
J ..r-' �
;.
_
26
1;
'-
�
L
\-
}
ct ·
:r
(,
f
.
"�
�"
t
tt.
"
�
f;
�
V
�
"CL, .
�
!t '
1..
t:..
�
e
(,
r
�
"t
�
"CL, .
�L
'
t-
't
"
f
�
�L
1:;; ,
'-
�
�
,t:
:r
-
, 1.
l'.. ,
'�
i" "t
0'
t
i.:-
11\
c'"
'-
f
\:..
11\
,C
'"
"
�
-�
,t '
'-
,G,
0
,
�
,
'-
-�
f.'i
'-
0
L
f.'i
'-
0'
L
�
L
t:..
0
L
V
,
�
�
'1::
v
N
()1
ex>
.
�
L
t:..
L
t:..
c
- tt.
�
e"
t
[
)
L
r f
�
\- � .
f �!-t ' [
"�
!t'
1..
1..
- 1: f c l � tct ·
r
f
. r:
�
-1:',
"CL, .
f.- 't ' f
ct ·
}
'��
C
r
i } �
[- � t i= 't '8!t ' �. [� . '�- 1,
t'
ct·
,
f[,
f
f
\t
,� Co f �
c
'1:
f
�
1,
f' c·
'-
,C
�
�
�
�"
L
Cvo
It
v
t
C
�
.C
c
.r,
( i'
-
t
81
E
1:;
'-
Q:
_.
r
1-
t
v
r
v
L
c:
!�
[,
'-
f
-�
�
�
[,
.�
-
·r
"�
.t '
·r
t-
f�
Co
. t'
-
\-
f-
�
C
e
'-
t
1·
·r
[,
l
"
. r:
-
t�v
E
'--"
"�-
I
"�
1=
�
...--..
ct·
'-
�
e
[[,
�
"
1
t·
t:..
c
t'
[,
t'
'"
r
'"
�.
-�
'-
'-
�
e. '
C"
C"
t'
e
�
e
t'
'-
t:
f
'"
"1,
'L
v
t:..
f C-
"
r
v
�
�
t-
'-
r
t
e
t:..
-
t'
�
\,t:
C"
""-
'(>
l
Itl .
..
I:
,t.'
t-
'-
Y.. ,
'�-
L
t
(. )1
rf
'"
(. I
«(
L
"'
c
.
'.
f
t-
�
l.
"�
c
t
I,
l.
'-
r
i. .
f:
�
k
t
t'
"�".
1;
e- �.
'
�
r {'
-;
�
.
t
,
- f
t
r
��, �� �
[,t:
b'
'tt. .
't
[�.
�
t:A
'-
"
�-
�
[,
1�
e
t:..
-
C
r'
�. ,
-
t
E
�
I
tt-
f:
.<;
e-
,
�
(
't>
N
-..J
28
�J
'.sP 1 4+J ..> I -.:Jl.ih} 1 .)c. 4JL.:i..:
�\ j..o
�I
. 0"
� I J �1 ..J.ill ;; ..Ju=....., wb� Ji :> � I�i
..
_.;c.
).lA!1
( 1 ) �..J
o�
J� ..)
(�JA .JA
'
JP
'I ...r..J1.lA!1
jcy,U �I
laSJ .�I
�
..) � � I �.wl � J �Gl I �I
� j..o
39
44
43
44
j..o
J-'
..J I � 4
j..o
,jfo J}n
�)
�I
- ( 4 ) �k.- ( 3 ) �y..,
.�
I
� ..J.lA!\
1
78
2
60
3
4
t �1
� 1 .)J..l \ �\.li
LJ..c J...c � LJ..c
, � LJ..c 4...i� ':l 1
-
�
.
.. ..
60
2 58
wl.a� > Jy-a-:J �j&J\ � I
j.;>. LIJ�I
� -.:J�.b. 4� J..J.l.l \
60
1 70
�)
..
w�i ..jill �\ .)c.
�\ � I �.k.
(� I - �1 ..J.l.l I
�� �J , � (2 58)
4...i fi.J I 4...i�':l 1 fl�1
LUS:i:i J . �I
Jp � I
..
�
I) � )
(2 ) AJ# - ( 1 ) i� AJ# u l ).�� 5 �t.ii � 0 J � J
.�: u C""" � I fo
� uL:�':l 1 LS .b.) ..J� I rh-J I > -' ( 5 )
I�
�k.
29
1 1 - 1 ..:... 1 ....:.xJI
J .
-..:'�
�
( I nstrum en t Validi ty) ol..l)JJ ..j��1 JJ....o.l I
30
0 . 95
0 . 96
0 . 96
31
1 - 1 . 79
1 . 8 - 2 . 59
2 . 6 - 3 . 39
3.4 - 4. 1 9
4.2 - 5
32
'°1
�- �
. ..,;..
L\
0 -... 0
I �
•
�
-
l,.,
c...
.�
L
l'..,
�
"-"
...--..
,
f
..
[
�
k(
�
"-'
'�.
t,
"-=
i
�
'�L.
",
'
l-
�
t
�
�
,[
�
�
1-
-
�
.f
L
\ r;--\'
'li'fi,.
1:
-
t
w
0
\
0
�
,
....
�
L
�
�
\: :
h
....
t,t'
(Jl
0
�
W
0
w
0
N
�
,�
�
,�
f
l,.,
�
r
�
-
-�
�r
l,.,
'fi,.
'Ci..
1:
t
<.0
0
<.0
,
ex>
�
[ �
L
-
�
f
\-
!1
V
'ft,.
'Ci. ,
r-
'ct.,
(Jl
0
N
N
0
N
-...J
N
�
1; ,
�
,�
�
l
\-
'{>
.f
--
'ft, .
,(;.,
'.:-
r
f.
-
�-
ex>
0
N
N
0
�
1;,
-...J
(j)
1 1
1
\-
f-
....
'li-
1::',
G"
L
I
\ t�
�
W
0
N
<.0
0
0
1; ,
f f f
(Jl
'}.
L
�
f
-�
.L
L·
[,
'�-
f--
(Jl
0
N
N
0
�
,�
�
1;·
L
-
�
\-
....
'�
-'
\:
�
r
l,.,
f.
C"
[,
t
-h
-ct.
C"
C
'
.
-
W
J.
L
�
.
....
l,.,
,c
'{>
�-
�
L
-
l,.,
�
\:.:.
(j)
0
N
0
L
N
N
0
�
,�
N
W
0
�
,�
h
-'
�
�
\-
'Ci. -
C"
-'
h
--
�
""\I
N
�
1;· '1 ;·
�
�
\-
....
-
Ci.
-'
'
....
L·
�
',.
(j)
0
N
t t
[,
[,
.� .�
'ti -
ex>
0
N
N
0
�
�
W
0
l'
1; ,
f f
C.
-
'fi
0'
L
t'
L
f
l
[1
's. r
-
'[ �-
L
,(;,
l
);
l,.,
.
t
'
f
t
...,
l,.,
\.
.
t
l,.,
L
g
(,
r
't'
�
I;-
L
f
,(;.,
I;\:
,t'
t
·r
-�
.t '
\-
t-
l-
't
g.
,It
("
g
-
�
['
�
c-
�
�
-
h
l;-
'c,
. C" '
r
\�.
re'
e:
r
�
-
·
.t'
t
L
l,.,
(,
'
,r
L
(,
�
L!J
'J
. C" '
·
L'
r
�
l
-
); '
l,.,
1:
'
f
-
t
t
�
'
,\.(".
�.
.
[-
�1
to/.
l,.,
�
l.
I-
l,.,
IA
�
1'. ,
I
t.; :
L.
�o
(
�:�.
E:.
��
'n
( r.-
1:;'
(I
L
"
�
1.:-
-
i'
'�
1'. ,
r
. 1 .-
""\I
�, t
. j;
f
g
c
, ,
�-
�
l,.,
·r
r- [- t- t
':-
(I
�.
�" t
'.
"1. ,
L
L'
f
L'
:[
r
�� L); .
.
.L
r
....
_
v'
t'
C
I::.
-.
,�
"-"
f
t.'
�
...--..
); .
f:_
'�
'[
\- t
L
't-
E:
�
-.
l,.,
"1. ,
f-
""\I
'\
'
[ Ltf 1-
!J
�
,t '
�
[
�
, t'
�
I=:
L
l,.,
I
'G,
t
�.
Q:
I
�
1..
�
�
w
w
34
35
�
'- 1
�
V-
G
_
W ..J�
."
'-.J�
_
,
.J..J�
-
\
....Q.-. J�
,
'I
..,r �
�
1 20
2.20
�
1 . 20
2 . 00
�ji.o
1 . 20
2 . 80
�ji.o
1 . 30
3 . 00
4.h....ji.o
1.10
2 .60
�ji.o
1 . 30
2 . 60
�ji.o
1 . 20
2.70
4.h....ji.o
1 . 20
2 . 80
�
1 .30
2 .60
�ji.o
1 . 30
2 . 70
ill
1 . 30
1 . 90
�ji.o
1 .20
2 . 90
�jU.
1 .20
2.70
-
,-
. �I
�
_ ..J.l.J 1
.W
J
. I ..,r•
. 1-llAl
1 <.,?� :i,.,-3..Y. Y'
.':1 1
.U
_
.2.11 y.-.
>
'I
,.::.J I..u:
. i.......J 1
,.
1- Y-.l.J\ �
..r.
15
1- Y-.l.J1 �
'.- I L .
. 23
�
36
:i. .· _I I �
I ·· ( r )
-
.•
.�
.
� ' 11 LU::..
. LY- Y� ..J _
,•
.
I '. (-14 )
t
'1L
.t:>-
0
.......
N
(J1
1.0
0
.......
N
1.0
'�
�
t
'1:
-
t
n
v'
-
t
,I::'
(,
'(\
�
�
-
1
o'
fu'
k.
r
fl
t
"
'�
�,
t
.:-
v
[,
'�
-
t
f'
L
1.0
r
f'
r;i
'(\
�
.
v'
rt.
�
�
1:
h
k. .
);
)A
,t '
C'
c·
�
c
-
'1t'
L
t
L
r
-
�
L
11.0 ·
�'
-
L
1.0
1,
'
.
t
.�
'�'
e-
L
'
,t
-
[
t'
r'::..
1:
-
ct.
'
t'
-
,[
.
t
[
'��,
t
'G�
.:-
1
t
[
'(\
C
-,
-
[:
.
�
L
rt.
=
0'
1.0
1,
�
<to
�.
0
c
�'
-
'
�
c
t'
f
c
�'
c
c
�
-
L
t
'1t'
L
,
[-
Cfi
f'
(
-
r E
'E.:
L
-
'CL
1.0
�
c
v'
�
t
<to
(,
f
-
�
. C-
f.
.�
r:-�
h
'e
rr
'lA
v'
1.0
L
�
[,
.:-
�
.�
L
�
'p.
=
-
'fi:.
e'
t
.:-
.:-
e'
: c-
c
f
[,
-
[
'lA
v'
1.0
L
,
�
v
'lA
v'
-
-
�
E
L
�
=
f
'(\
t
k.
t
,� ,
·
-
1.0
t
Q'
v
'� .
-
r
1
·
(,
�,
�,
1.0
"
-
r·
't1,�\
n
(J)
N
r
);'
I,
0:>
(J1
l'
r:.
'� .
�
L
-
t.'
-
.�
,
��
1.0
�
t
v
-
l
0'
);'
.<V--
.r
'(\
C
�
(
1.0
1:
-
f
c
v
[,
f
.:-
G. ,
c·
E
.�
0'
1.0
'
�
�
L
e-
,t
1.0
'
,t
[
[
1.0
..... .
�
e,
C
�
,t'
.:-
�
e-
L
,t
'� .
�,
,t :
t
1.0
-
t
1·
.:-
-
,t '
,I::'
1:
k.'
-
);
�
'
)A
,t
�
�.
re'
f
�
'(\
k.
�.
); .
);
,t
t.
'
.:-
r
�
,t
-
f
t
1 �
1: f�
[, if'l....
,
'
{
� 1t
-
�
Cfi'
t
r
�
-'
'1
f- fv
�
-
'p .
=
�,
1"
-
t
f
-[
-
f
c
v
[,
.:-
f
,�
[,
c
-
L
t'
t
'� .
'E=
,r,
(,
1:
=
�
(.,
..t;
-
't>
l
,
f
(
t::"
..t;
L
,t'
c;
(
�
, t'
�.
k
1
.�
1.0
C-
.
.
---(J)
'--'
I-
K
,
-
�:
· c-
i
L'
1-.;
It '
�
b
�
"t.
�
t
N
(J1
��
,t
�
c,e·
�
(J)
N
�
l
h ' C'
t
�. t
J.v
(J1
(J1
t
,t'
�
,.
�
I,
t
(>
_
_
�
,
....-...
h: .
".
-
-
L'
L�
�
�
'
t[ '�{l t�.� �.t �\
' .-:
(J1
N
.[ ..L:' ( · 1
�
'--'
""'-""'"
""'"-'" '-"'" ......::::;'
..--...
'
.
'1:
C�
� [,
C f
�
{"
t
�
re·
k.
.......
(0
.,
w
-...J
38
I , .I! ·
�I
f� �
- -
Jii
)�
('('
E
-
i
0
�
v
f.'i
l..
�
�
t,
[,
·V
t
:c
'
�
t
�
c.
l-
=
�
't,
=
.
-
t�
�
fII'l..
l.
e
'to
�
'
=
l::-
�
fE'
1-
.c
{
c·
l..
f)
�
t;-
..
'
01
h
'CL
�'
V.
=
c.
l.
'
l..
�.
t 1
1:;;,
�'
,
G
C.
l..
l.
�
!'tI l..r
� =
'e-
l..v
�'
l.. ,
�
r
'r.. .
0'
.c
L
t
't
t
t- �- t
'ct. ,
�,
l
�-- l t
\'�
=
t'
�
(
C.
f-
e
L
0'
c-
'
't
,
�
�.
l.
'E
�.
v.
=
c...
V.
t
.C
1
'v
c...
:K
f-
-
t
-,
l..
�'
L
�
�
,t '
�
'
.r.
=
t
,I::'
l..
r
l.
f-
l.
e
�
�,
0'
�
�
f.'i
:t
l
�
I::'
01
=
f1l.. "
Ib
l.
't,
-
�
'
�
=
0'
- - t
'Ii,.
�:.
'r � '�
t
L
l..
t'
1,
\�.
�
''t,.
1,
f- 1,
tI
f -f rft
=
£'
0
�,
l..
f-
l.
e
\�,
t;-
1
·r
t
'f"
f)
�
..
t
'��, I
c·
,
<t'
t.
()1
ex>
l'
[.
�
l.
''t,.
f�-
t.'
�
\A
v'
.
_.
l.
.
t
1:;;,
1:;; ,
..
�
-
�
�
1'1
f
f.'i
�I
l.. ,
J'..
()1
,
11
�
�
If:'
..c
c;
:
t
f
,
'
tI
.f
c
�
�
1- t
f
\'
,I::'
<t .
t
,t'
l..
f
�
,t
l..
l..v
L-
''t,.
[
- '�
�
l..
'G,
�
t.
_.
<t '
'<v-
�
�
'Ii, .
1
o'
.�
1'1
,
G
�
l..
}.
E�
- 1',
�
t�
�
=
�:
�.
t'
f
l ' rN
''t,.
�
L
=
t'
�
\A
v'
f-
Ib
l.
=
't,
�I
�
V.
t
.c
1
-[
f-
I
[,
e
v
�
r
l.
t
fv
r
�'
c.
l.
e
-
'v. ,
)\
1 '1
�,
t=
r:
�
,
r.
'�
C.
f
e
:t,
l
l.
E
l..
.
!�.J),
"
�.
l..
=
�.
[
l.
�
�
=
1\
1'1
r-
�
'
,
[,
((;.
�
�
. '
�
.
l. .
L
l..
(>
=
.!Z
[:
l.
er:
(t
c
l.
('r.
l.
�t\
l..
:
.
l..
1
"
I::-
11
l..
v'
1.:'.
1:t
'
'�- V. t � [
<t'
I f
t t-' f � 1�
't
I
\- '� [t'
t
.
f
t �, t.- l'
r
Y � t e �'
=
l..
1
r
L
L
-
f
,�
c.
[,
'1'.. .
l.
l..
l'
\.-:
r
l..
"
�
�
.;.!
�t
:}.
\'
"
�
c
.t>.
N
0
->.
()1
I
N
0
->.
�
��
(.�
0 1.
l
b'
(>
e
L-
l..v
t-
'\..
{1�.
'
h·
�,
�r:
��
b'
"
c
.
'\f
\A
l� '
l..
=
,
=
'v ",
.
,:
�
r:�
�
;[
,
L
l
'f'
1\.0:'..
I
t
�f'
b
(�t
,
w
1..0
40
41
42
rn
�
)
1
�
1
....,
"')
·,1
1
�
-,
1
l
rl
' ''�,
f\.
]
�
, .J '
,
.�
,.
:l )
)
-1
'�
,,
' ''
t
'"
·1
")
""'1
....,
AT
�j
�
"-
'.J
.
�
].
.�
....,
-�
�
-\
�'!J\
]
v
l
�'
J
-t
-\�
....,
'1
....,
"k
l
")
)
")
,
1"
�
-
..s
,
'�,
....,
')
]-,
1
,
.
'
,�
.). J
-')
-
j
j
]-
J
,7'"
. r,
�
.,
�
�
....,
t
"),
,.,
]
.
1
....,
1
�\,
-;'J)
J
. ....,
J
.:=)
7"
�
� l
)
:3
'�
l,
�,
'�,
�
'
,0
_1
�'
..--..
�
..0
N
'-'
....,
j
;j'
1")
�,
l'
....,
.\�
,
�
''
7"
tl.
,.,
�
.
....,
-
'}
�
")
.-11 '
.3j
....,
1)
.,
�
�"-
'j
tJ
tl.
,7"
.,
....,
tl.
1
� "
'�
1
':�
'
�
:J
....,
�
'J
j
....,
)
�
",
1
� �
A
'<;l
.�
�
....,
-�
/"
'
'<;l
-:-=J
�
-\
,
"-::')
:j
'''b,
J.
. ")
7-.
....,
")
.,
l
],
]-
']
1
.-1 '
J
j
, -J'
:\,
'j.
....,
j
1
u
��
:]
1
j
1
.
�
],
�,
-\
,0
A....,
�,
J
....,
"
1
' �,
\�.
O�I
J"-
.�
1
�,
\'�"-
�\,
1 }
�� ,J
.J
.,
,:;p
4'
�....,
l
6)
/"
j
'�")
....,
�
:;:j
. �0
,0
�
.,
-
.-1 '
�,
�
�,
.6)
�
,.,
1
,
Y
��
'-:-=J
�
....,
.;J
�
j
�
....,
";;:j
I'�
")
-lj,
.J
j'
I()
.,
-\
�
1,
]
.Jj
....,
.�
�,
,.,
.-1 '
•
....,
�
�' �,
.
�
.,
.,
....,
....,
-
'
J
:.:)
:I)
�,
-;;
-\
-
....,
'J
�\,
J")
.
l
.-1 '
7".
�
'��,
' �,
-\
J
\ 1�'
:I)
....,
�
1:I)
'=
�
....,
�
....,
�
")
.7-
:::Jtl.'
'
-]"-
1:I)
" �'
....,
-
1
��
�
��'
' �,
g'")
7"
-\
....,
�
'
.;\
�"-
�,
....,
-\
.-J '
�
�
:I)
.:1)
1
�
....,
l
....,
. :1)
;�
1 �
'
� �
1:I)
,
..J
.,
-J
1)
�
,0
i: � I �' 1:;;;j
"1:I)
1:I) ].]-
l
.,
J
....,
j:
")
'-1
-:-"')
....,
�,
�,
1)
....,
,
�
")
.�
1:I)
'
�
7"
-
.].,
�
-\
tl.
�
....,
J
-
'
]
....,
, -J '
'
l�
�,
'J
'
]
-
I()
j
....,
7"
l'
....,
J
J
� '���,
�
J
' ''-\
.
.,
..J'
....
..J
'j .:�
j
tJ
�
�,
�
. ....,
J
�
J
....,
.,
.1
1,
�,
:I)
.-1 '
1
�
�
,
'
--J")
tl.
7" •
.,
j.
,7"
-:-"')
J'
"-
-"-
-1 '
�
1
"
'�
{
'
.
..--..
N
..0
N
'-'
J
-
J.
.-�
3
, .j'
�")
=r
' �,
....,
7-
,.,
,0
1,
�,
,
i
7-
'J
�
-:-j
.
..J'
.... .
�
)
:I)
�
")
,7"
tl.
:::J '
....,
....,
--
'-J
....,
-
--
'
. ")
�
�-J '
,0
,�
....,
�
.!)
.
J"')
,7"
.�
' �,
�,
....,
tl.
.,
'J
:J
�
")
-
:;;;j
.,
")
,
.�
j
..J
'.J
l
.,
j,
,
�
�
�
3'
tl.
,�
-�
�
-
.�
-\ . �
i,
1
j"- ' �, 1 .] ,�
1")
j
"1)
:;;;j
.,
l
,
J
j.
�"-
....,
'
�'
'i
,
�
-J
7.,
�
1·
�
(
t'
r
I.e:,
1
..
,
\:
e:
f-
\.,
ct-
�.
0
r�-
.t'
'b
1"
f:
0
C
c'
r
t'
t1
e!
0'
E
-
t'
-
�'�
�
C£
c
�
�
f-
1
f--
-[
v
C
C
1:'
�
\-
�
1-
..
�
c
v
f�
�
(,
�
�
v
0'
�
'(\
'i '
1: r�
,e;..
r
�
T
!' t
�-
'8
-
,t '
�
'i'
'-fl'
t-
'1."
,
f
[,
�
L
t'
..
�\
I;'
�
L
t-
t'
1
�
r
(,
1
�
f
(
�-
�
\.,
1� �r
�
\-
[
\.,
-[
t.;,
�.
r
,�
l�
t-
1
lc...
r
�
(
,
t-
l.
'0
�
t'
�
t
-
1
�
L,
I
1:'
l,
f
r
�
,c
-
�"
,�
..
L
I;'
�
I;'
t'
.r
r
-(
i
�
('('
L,
I
'Ci"
r
,��
�,
,t '
�
\-
�
-
,I:
�
,
.�
�
�
'
t
�
'�--
C
v
�
�
r
c
v
c'
_!Z
,t '
L
1:
,t '
); '
r
,�
..
�--
t-
'(\
c
1-E
'Ci"
l.
t-
t'
'i'
I;'
C
'(\
);'
\.,
'\'. "
}
, e"
r-
l
�
, e"
�
�
�
l.
t:
�
.C
..
,
0'
l.
\.,
�
�;
{�
'r?s 1= (- 1:
f t E·_ \�v
[ r ·c- tr r
t � � 1,
�
L
�
t'
�
�
�,
�
I;'
�
�
�
�
r
�
-
f-�
I-
''h
�
�
c'
\-
,r
-�
-
0'
); '
�
'\'. "
t
h
E-
[,
'Ci"
L
l-
\:
�
�
v
c
�
1·
0'
\.,
L
I.e.,
�.
i
\p',
{'
,t '
�
,t '
1 t�
t'
l
,[ r-
0
.......,
l
�
N
0
�
'�
�
c'
IA
--
1/\
�
\-
�'
F
(
-
g
[,
v
t
f
[,
�
c
,
,t '
'b
l
\::..-
�
�
v
C
c
IA
c'
r
t'
t
�
�
.......,
�
�
N
0
�
v
�'
'�
�'
�
I-
�.�
\.,
'<t .
'Ci"
-
t
�
\-
f-
�-
..
1:,
(p,
L
,
t�
�
J
,
�
�e.
�
[
,
�'
("
.
r'Ci,
�-
f�-
\.,
1 l
�:
�
0
1,
v
r
�
C
V
,�
�'
(,
�
k'
�
y
�
t,
[
.�
�
�
t'1 ,·
�
�
�
'<t .
[.
..
�
L,
'<t-
't
c'
,�
�
" "
1
h
�
�
:E
'(\
'
,
f2.
[.
b-
'�-
r
�
,...
l'
.C"
L
f
'l v
r
t-
�
\-
�-
,. -
h
-'
r.
...
'�
�v
't�
0'
\-
r-�
�
t
v'
Iv..
�
J
\:
(�e:
�
);
�
t
•
.......,
�
�
N
0
�
!t
c
t-
.
�
\.,
�
);
'C
-
r, v �
�"
r
.
�"'
'
t
(J1
.......,
----
f
I. .
�
�
t::
0'
�
C
(J1
�
......
N
0
.
L-
t�r
�
(.�
�
-
;�'
L
E
b'
,e
�f
( �,
"" \
,[-
't
("
�
-
p ,
,
l';"
,
'
l.
�-
�
r
.
.
-
t;
lc...
r
(I:
L� .
��'
�t
,
'\:
.
t
It,
II
Iy.
0'
�:
�,
l
,t'
I..
�
f.
c
[
-
II
'1
�-
�
.......
�
I
N
0
�,
-
�,
I
".
.
t
(
y.
-[
r
Iv..
.'
(.'1
�'
t
'-
L
, ("
�
t
,!
t;:
..... �
'"
�
��
-
t
�
�
k
.p.
.p.
5
I...,
-
'
.'
f
);
'
(,
f
"
�
r
�
�
'
�:
L
f
);
(,
-
�
�,
t
l'
L
f
r
\-t'
!A
'
-,
·V
'
L
t
t>
�.
(
c...
-
�
t
(I
f
-[
f
�.
b;,
�
Co
f
);
·f
t
.e
�
f'
-
t
-E
'� .
1
,(;..
�
-
,�
t
-E
L
c-
,(;..
�
.�
-
t
-E
f
'�
I...,
L
1;.
�.
-
f
��
, c:
I...,
V\
b
(
-
f'
t
�
'1., .
·v
-
t
I
IJ
,(;..
[
,�
�
e
' r;:
� (
(
f· 1 �
b
\- �
t
'
[
t
�
\-t.
!A
\-
�
IJ '
:::J
()
r
CD
OJ
�
�
----
a
a
--N
,.
�
-
,[
�
r
:r
e
t..
G'
\:
'1-
1-
�
V\
L
�
�
�,
I...,
t>
-
-[
E
.
�
-
IJ
'}
I...,
r.::.
"
I...,
-
�
f..
1
\-t'
IJ
(;..
,
f t
-
l
'i
-
I
e
-'
l:
f
b
�
.e
<) ,
IJ
'1., .
1-:
L
<)
r
1:
.e
1
�.
�
t
('j
IJ ·
L
t
'1
�
,I:
1:':
I...,
f:
\A
e
-,
-
t
�
�
f
�
\,.
"
IJ
�
�
�'.
-
c.
r.
�.
-
t
('j
IJ '
I...,
.�
t
c·
L
t'
r
); .
I...,
b
,
�
I...,
(;..
:f
�
1:,
L
t'
}. 1;
'
_.
r:
'(
·V
t
-
I
�'
'
�
fi
1/\
�
c.
,
(IJ
�.
-
'
l'
-
�
<) '
'�
�
1
tr
�t
It I
L
-
�.
(;..
t>
t
I...,
f
L
c.
'�
);
'�
1--'
'
-
i
�'.
L
I...,
IJ
�
'� .
L
I f(;,.1
-
(,
'�
'-t.
·
tt
-
-
�
'\- r
t t .� c'
'(
rc
�'
�� fV-' �. 1c.:.:.,
b
Q:
'<t.. .
,t.
f
e
f.
('{\
L
'
�
'�
C
IJ
-
-E
t'
,G,
�
--J
----
a
a
I...,
--N
IJ
t'
c
.[
'1
----
a
a
--N
=
�
-
�
L
'�
l'.. ,
L
,
t
L
IJ
·t '
I...,
<>
�.
C£
8
t>
L
�
-
t
,t '
"
�
�i
r(
rc
�"
-
t
\..,
L
L
-
L
ct../.
\..,
,
("
�
�
f
'�
1:
t
f
L'
t
t'
'
k
);
t.
t
�t-'
� t
f ' '\7
E
\,.
'
\:,
�'
�
f
[ 1"
:[
�.
=
�.
);
1;�
I...,
);
1�
I...,
�,
e
�
�
L
·t '
1 l,
IJ
-
,t'
�
\..,
,t '
t
()
�,
,t
\-
�
-
"
t
�
-
'� .
c-
t>
.
E
�,
�
�L
c'
r l'
�,
<t..
f
�
-
f
C
e
�
�,
�.
�
L'-
�
(.�
t
t>
I
�
�'
�
t
f
�
{"
�
\.�
f
t
'� .
1:
-
1
-
1
{I)
�
]
�.
I, '
\..,
b
_.
"
�'
[.
r
( . '1
�
r.
e
I
[
,
�
( .
'�.. .
'
'f
.
. �
I
[,
r
I...,
C
I�
[,
-
1
\:
f;"
�
('\1
f(;"
,�
-
l6
\,.
''t
.
I...,
�:
�.
f;"
I...,
�
\.�
!'
t>
��
(�
-
�
(
�t
( r."
-
�t
�
-
'B
if
'L
I..., .
I .
I...,
(��
t
ct
.
.
a
�.
I:
�
(,�
�
-.
�
N
I
(Jl
�
N
a
.
�
,.-....
,
L-
-
l'
1_.
tt
-
(:
l'
\
IA
�:
\:
\,.
t f.,
r
"t-o�
L'
�
I�
�
(,
L
\. .. .'
, I:
�.
-
t
r,
J:>
C11
'
L
�.
1
I...
,t '
I...
,f'
\..,
..--..
--
'�
l'
f
-
t
[,
f
�
-
I...
[;'
,t
C
,t
[
�
�
�.
..--..
-[
--
�.
�:
�
f
t.'
\.,
f
�'
-
'v .
fA
c
�\
n
I
[
'Ii, .
C
'f;
v
I...
�
-
'Ii,.
f
t.
\..,
l'.,
t
t 1·
1·
,t
I...
\..,
v
r
�
-
t
t'
I...
f
·r
�
1:
1-
1-
.
�
-
v
l'
f
l
.t
E
rc
v
1-
'
,
kI;;�
1'
�'
-
); '
t
V
[,
t
\..,
-
't,
[,
f
�
,
.
);
t
\..,
l
f'
\..,
L
-
1
r,.
't.
r
t�
g
-
�
(�
.e
L
�
E
-
'ft .
t:
f
\'
-
I
�
'�,
t..
��
�
. 1:-
\..,
I...
�
.
�.
1...--:"
t..
.
�
cfA·
�.
�.
�
v'
�
L·
\.,
t.
\..,
'Ii:.
..
c
t
I
\;; .
0
-
��
�
�
1
[ ,.
-
�
�.
�
-
1
1:
I:::-
l
h'
\..,
\.,
�:
)-6
\;; .
<>
.�
c
L-
[,
-
I
,t '
iZ
, t:
�
0'
v
\..,
'�
f!::
1/\
(.'i
1
't f
�
\..,
-
(
t
1:
\' 1�<£
-
1=
0
i"
L-
I
I...
l
.f
(.'i
.c
�.
r
.�
�;
't
�
�
0'
I...
c-
-
L
t
f'
t
Co
r
1-
�
:c
1·
�
t'
,
e
�
\: ,
,
t
:t
f)
[,
�
.t
\..,
-[
�
:�:
'�
�:
v
[
-
.
ct.0'
'
11
0'
�
L
r
�,
�
.c
,[
[,
-
�
,t '
�
1:
�
\: ,
,�
�
�.
t
-
[
I...
[,
r
�
L
{'
't
\..,
F
't,
1
�
-
\: ;
�.
f
\::
Q'
,�
�
,t '
�
f
�
\:.:.
t.
-
1
-
f
1' ''
.�
f'
\..,
,
1-
-
'v .
r
[;'.
�.
, t'
-
1
\..,
f
'G::
..
t.
-
1
1:
t
�
'-
"
);
l' '
�.
1'.
�" l
�..
'�
'
t
c:
\..,
�
t..
t
't
�I
'
C
c·
.
l:
f
v
'�
.c
I
�
-
'�
\..,
'f;
-
0'
�
G,
·t
c
-·
f)
-
'�
\.,
h
1-
1= f.
L'
l:'
f
t,
1: {
(,
c
c
,t '
t.
\..,
�.
�
�
. r:
-
-r
�"
C
v
[,
t
{.
f'r l'
1:.
1:
� t t
[,
f �,
1 1:-
t.
,�..
t.
1:
,
�.
\..,
-
.
\;""-
,.
f.
, I:'
�
�
c
-'
1�
�
't
1-
\;
t
. 1:'
I...
\..,
-
t
l
c
,
f
0
-
l
1.
[;'
""-'
(\
I
'8
t-
-
....-: .
t
c
,
-
{
\..,
); '
·l
c.
�
�
.
�
c=.:. ,
�
,t '
t
£'
p
,,,
.-
"
I.�
-
t
\t
r:
,I:
); '
-
[
c
L'
-
.'
t �
�
-
,e. ,
t
'�
-
l:
.'
l'
Yo/.
t \��
y t:.
1 '[
-
\..-
t t
,e.,
�
-
\..�
',.. .
-lo.
.t:>.
N
0
l'
1-
-
�
-
'\i
.
-'
c.
v
c
I...
V
�e.
�
,t '
\..,
f
v
li
\..,
�;
'1
t
,[
t�
{'
v'
�
(\
\0
t
1,-
(.
\...
,
lA
t:
t
,
�
IJ '
I
C
('
'l
\..
N
--
�
�
--..
N
0
.j::>
-....J
48
(_)
�
G.JI
..
.. ....
( )
":"
.......
�
-j
. ··· · ·'1 �1 1 . . I �lJ .J
� .r. .
� :i�
.
_
. . t:.. '.�'1 . W I u. i
.J � (
. L II �.J I..) u..:lSi
(2 00 6 ) 0:, y='
L£.J
'
. :iLl..b:i..., .J �I wlJ
.J UA
, .�
. I�
.
_
.
.
I I.....:,
49
50
Sl
..;J 1 3 ��\ .} �\ ..J..i;.j\
� w..J�
..;JIJ ( The G lobal Teacher Prize )
52
�yiJl wL..., I ..J.l.lI
� � 1 ..J.l.lI o� � ��\ 0)..9
� jiia 1,::Jl,'-'I 1.J.ll <31.91
, �tu 0-0 �J J,..::, jil l � L, ..)c
..
�
53
S4
. \.:.
- .\. �\\
L
� �y. i �. (201
.
.
-
-,
2) . �
/..:i..,
. . _ 1- - II ' �I
J,.
� y�
'
. 280ua
55
'. .
�
S6
57
-.J ....c.c.
. ,
,�
' I
\ -' \ �
....,.. .J ..J \ - ' $3
�
.[..
,
,�
, I-I
�
.-I,
_'
�r
....
..
;..../ . .
.'-' (200 5 )
•
�
..
58
Abdo. H .
. ( . _OO l ) . Tea her i n entive
The short omi ngs.
i n the ), [ iddle East and , 1rth .\ frica r'gI 1 n :
\ Jedlferranean Journal �
Ilidie 6t 1 ) : I 07-
Educational
1 22 .
Abu D habi Educat i o n Counc i l ( 20 1 .+ ) . trategic plan for p - L edllCllliOJ1 R 'tri\?\ d
from :
http: '\v\\.'w. adec .ac ,ae A D ECo 020 haredo 020
D
lPub l ic%20
Anderson. A . H . & Kaprianou.
. ( 1 994 ) . Effective organi:ational be/ul1'ioral skills und
activity- based approach. Cambridge : B l ackwe l l P ub l i hers.
Barmby, P . ( 2006) . Teacher recrui tment and rete ntion. Educational Re earchA (3)
: 248 - 265 .
B ruce. A . . ( 2007 ). How to motivate ever}' employee. _ .f Proren Tactic
productivity in the .rorkplace " . U
:
an1S
to 'Imrk
pyth n
Carpenter. 1 . ( 2002 ) . School principal and his effect in educationol development.
Cambridge.
K.
Crowther,F . . Kaagan,S . . . Fergu on,M . & H an n . L ( 2 002 ) . Developing
teucher
leaders. ThousandOakas.CA : Co rw i n .
Farra.
G u l lat.
. M . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . Teacher performance motivation. Dorl i n g K i nd r Ie) . Londo n .
D . E . & BennetLR. M . ( l 99 5 ).Molivolional
teacher pelformunce .
trategie
useful
in
enhancing
P Prac t i t i oner.22(2 ) : 1 -6
H ey nes, M . ( 2000 ). Q ua l i ty education: revi val of staff
i nduction
m
chool . ,)'oUlh
African lournal of Educalion,20( 2 0 : 1 60- 1 6 8 )
H indle.T. ( 2 000 ) . Essential managers manual. Dorl i ng K i ndersley. London.
Horal d , K . : O · Donnel l l . C . & . H e i nz,W.( 1 98 0 ) . ManagmenI. California : M cgrw-l 1 i l l
Kogakusha . L . T . D .
59
clwlleng �' 0
John on . . C .008 ) . \ Jeeting th
.
elementary . chool .
ill trllClionol It'Ll I>r hip ill lIr nil
'!lirer if) of. 'orrh Florida. l :
K loep. \ 1 .& T ari fa. F . ( l 99-+). \\"orking condi t i n .
lrork
pa,;
_
::�
IT:: : : 0 3 3
tyle (llld job
, (/ti �IL1Clioll
among A lbanian teach r . Imernational Reriell of EducatiollalAO 2 ) : 1 59- 1 7 2 .
O). j/anag
Koont::., H ODonnelll. C. & Jreihrich H rI 9
menl. \ 1 gf\\'- H i l l Kogal-- u :h::l.
Cal i fornia.
Lethoko . M . X . Heystek.1 . & M A RE E .1 .G . ( _ OO l ) : The role of the principal t('acilen lIlld
student
in re toring (he culture of learning, leaching and serrice ill Mack
secondary
'Chools
in
the
Preroria
region
. olllh
Africall
] oumal
of
Education.2 1 (4 ) : 3 1 1 -3 1 7
L i ac q u J . A. &
Contributing 10 Job , ati4i.lc..' lioll in
c h umacher. P . ( 1 99 5 ) -FaCIOI'
Higher Education. Education, 1 1 6 ( 1 ) 1 1 .
Lope
Z . A .( 2004) .
I mprov i n g
the
teac h i n g
profes ion
through
education sel f- motivat ion Pakistan. Journal of P )'ch%
gical
understan d i n g
Research. 1 9 ( 1 -
2)25-35.
Mc Lean, A . ( 2004 ). The motivated school.
O foegbu.
F.I.
( 2004 ) .
Teacher
age P u b l i cati o n . London
mot ivation:
e ffecti eness and school i mprovement i n
A
Factor
[or
l assro0111
i geria. Gale Group. Retrieved. from
http://W.-vw . ti nd A rt i c l es.com
erg iovan n i , T J . & taITaU . ( l 993 ). Effe tive
educational management, McGraw- l l i l l .
New York.
S teyn,G . M . ( 1 996). Managing human resources :
personal
management .
Pretoria:
U n i versi ty o f outh A frica.
Steyn . G . M .( 2002 )
.A
theoretical
morale . Educare,3 } ( l & 2 ) : 8 3 - 1 O }
analysis
of
educator
motivation
and
60
ej e. B . 0 99 1 ).Th e Education o f Teacher
for
a.
'e\\
0
ial
rd r . TI1 ' \ i'.!.t riall
Teacher. l ( I ) : 4 .
Whi taker, B. ( 1 997 ).instruclionai leader hip and principal 1"i. ibllif) .
70(3), ] - 5 - 1. � 7 .
1 an i ng H o u.'
�.
61
( 1 ) �.) '-'�
�1�_81
. .bi9 �I �1
2 0 1 280003@uaeu . a c. ae
:
J...:,1 ji.ll
� I � � .l.=. 1
62
�-:.-!
... f
t_
, ..;>.
(1
4�
- ,
�
I
�� I I
) (2 ) (3)
��.z.
4..;.z.
(4 )
( 5)
�
l-?o
L�� -t.=.y
�--.J�
�I � � :L:).!-... y�
-
1
...; �IJ "';.:lWI �I : 'i }
fi.' ..:.� ", Olb
'� "" : � �I '""" i
'
. .ft..: w� -,r)L.j L.I ..)1 1 � y.l...ll
A
. �)iJl J JjJ )JA) I ,,41} ('L.i ';'1.:lL y.l...ll �
. .P- Wl.:l�J jJL y. ';'I.:li .)c yiJl �
.
�i �l wljl=...i)' u �I �
-...iJ; �
8
. .",J� J=. .) .",J.k.L..... > y- iJI �
9
..l9,!
'
� \...ah)' 1 J '-?.. ) 1 ..l)'1
,�..l49 .]IJ..ll <- 1..lI � .",J..l.iW .",..,1..J..l.l1 JJ..l.=J1 &.):i � y-iJI �
�I
�I ..>:'-! 0"b..:i.l)' 1
..
..
. � )iJl ( )L;.. �I
.. , I �.h...:}�1 J wI .Y'-'"j-JI �
'�
..
I
..
'�
,
' ,.
� ..>:!iJl �
" >)' I �
· �1
�I �
� ..1l1 .r
.
.. )iJl u
...... )iJl
�
' hill J,&:;:i
wL.,WA,)' W J �
..
.. J.wI u
.
>
yiJl �
.
Jii.
.. ..,:i > �I
..
y-.wI
'
�
�..
�I 0.P. AJI � �.;..l.ll �I tjj.i> > yiJl
10
11
�I
' LuI:;
.'
"
.� )I ..l)' 1 wl) j!JI � �G..jl � �1 y::1 > y-.l..J1 �
.
5
7
�I �
. .. �.,»
�, )tS.:;.,)'1
. > y-iJI �..
..
_
4
� ,...J-:U.lJ Jy, ('1..b...:i....1 > yiJI �
.rh-Jl �.:lL. yIp'- y-iJI
I
31
6
. ' - ..r. -,r. J jiSl),1 J...:,l jill jJL J J!iJI
I �
,�
-
,
2
� .) -jiyl �1.l.!,1 .)c yiJl �
.4h 'i)rl
,
!
i
.y:> .?-:!
12
13
14
15
16
17
-
18
-
IS
63
... . ...
,
�
��-�
....:>.
(1 )
(2)
( 3)
I
I
"'� I
(4)
...----
:;;..c
.
..:..:>.
(5)
,
J�
I
I
•
..: -
.) �,,"1:!..",, � J-> L:u.., ..;;"wI ....
..0
Y-'
. j\�\ � �..J-!..J�1\ wl�1 .)c.. ..;;.l.o.ll �
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . - 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 2
( � I� )
. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"
-3
22
23
64
( 2 ) �.) �
f'Ja�ll �.Jo:I1 � ��I ��\ �\).:o� 1 �4- �L...)
"-
't
J r.-- .r.r
�
•
�I .I
.. - � �
�
-.:!.. i J
-
..s� � oS" c..... ) � 1 � .lD .I S
( � � .......
....""""
.
"'"
_
.r -
l ..s.l.c. � W I cubJ l �.II.lD
�� �"'-.r.
J'! p... ! 4,....A. .J
-
-
----'"
65
66
J.=JI
. '&,
�I .....lilll
o...:...::.JI � yJl "::"'I j....,· I 4......4- _�yJI �
:;�I � yJI "::"'1 )..,; I 4......
.
�yJl �
..
�yJ\
��I
r..3 -
o�1 � yJI wlj )11 4...4... .. �yJ\ �
� yJI J.>--"'\ � -
:;�\ � yJ\ wljL..'i i 4......4- ..�yJ\ �
�yJ\
�J
..
I 4 J�
:u.iil l
,..>...
4 y.:.=
.>--"'1 � - v,-,:!j.iill 4 y.:.=
66