附件 Summary During the course, BASIC PLANT WATER RELATIONS and the BACKGROUND OF THE USE OF PRESSURE PROBES will be taught in lectures during the morning. This will include CELL PRESSURE PROBES for both single isolated cells and higher plant tissue cells as well as ROOT PRESSURE PROBES for measuring the water uptake by roots. For the rest of the day, the theoretical knowledge will be used in experiments. During the experiments, we will focus on the role of AQUAPORINS (WATER CHANNELS). The CHARA system and root cortical cells will be used to introduce basic parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, permeability and reflection coefficients, and to study the permeability and selectivity of aquaporins. At the ROOT LEVEL, we will see how membrane permeability affects the overall water transport across roots. The cell pressure probe for tissue cells will be combined with the root pressure probe. Models for the QUANTITATIVE DESCRITPTION OF WATER FLOW IN PLANT SYSTEMS will be discussed. Participants will calculate basic water relations parameters from their experiments. This includes a critical examination of errors, which may be involved with the measurements as compared with other techniques. The role of UNSTIRRED LAYERS during measurements of water and solute permeability is another topic. At the cell level, we will concentrate on the selectivity of aquaporins and on the mechanisms by which water channel activity is GATED in plants. Effects of heavy metal, osmotic, and oxidative stresses (ROS) on the activity of aquaporins will be demonstrated. Course on Pressure Probe Techniques and Basic Water Relations March 03 till March 14 Prof. Ernst Steudle, Dr. Qing Ye, Burkhard Stumpf & Yangmin Kim Dept. of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Germany Local Organiser: Prof. Weifu Lin & Mr. Feng An Course location: Seminar room of Rubber Research Institute (RRI) of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences (CATAS), Hainan, China; DAY 03.03. (Monday) TIME SPEAKER 8:30-10:30 Prof. E. Steudle 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 Teachers TYPE OF ACTIVITY Brief introduction into pressure probes (PPs) Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap 04.03. (Tuesday) 05.03. (Wednesday) 06.03. (Thursday) 07.03. (Friday) 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Prof. E. Steudle 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 8:30-10:30 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 8:30-10:30 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 8:30-10:30 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Prof. E. Steudle 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Dr. Qing Ye 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Yangmin Kim 10:30-12:00 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Prof. JJ Zhu 10:30-12:00 Teachers Teachers Prof. E. Steudle Teachers Teachers Prof. E. Steudle Teachers Teachers Prof. E. Steudle Teachers Teachers Pressure probe techniques-practicals Basic water relations and background of PPing Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Role of aquaporins in plant water relations Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Root pressure probe technique Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Root hydraulics (continued) Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals 08.03. (Saturday) 09.03. (Sunday) 10.03. (Monday) 11.03. (Tuesday) 12.03. (Wednesday) 13.03. (Thursday) Teachers Teachers Teachers Cohesion-Tension theory and long distance transport in the xylem Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Talk title: Gating of aquaporins in plants by diffrent stresses Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Talk title: Regulation of water permeability of a corn leaf at cell level by light: gating of aquaporins Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Osmotic potential of cell sap: microsampling and measuring Pressure probe techniques-practicals 14.03. (Friday) 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers 8:30-10:30 Students 10:30-12:00 Teachers 12:00-14:30 14:30-17:30 Teachers NOTE:Time schedule is subject to change Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Discussions continued and Tests: Chinese translation is available. Pressure probe techniques-practicals Lunch time & nap Pressure probe techniques-practicals Curriculum VitaeProf. Dr. Ernst Steudle Lehrstuhl Pflanzenökologie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Tel.: (49)-921-55-2578; Fax.: (49)-921-55-2564E- mail: [email protected]: http://www.homepage.steudle.uni-bayreuth.de Academic career: 1969: Diplom (M.Sc.) in chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Feb. 1972: Ph.D.; Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany 1969-1984: Membrane Research Group at the Nuclear Research Center in Jülich, Germany; Head: Prof. Dr. U. Zimmermann. 1977: Postdoc at the University of Toronto, Canada (Prof. J. Dainty). 1982: Postdoc at the University of Illinois in Urbana, USA (Prof. J.S. Boyer). 1984-1986 Head of Membrane Research Group in Jülich, Germany. 1986: Habilitation at the Universität Würzburg, Germany. 1986-present Professor Botany/Plant Biophysics at the Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Germany. Fields of Research: Plant biophysics; plant water relations; transport in plants; biophysics of plant growth; water and nutrient transport in roots; molecular mechanisms of water transport (aquaporins); long distance transport of water; development of water relations technology: use of “Bayreuth pressure probes“ in basic and agricultural research. Visiting guest professors to laboratory (selection since 1992): (1989) 1992, 1997, 1999, 2004: Carol A. Peterson, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 1993/4: S.W. Hallgren, Oklahoma State Univ., USA 1997/8: M.T. Tyree, University of Vermont, USA (Humboldt professor). 1996: T. Hirasawa, University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo, Japan 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, etc.: David Clarkson, Long Ashton Research Station & University of Bristol, UK 2004/5: Sui-Qui Zhang and Deng Xi-Ping, Institute of soil and water conservation (ISWC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi Prov., China. Editorial and Review Boards: Referee in plant transport, water relations, and general plant biophysics of the German Science Foundation (DFG), NSF, USDA, BBSRC, and other institutions. Editor for: Journal of Experimental Botany (since 1994), Planta (Jan. 1994 – Aug 2005)Plant Physiology (2000 -2005). Advisory Boards of: Plant and Soil, Plant Biology, Environment Control in Biology Refereeing for: Plant Physiology, Planta, Nature, Science, Plant Soil, J. Exp. Bot., PlantCell and Environment, Oecologia, Physiol. Plant., New Phytologist & others. Memberships German Botanical Society (Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft) Federation of European Societies of Plant Physology (FESPP) American Society of Plant Biologists, the former ASPP (ASPB) Society for Experimental Biology (UK). Bayreuth, October 2007 (Prof. Dr. E. Steudle) Appendix I List of 12 most relevant publications: 1998 -2007 (112) Steudle E, Peterson CA (1998) How does water get through roots? J. Exp. Bot. 49: 775-788 (115) Tyerman SD, Bohnert HJ, Maurel C, Steudle E, Smith JAC (1999) Plant aquaporins: their molecular biology, biophysics and significance for plant water relations. J. Exp. Bot. 50: 1055-1071. (116) Wei C, Steudle E, Tyree MT (1999) Water ascent in plants: do ongoing controversies have a sound basis? Trends Plant Science 4: 372 – 375. (128) Steudle E (2001) The cohesion-tension mechanism and the acquisition of water by plant roots. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. & Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 847-875. (130) Hose E, Clarkson DT, Steudle E, Schreiber L, Hartung W (2001) The exodermis: a variable apoplastic barrier. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2245-2264. (136) Wan XC, Steudle E, Hartung W (2004) Gating of water channels (aquaporins) in cortical cells of young corn roots by mechanical stimuli (pressure pulses): effects of ABA and HgCl2. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 411-422. (140) Henzler T, Ye Q, Steudle E (2004) Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in Chara by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Cell Environment 27: 11841195. (142) Ranathunge K, Steudle E, Lafitte R (2005) Blockage of apoplastic bypass-flow of water in rice roots by insoluble salt precipitates analogous to a Pfeffer cell. Plant Cell Environment 28: 121-133. (143) Ye Q, Muhr J, Steudle E (2005) A cohesion/tension model for the gating of aquaporins allows estimation of water channel pore volumes in Chara. Plant, Cell & Environment 28: 525-535. (150) Ye Q, Steudle E (2006) Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in corn roots. Plant, Cell & Environment 29: 459-470. (149) Ye Q, Kim YM, Steudle E (2006) A re-examination of the minor role of unstirred layers during the measurement of transport coefficients of Chara corallina internodes with the cell pressure probe. Plant Cell Environment 29: 964 – 980. (154) Knipfer T, Das D, Steudle E (2007) During measurements of root hydraulics with pressure probes, the contribution of unstirred layers is minimized in the pressure relaxation mode: comparison with pressure-clamp and high-pressure flowmeter. Plant Cell Environment 30: 845-860. Appendix II (A) PhD students in past years: (a) Finished PhDs: (i) Tobias Henzler: “Die Funktion von Wasserkanälen in pflanzlichen Zellmembranen und ihre Bedeutung für den Wassertransport in Wurzeln“ ) (“The functioning of water channels in plant cell membranes, and its significance for water transport in roots“; 2001. (ii) Hilde M. Zimmermann: “Die Rolle apolastischer Transportbarrieren bei der radialen Wasser-und Ionenaufnahme in Maiswurzeln (Zea mays L.)“ (“The role of apoplastic transport barriers during the radial uptake of water and nutrient ions in corn roots (Zea mays L.)“; June 2001 (iii) Kosala Ranathunge:“The role of apoplastic transport barriers for radial water and ion uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots“; June 2005. (iv) Qing Ye:“Gating of water channels (aquaporins) in plants: effects of osmotic and oxidative stresses and the role of unstirred layers“; November 2005. (b) Ongoing PhDs: (i) Lukasz Kotula: “Regulation of oxygen and water uptake by rice roots.“ (ii) Yangmin Kim: “Regulation aquaporins by transpiration and light: effect on long distance transport of water. “ (c) PhD students from outside recently working in the lab (de facto “sandwiched PhDs“): (i) Ewa Przedpelska:“Influence of heavy metals on aquaporin activity of plant cells“. Dept. of Ecotoxicology, Warsaw University, Poland. (ii) Chris John Meyer: “Role of multi-layered exodermis during water and nutrient uptake of plant roots“. School of Biology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada. (B) Research performance: Development of technology & additional teaching activities The lab has established new technologies in plant water relations, which have been exported in the past to other institutions all over the world. The use of new technologies has lead to the discovery of basic mechanisms of the regulation of plant water at the cell (membrane), tissue/organ, and whole plant levels, which are important for both the understanding of basic water relations and applications in agriculture. The lab has been also involved in the recent controversy about the validity of the cohesion/tension mechanism. International summer schools in basic water relations and use of BT technology are usually provided (Pressure Probe Courses, PPC); BT probes have been transferred to labs all over the world (e.g. to UK, France, Belgium, Poland, Ireland, Spain, Russia, Australia, Korea, China & Canada). Regularly, postdocs, PhD students, and others graduates are sent from different labs to learn the BT technology. Sometimes, these students later became PhD students in the lab. After the discovery of water channels (aquaporins; see Nobel prize to P. Agre in chemistry in 2003), the popularity of BT technology increased, both in basic and applied areas. In this context, there is long-lasting cooperation with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) at Los Banos, Manila, Philippines (see references 131, 134, 135, 142 & 148). PPCs outside Bayreuth: August 1993: PPC at the University of Western Australia at Perth. February 2003: International PPC, again in Perth/Australia July/August 2003: Int. PPC in Gwangju/South Korea August/September 2004: Int. PPCs in Katowice/Poland and at China Agricultural University, Beijing/China. September/October 2005: CAS at Yangling, Prov. Shaanxi, China September 2006: CAS/Yangling, Prov. Shaanxi, China. September 03 till 14, 2007: Université Catholique de Louvainla-Neuve, Belgium. Other recent invited teaching on “Biophysics of Plant Water”: (i) University of Silesia at Katowice/Poland within the ERASMUS/SOCRATES PROGRAMME of EU in March/April 2002 & 2003 (8 lectures/stay). (ii) Lecturing at the State Key Lab of Chinese Academy of Scinces at Yangling as a Visiting Professor, starting in 2005. List of recent publications: 1998 -2007 (112) Steudle E, Peterson CA (1998) How does water get through roots? J. Exp. Bot. 49: 775788 (113) Zimmermann HM, Steudle E (1998) Apoplastic transport across young maize roots: effect of the exodermis. Planta 206: 7-19 (114) Freundl E, Steudle E, Hartung W (1998) Water uptake by roots of maize and sunflower affects the radial transport of abscisic acid and the ABA concentration in the xylem. Planta 207: 8-19 (115) Tyerman SD, Bohnert HJ, Maurel C, Steudle E, Smith JAC (1999) Plant aquaporins: their molecular biology, biophysics and significance for plant water relations. J. Exp. Bot. 50: 1055-1071. (116) Wei C, Steudle E, Tyree MT (1999) Water ascent in plants: do ongoing controversies have a sound basis? Trends Plant Science 4: 372 – 375. (117) Wei C, Tyree MT, Steudle E (1999) Direct measurement of xylem pressure in leaves of intact maize plants. A test of cohesion-tension theory taking hydraulic archirecture into consideration. Plant Physiol. 121: 1191 – 1205. (118) Henzler T, Waterhouse RN, Smyth AJ, Carvajal M, Cooke DT, Schäffner AR, Steudle E, Clarkson DT (1999) Diurnal variations of hydraulic conductivity and root pressure are related to the expression of putative aquaporins in the roots of Lotus japonicus. Planta 210: 50-60. (119) Henzler T, Steudle E (2000) Transport and metabolic degradation of hydrogen peroxide in Chara corallina: model calculations and measurements with the pressure probe suggest transport of H2O2 across water channels. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 2053-2066. (120) Clarkson DT, Carvajal M, Henzler T, Waterhouse RN, Smyth A, Cooke DT, Steudle E (2000) Root hydraulic conductance: diurnal aquaporin expression and the effects of nutrient stress. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 61–70. (121) Hose E, Steudle E, Hartung W (2000) Absisic acid and hydraulic conductivity of maize roots: a study using cell-and root-pressure probes. Planta 211: 874-882. (122) Freundl E, Steudle E, Hartung W (2000) Apolastic transport of abscisic acid through roots of maize: effect of the exodermis. Planta 210: 222-231. (123) Steudle E (2000) Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views. Plant and Soil 226: 45-56. (124) Steudle E (2000) Water uptake by roots: effects of water deficit. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 15311542. (125) Barrowclough DE, Peterson CA, Steudle E (2000) Radial hydraulic conductivity along developing onion roots. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 547-557. (126) Zimmermann HM, Hartmann K, Schreiber L, Steudle E (2000) Chemical composition of apoplastic transport barriers in relation to radial hydraulic conductivity of corn roots (Zea mays L.). Planta 210: 302-311. (127) Wei CF, Steudle E, Tyree MT (2000) Reply.... Water ascent in plants. Trends in Plant Science 5: 146-147. (128) Steudle E (2001) The cohesion-tension mechanism and the acquisition of water by plant roots. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. & Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 847-875. (129) Wei C, Steudle E, Tyree MT, Lintilhac PM (2001) The essentials of direct xylem pressure measurement. Plant, Cell & Environment 24: 549-555. (130) Hose E, Clarkson DT, Steudle E, Schreiber L, Hartung W (2001) The exodermis: a variable apoplastic barrier. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2245-2264. (131) Miyamoto N, Steudle E, Hirasawa T, Lafitte R (2001) Hydraulic conductivity of rice roots. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1835-1846. (132) Steudle E (2002) Aufnahme und Transport des Wassers in Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 85: 251-278. (133) Steudle E (2002) Transport of water in plants. Environm. Contr. Biol. 40: 29-37. (134) Ranathunge K, Steudle E, Lafitte R (2003) Control of water uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.): role of the outer part of the root. Planta 217: 193-205. (135) Ranathunge K, Kotula L, Steudle E, Lafitte R (2004) Water permeability and reflection coefficient of the outer part of young rice roots are differently affected by closure of water channels (aquaporins) or blockage by apoplastic pores. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 433-447. (136) Wan XC, Steudle E, Hartung W (2004) Gating of water channels (aquaporins) in cortical cells of young corn roots by mechanical stimuli (pressure pulses): effects of ABA and HgCl2. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 411-422. (137) Ye Q, Wiera B, Steudle E (2004) A cohesion/tension mechanism explains the gating of water channels (aquaporins) in Chara internodes by high concentration. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 449-461. (138) Lee SH, Singh AP, Chung GC, Ahn SJ, Noh EK, Steudle E (2004) Exposure of roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to low temperature severely reduces root pressure, hydraulic conductivity and active transport of nutrients. Physiol. Plant. 120: 413-420. (139) Zhao CX, Deng XP, Zhang SQ, Shan L, Ye Q, Steudle E, Shan L (2004) Advances in the studies on water uptake by plant roots. Acta Bot. Sin. 46: 505-514. (140) Henzler T, Ye Q, Steudle E (2004) Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in Chara by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Cell Environment 27: 1184-1195. (141) Tyerman SD, Tilbrook J, Pardo C, Kotula L, Sullivan W, Steudle E (2004) Direct measurement of hydraulic properties in developing berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz and Chardonnay. Aust. J. Grape & Wine Res. 10: 170-181. (142) Ranathunge K, Steudle E, Lafitte R (2005) Blockage of apoplastic bypass-flow of water in rice roots by insoluble salt precipitates analogous to a Pfeffer cell. Plant Cell Environment 28: 121-133. (143) Ye Q, Muhr J, Steudle E (2005) A cohesion/tension model for the gating of aquaporins allows estimation of water channel pore volumes in Chara. Plant, Cell & Environment 28: 525-535. (144) Lee SH, Chung GC, Steudle E (2005) Gating of aquaporins by low temperature in roots of chilling-sensitive cucumber and chilling-tolerant figleaf gourd. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 985-995. (145) Lee SH, Chung GC, Steudle E (2005) Low temperature and mechanical stresses differently gate aquaporins of root cortical cells of chilling-sensitivce cucumber and resistant figleaf gourd. Plant, Cell & Environment 28: 1191-1202. (146) Zhao CX, Deng XP, Shan L, Steudle E, Zhang SQ, Ye Q (2005) Changes in root hydraulic conductivity during wheat evolution. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 47: 302-310. (147) Schreiber L, Franke R, Hartmann KD, Ranathunge K, Steudle E (2005) The chemical composition of suberin in apoplastic barriers affects radial hydraulic conductivity differently in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64) and corn (Zea mays cv. Helix). J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1427-1436. (148) Ranathunge K, Steudle E, Lafitte R (2005) A new precipitation technique provides evidence for the permeability of Casparian bands to ions in young roots of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant, Cell & Environment 28: 1450-1462. (149) Ye Q, Kim YM, Steudle E (2006) A re-examination of the minor role of unstirred layers during the measurement of transport coefficients of Chara corallina internodes with the cell pressure probe. Plant, Cell & Environment 29: 964-980. (150) Ye Q, Steudle E (2006) Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in corn roots. Plant, Cell & Environment 29: 459-470. (151) Garthwaite AL, Steudle E, Colmer TD (2006) Water uptake by roots of Hordeum marinum: formation of a barrier to radial O2 loss does not affect root hydraulic conductivity. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 655-664. (152) Kim Y, Ye Q, Reinhardt H, Steudle E (2006) Further quantification of the role of internal unstirred layers during the measurement of transport coefficients in giant internodes of Chara by a stop-flow technique. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 4133 – 4144. (153) Meyer CJ, Steudle E, Peterson CA (2007) Patterns and kineticsof water uptake by soybean seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 717 -732. (154) Knipfer T, Das D, Steudle E (2007) During measurements of root hydraulics with pressure probes, the contribution of unstirred layers is minimized in the pressure relaxation mode: comparison with pressure clamp and high-pressure flowmeter. Plant Cell Environment 30: 845 – 860. (155) Kim Y, Steudle E (2007) Light and turgor affect the water permeability of parenchyma cells in the midrib of leaves of Zea mays. J. Exp. Bot. 57: in press. Main invited lectures at meetings & seminar talks: 1998 – 2007 (as remembered) Invited talk for the Gordon Research Conference on “Salt and Water Stress in Plants” at Queen’s College, Oxford, UK, August 1998: “Stress effects on cell and tissue water relations”. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines: Invited lecture for the International Workshop on “Genetic Improvement of Rice for Water-Limited Environments”, December 1998: “The physiological and anatomical basis for an optimization of water uptake by roots of crop plants”. Seminar talk: University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, October 12, 1999: “Water transport across roots: an integration of views“. Invited talk: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, October 1999:”Water transport across roots”. Invited plenary lecture: VII Meeting of the Brasilian Society of Plant Physiologists (CBFV), 18 to 22 July, 1999, in Brasilia: “Water absorption by roots“. A two-days (20 & 21 of July) symposium was held on “Techniques for measuring water transport across roots”. Two seminar talks at the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, October 2000: “Water transport across roots“ and “Is the cohesion/tension theory still valid?“. Seminar talk: Institut fuer Botanik II/III, Universitaet Freiburg, Germany, January 10, 2000: “Ist die Kohaesionstheorie noch gueltig?“ (“Is the cohesion theory still valid?”). Seminar talk; Department of Renewable Ressources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, July 27, 2000: ”Regulation of water uptake by plant roots”. Seminar talk: Department of Botany, University of Hamburg, Germany, January 2001: “Role of water channels (aquaporins) in plant water relations“. Invited plenary lecture at the Main Meeting of the German Academy of Natural Science (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, Leopoldina), Halle, Germany, April 2001. Title: “Aufnahme & Transport des Wassers in Pflanzen” (“Uptake & Transport of Water in Plants”). Seminar talk: School of Biology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, April 08, 2002: ”Water uptake by plants: regulation at the cell, root and whole plant level”. Invited talk: International Symposium on Agricultural Plant Stress Response, October 24 till 26, 2002, in Kwangju, South Korea. Title: “Water uptake by plant roots: effects of water stress”. Seminar talk: October 15, 2002, NMR Centre, Department of Molecular Physics, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands:“The molecular and biophysical basis of water transport: cell, tissue and root level”. Seminar talk: University of Bonn, Germany, December 9, 2002: “Aufnahme und Transport des Wassers in Pflanzen”. Academic Dispute with Prof. Ulrich Zimmermann, Wuerzburg, in front of the Physical-Medical Society at Wuerzburg (Physikalisch-Medizinische Gesellschaft zu Wuerzburg), Germany, University of Wuerzburg: “Warum die Baeume nicht in den Himmel wachsen” (“Why trees do not grow up to the heaven”). Invitation by the Physikalisch-Medizinische Gesellschaft, Wuerzburg, June 26, 2003; Three hours of dispute on the validity of the cohesion/tension mechanism of the ascent of sap in plants. Invited talk: Summer School of School of Biology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences of the University of Western Australia, Perth (Prof. Hans Lambers), Rottnest Island, February 9 till 12, 2003: “Plant hydraulics: cell, organ, and whole plant level”. Invited talk: Sino-German Symposium of the German Science Foundation (DFG) on “Extracellular Biopolymers of Plants and Their Function in Growth, Development and Protection”, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Beijing, September 18 till 22, 2004. Title: ”Role of apoplastic barriers during water uptake by plant roots”. • Three seminar talks in Beijing, China, in September 2004: (i) China Agricultural University, State Key Lab of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Sept.13: ”Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views”. (ii) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sept. 16, 2004: “Water transport in plants”; (iii) China Agricultural University, Dept. of Fruit Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sept. 15:”The role of aquaporins in plant water relations”. Invited talk: Workshop on “Water transport and aquaporins in grapevines” held in Mallorca, Spain, Oct. 21 and 22, 2004, as part of the COST Action 858: “Water uptake by plant roots: role of aquaporins”. Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg: Einstein Year 2005: “Einstein – Diffusion and Osmosis”; Freiberg, Saxony, Germany, June 08, 2005. Seminar talk: Department Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes INRA/CNRS, Montpellier, France, December 01, 2005:” Gating of water channel activity by plant cells“. Invited talk at the Meeting of the Society of Experimental Biology at Canterbury, UK, April 2006: “Gating of aquaporin activity of plant cells: consequences at the cell, tissue and organ levels”. Seminar talk: Department Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Mass., USA: “ Gating of aquaporin activity of plant cells” July 28, 2006. Invited lecture: Gordon Research Conference on “Transport in Permeable Media; 150 Years of Darcy’s Law” at Proctor Academy, Andover, New Hampshire, USA, August 2006: ”Pore transport in plants: molecular, cell, organ & whole plant levels”. Seminar talk: Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig/Halle, Germany: “Porentransport des Wassers in Pflanzen: von der Ebene des Transportmoleküls zur ganzen Pflanze”. (“Pore transport of water: from the level of individual transport moelcules to the whole plant level”.). November 08, 2006. Seminar talk: Department of Botany, Technical University of Munich in Weihenstephan, Germany: “Die Regulation von Wasserfluessen in Pflanzen: vom Aquaporin zur ganzen Pflanze.” (“The regulation of water flow in plants: from the aquaporin to whole plant level.”). May 03, 2007.
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