Final Exam Fall Semester: CH1-10, 11.4
WHAT TO FOCUS ON
• Ch 1: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS:
controlled experiment, hypothesis, theory, characteristics of life, homeostasis, metabolism, fig 121 molecules> cells>>...biosphere, light microscope
• Ch 2: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE:
atom, parts of atom, compound, chemical bonds, ionic vs covalent bonds, peptide bonds,
cohesion, solution, acid vs base, pH scale, polymer, lipid, proteins, chemical reactions, enzymes,
activation energy, enzyme-substrate complex, regulating enzyme activity, mono-, polysaccharide, monomer vs. polymer
• Ch 3, 4, 5, and 6: ECOLOGY:
Fig 3-2, organism>species>...biosphere, autotroph, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis,
heterotroph, food chain, food web, trophic level, energy pyramid, biomass pyramid, pyramid of
numbers, biogeochemical cycles, water cycle (evaporation, transpiration), carbon cycle, Fig 3-13,
nitrogen fixation, denitrification, importance of phosphorous cycle, limiting nutrient, climate vs
weather, greenhouse effect and gases fig 4-1, latitude effect, biotic vs abiotic, niche, habitat,
competitive exclusion principle, types of symbiosis, know primary and secondary succession•
CH5 Study figure 5-3, 5-4 carrying capacity definition, 5-7 and caption, 5-10, Ch 6 invasive
species, deforestation, conservation, bioaccumulation, biomagnification
• Ch 7: CELLS:
prokaryote vs eukaryote, organelles and functions, cell membrane/ cell wall, phospholipid bilayer,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, diffusion, passive vs active transport, facilitated
diffusion, osmosis, kinds of endocytosis, exocytosis
• Ch 8: PHOTOSYNTHESIS :
Heterotrophautotroph, ATP structure, how ATP and ADP convert to each other, how ATP
releases energy, photosynthesis equation, reactants and products and by-products of
photosynthesis, visible light spectrum, wavelength and relation to photosynthesis, role of water,
oxygen, carbon dioxide. Where photosynthesis occurs in a cell, Structure of chloroplast,
functions of parts of chloroplast, chlorophyll in relation to the chloroplast; know details of light
dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) such as the reactants, products and where they
go; KNOW electron transport chain (ETC), NADP, NADPH, ATP synthase; know the factors that
affect photosynthesis and how changes (increase or decrease) in factors affect the rate of
photosynthesis.
• Ch 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Where respiration occurs in a cell , Respiration equation and how it relates to photosynthesis,
reactants, products, glycolysis, pyruvic acid: where it comes from and where it goes, role of
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, Krebs cycle, ETC, ATP synthase, NADH, FADH2, Types of
fermentation and when it happens, lactic acid, oxygen debt, how the body gets energy needed
for different duration times of exercise such as longer than 90 seconds, 2 minutes
• Ch10 and 11.4: CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION
DNA overload, why more cells work better for larger organism, cell division, structure and
function of chromosomes, events in the cell cycle, interphase, G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Interphase,
cytokinesis, phases of mitosis and details, cell cycle regulators, cancer, tumor, contact inhibition