“ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM LEAVES
OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM (FABEACEAE)
TOWARDS ACHIEVING CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION.’’
SYNOPSIS FOR
M.PHARM DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA
BY
RAVI KUMAR K.S
I M.PHARM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY
PES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
BENGALURU-560050
(2011-12)
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE-II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1.
Name of the candidate and address
RAVI KUMAR K.S
P.E.S. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
50FT. ROAD,
HANUMANTHNAGAR,
BENGALOORU-560 050
PERMANENT ADDRESS
DOOR NO: 953,24th MAIN ,38th CROSS,
4th T BLOCK, JAYANAGAR
BANGALOORU-560 028.
2.
Name of Institution
P.E.S. COLEGE OF PHARMACY
50FT. ROAD,
HANUMANTHNAGAR,
BENGALOORU-560 050.
3.
Course of study and subject
MASTER OF PHARMACY IN
PHARMACOGNOSY
4.
Date of Admission
3rd July 2010
5.
TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
“ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE LEAVES
OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM (FABEACEAE) TOWARDS
ACHEIVING CHEMICAL STANDARDISATION”
6.
Brief resume of the intended work:
6.1 Need For Study:
Trigonella foenum graecum which is commonly known as fenugreek is an annual herb
with an erect or prostate, smooth , little branched stem & trifoliate leaves , the leaflets are
oblanceolate to oblong & slightly toothed. They are bitter, arcid, antidiabetic, antioxidant,
antirheumatic, appetizer12.
Many compounds have been reported from Trigonella Foenum Graceum. However, no
HPTLC or HPLC based standardization is available and also no markers are available
commercially. Therefore, our study is to isolate the markers with the help of major
peaks/spots, on HPLC/HPTLC and then to develop a method for standardization for
Trigonella foenum graecum crude herb and its extract .
Chemical constituents:Leaves contain saponins such as diosgenin, yamogenin,
gitogenin, tigogenin neotigogens,Trigonelloside C, saponin graecunins A,B,C,D,E,F&G.
Other bioactive constituents of fenugreek include mucilage, volatile oils, and alkaloids
such as choline and trigonelline.
Volatile constituents contains sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons , alkanes ,lactones .
Proteins (30%), seeds contains lipids (7%) , flavonoids & many sterols5 .
Therapeutic uses:
External use- Hair conditioners.
Internal use





As hyperglycemic.
Rheumatism.
Galactagogue (milk producing agent).
Gout
Hypercholesterolemia.
Diarrhoea ,dyspepsia ,loss of appetite .
6.2 Review of the Literature:

Maleppillil Vavachan Vijayakumar et al.,(2005) have reported the hypoglycemic
activity of Fenugreek seeds extract by mediated through the stimulation of an insulin
signally pathway7.

Mayumi Ikuchi et al., (2006) have reported the effects of Fenugreek seeds extract on
endurance on mice9 .

Anchallee Srichamroen et al., (2008) have reported the modifying effects of
galactomann from Canadian- grown fenugreek on the glycemic & lipidemic status in
rats1 .

Chris Poole et al., (2010) have reported the effects of a commercially available
botanical supplement on strength ,body composition, power output & hormonal
profiles in resistant trained males3 .

Asmena Mowla et al., (2009) have reported the antihyperglycemic effect of
Trigonella Foenum Graecum seed extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats & its use in
diabetes mellitus 2.

Uma Nath Tripathi et al., (2009) have reported the antioxidant & antihyperglycemic
properties for cardiac tissue during diabetes mellitus of the plant extracts of
Momordica charantia & Trigonella Foenum Graecum

Subramanian Kavirasan et al., (2006) have reported the Fenugreek seed extract
prevents ethanol induced toxicity & apoptosis in chang liver cells15.

Mohammad Rizwan Siddique et al., (2005) have reported the amelioration of altered
antioxidant status & membrane linked functions by vanadium and Trigonella in
alloxan diabetic rat brains10.

Rakhee S Dangi et al., (2004) have reported the assessment of genetic diversity in
Trigonella Foenum Graecum and Trigonella Caerulea using ISSR and RAPD
markers13.

Umesh C S Yadav et al., (2004) have reported the effects of sodium orthovandate and
Trigonella Foenum Graecum seeds on hepatic and renal lipogenic enzymes and lipid
profile during alloxan diabetes18.

S. Sreeja et al., (2010) have reported in vitro estrogenic activities of Fenugreek
seeds14.

Gholamali A Jelodar et al., (2005) have reported the effect of Fenugreek ,onion, garlic
on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic rats .
6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1.
Collection and authentication of leaves of Trigonella Foenum Graecum .
2.
Extraction of the drug with different solvents.
3.
Isolation of markers corresponding to the major peaks or spots in
TLC/HPTLC.
4.
Characterization of markers by UV, IR, NMR.
5.
Estimation of markers by HPLC/HPTLC
77
Materials and Methods
7.1 SOURCES OF DATA
Journals searched on RGUHS-Digital library, NCSI-IISC, Text books of Pharmacognosy
and Botany and Library of Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd.
Place of work: Natural Remedies Pvt.Ltd., Bengalooru 560 100
PES College of Pharmacy, Bengalooru- 560 050.
7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:
Collection of Plant: Leaves of Trigonella foenum Graecum will be collected and
authenticated by the Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bengalooru.
Extraction: Extraction will be done by using different solvents, Preliminary identification
by TLC.
Isolation of Markers The markers will be isolated from the suitable extracts by various
chromatographic techniques.
Purity determination and Characterization: The isolated markers will be characterized
by various methods such as TLC, HPLC, G.C., M.P. and by spectroscopic methods such as
UV, NMR, IR, MASS Spectroscopy.
Quantification and Standardization: The extracts will be quantified with respect
to the isolated markers and standardized by using analytical methods such as
HPTLC/HPLC.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION TO
BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR ANIMLAS?
-NO-
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM
YOU’RE INSTITUTION IN CASE OF 7.3?
-Not applicable-
Bibliography:
1. Anchalee S, Catherine FJ, Alan BR, Thomson., Tapan BK. The modifying effects
of galactomannan from canadian grown fenugreek on the glycemic and lipidemic
status in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr,. 2008(43):167–74.
2. Asmena M, Alauddin M, Atiar RM, Kabir A. Antihyperglycemic effect of
trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seedextract in alloxan-induced diabetic
rats and its use in diabetes mellitus: a brief qualitative phytochemical and acute
toxicity test on the extract. afroethnomednet. 2009;6(3):255-61.
3. Chris P, Brandon B, Cliffa F, Bill C, Darryn W, Richard K, et al. The effects of a
commercially
available
botanical
supplement
on
strength,
body
composition,power output, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010;7(34):1-9.
4. Grant RJS, Mary EE, Cathryn DA, Catherine S, Michael GJ. Tobacco Transgenic
Lines That Express Fenugreek Galactomannan Galactosyltransferase
Constitutively Have Structurally Altered Galactomannans in Their Seed
Endosperm Cell Walls. American Society of Plant Biologists. 2003;131:1487–95.
5. Jean B. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry Of Medicinal Plants.
6. Kannappan S, Anuradha CV. Insulin sensitizing actions of fenugreek seed
polyphenols, quercetin & metformin in a rat model. Indian J Med Res.
2009(129):401-08.
7. Maleppillil VV, Sandeep S, Rishi RC, Manoj KB. The hypoglycaemic activity of
fenugreek seed extract is mediated through the stimulation of an insulin signalling
pathway. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 41–48. 2005(146):41-8.
8. Manisha M, Priyanjali D, Jayant L, Saroj G, Thomas PAD. Indian Herbs and
Herbal Drugs Used for the Treatment of Diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr,.
2007(40):163-73.
9. Mayumi I, Tomoyuki K, Yoshikatsu S, Kazunaga Y. Effects of Fenugreek seeds
Extract on Endurance Capacity in Mice J Clin Biochem Nutr,. 2006(52):287-92.
10. Mohammad RS, Asia T, Moorthy K, Mohd EH, Basir SF, Najma ZB.
Amelioration of altered antioxidant status and membrane linked functions by
vanadium and Trigonella in alloxan diabetic rat brains. J Biosci 2005;30(4):483–
90.
11. Palaniswamy M, Pradeep BV, Sathya R, Angayarkanni J. In Vitro Anti-plasmodial
Activity of Trigonella foenum–graecum L. Advance Access Publication.
2010;7(4).
12. Prajapati. A HANDBOOK OF MEDICINAL PLANTS.
13. Rakhee DS, Meena DL, Lal BC, Prabhakar KR, Vidya SG. Assessment of genetic
diversity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea using ISSR and
RAPD markers. BMC Plant Biology. 2004;4(13):1-11.
14. Sreeja S, Anju VS, Sreeja S. In vitro estrogenic activities of fenugreek Trigonella
foenum graecum seeds. Indian J Med Res. 2010;131:814-19.
15. Subramanian K, Nalini R, Palani G, Elango V, Carani VA. fenugreek (trigonella
foenum graecum) seed extract prevents ethanol-induced toxicity and apoptosis in
chang liver cells. Advance Access publication. 2006;41(3):267–73.
16. Toshiaki H, Kohji Y, Yoshikatsu S, Kazunaga Y. The hypoglycaemic activity of
fenugreek seed extract is mediated through the stimulation of an insulin signalling
pathway. BiosciBiotechnolBiochem. 2005;69(6):1186-88.
17. Uma Nath T, Deepak C. The plant extracts of Momordica charantia and Trigonella
foenum graecum have antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties for cardiac
tissue during diabetes mellitus. Landes Bioscience. 2009;2(5):290-6.
18. Umesh CSY, Moorthy K, Najma ZB. Effects of sodium orthovandate and
trigonella foenum graecum seeds on hepatic and renal lipogenic enzymes and lipid
profile during alloxan diabetes. J BIOSCI. 2004;29(1): 81–91.
08.
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
09.
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
RAVI KUMAR K.S
(RAVI KUMAR K.S.)
10.
REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
11.
11. 1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
THEGUIDE
K.GIRIJA
ASST. PROFESSOR ,
DEPT. OF PHARMACOGNOSY
P.E.S. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
BENGALOORU-560 050.
11. 2 SIGNATURE
11. 3 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dr. K.LAKSHMAN
11. 4 SIGNATURE
12.
12.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL
12.2 SIGNATURE
Prof. Dr. S.MOHAN