EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF
ANIMAL PROTEIN BY PLANT PROTEIN ON
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
ADITI DEY MAU
Roll No. 0214/02
Registration No. 188
Session: 2014-2015 (July-December)
A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Animal and Poultry Nutrition
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh
DECEMBER 2015
i
Authorization
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of the thesis. I also authorize the Chittagong
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) to lend this thesis to other
institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize the
CVASU to reproduce the thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part,
at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research.
I, the undersigned, and author of this work, declare that the electronic copy of this
thesis provided to the CVASU library, is an accurate copy of the print thesis
submitted, within the limits of the technology available.
The Author
December, 2015
ii
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF
ANIMAL PROTEIN BY PLANT PROTEIN ON
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
ADITI DEY MAU
Roll No. 0214/02
Registration No. 188
Session: 2014-2015 (July-December)
This is to certify that we have examined the above Master’s thesis and have
found that is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that all revisions
required by the thesis examination committee have been made
----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
(Prof. Dr. Goutam Buddha Das)
Supervisor
(DR. Mukti Barua)
Co-Supervisor
-------------------------------------------(Md. Emran Hossain)
Chairman of the Examination Committee
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh
DECEMBER 2015
iii
iv
Acknowledgement
Firstly, the author would like to convey her deepest sense of gratitude to “The
Almighty” who makes her enable to complete the research work and dissertation
successfully.
Secondly, the author would like to express her foremost heartiest appreciation,
deepest sense of gratitude and best regards to the supervisor, Dr. Goutam Buddha
Das, Professor, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary
and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The author really deems it a proud to do a
research work under his constructive, useful and effective supervision.
The author feel much pleasure to express the profound thanks to co-supervisor, DR.
Mukti Barua, lecturer, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, CVASU for her
help regarding statistical analysis, valuable advice and scholastic guidance.
The author also takes privilege to acknowledge Md. Emran Hossain, Associate
Professor and head, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, CVASU for his
support to overcome any problem.
The author acknowledges to all lab technicians and supporting staffs, Department of
Animal Science and Nutrition, CVASU for their help during research work in the
shed and Animal Nutrition Laboratory, CVASU.
At last but not least the author is forever indebted and grateful to her beloved parents
and all family members for their immense sacrifice, blessings and encouragement
throughout the entire period of academic life.
The Author
v
Table of contents
Chapters
Page
No
Acknowledgements
v
List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
x
List of Abbreviations
xi
Abstract
xii
Chapter 1
Introduction
1-2
Chapter 2
Review of literature
3-11
Chapter 3
2.1
Protein in broiler nutrition
3
2.2
Sources of protein for broiler
4
2.3
Sources of animal protein
4
2.4
Constrains of animal protein
4-5
2.5
Sources of plant protein
5-6
2.6
Constrains of plant protein
6-7
2.7
Meat and bone meal
7-8
2.8
Protein concentrate
8
2.9
Soybean meal
8-9
2.9.1
Way to overcome limitations of soybean
meal in poultry diets
9-10
2.10
Partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein
10-11
2.11
Conclusion of the review of literature
Materials and methods
11
12-22
3.1
Study area
12
3.2
Preparation of poultry shed
12
3.3
Experimental design
3.4
Collection of day-old chicks
13
3.5
Collection of Soybean Meal, Meat and
13
12-13
Bone Meal and Protein Concentrate
3.6
Feeding Standard
vi
13
Chapters
Page
No
Chapter 4
3.7
Feed formulation and feeding diets
14-15
3.8
Managemental procedure
15-17
3.8.1
Brooding of the chicks
15
3.8.2
Maintaining room temperature
16
3.8.3
Brooder and cage spaces
16
3.8.4
Feeder and drinker spaces
16
3.8.5
Method of feeding, watering and lighting
16
3.8.6
Litter management
17
3.8.7
3.8.8
Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis
medication
Bio-security/Sanitation
3.9
Record keeping
18
3.9.1
Body weight
18
3.9.2
Feed intake
18
3.9.3
Mortality
18
3.10
Calculation of data
18
3.10.1
Body weight gain
18
3.10.2
Feed intake
18
3.10.3
Feed conversion (FC)
18
3.10.4
Mortality
18
3.11
Evaluation of carcass traits
19
3.12
Chemical analysis of meat
19
3.13
Cost-benefit analysis
19
3.14
Study design & statistical analysis
20
3.15
Picture gallery related to methodology
or
17
17
21-22
Results
23-33
4.1
23-24
4.2
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly feed intake (FI) of
broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly body weight (BW) of
broilers
vii
24-26
Chapters
Page
No
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Chapter 5
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly live weight gain (BWG)
of broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly feed conversion (FC) of
broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on carcass characteristics of broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on protein and fat content of meat of
broiler
Cost-benefit analysis
Discussion
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
27-28
28-30
31-32
32
33
34-37
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly feed intake (FI) of
broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly body weight (BW) of
broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly live weight gain (BWG)
of broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on weekly feed conversion (FC) of
broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on carcass characteristics of broilers
Effect of partial replacement of animal protein by
plant protein on protein and fat content of meat of
broiler
Cost-benefit analysis
34
34-35
35
36
36-37
37
37
Chapter 6
Conclusion
38
Chapter 7
Recommendations and future perspectives
39
References
40-46
Appendices
47-50
Brief biography of the author
viii
51
List of Tables
Tables
Name of the table
Page
No.
3.3.a
Layout of the experiment
13
3.7.a
Feed ingredients of the experimental broiler ration
14
3.7.b
Chemical composition of the experimental broiler ration
15
3.8.2.a
Temperature schedule maintained in the house
16
3.8.7.a
Schedule of vaccination practiced during experimental period
17
3.8.7.b
Schedule of chemo prophylaxis/medication
17
Weekly feed intake of broilers among different dietary
treatment groups
Cumulative feed intake of broilers between different dietary
treatment groups
23
Weekly body weight of broilers between different dietary
treatment groups
Cumulative body weight of broilers between different dietary
treatment groups
Weekly live weight gain of broilers between dietary treatment
groups
24
Cumulative live weight gain of broilers between different
dietary treatment groups
Weekly feed conversion (FC) of broilers between different
dietary treatment groups
27
Cumulative feed conversion (FC) of broilers in different
dietary treatment groups
Final body weight, eviscerated weight and dressing percentage
of broilers among different dietary treatment groups at 28th day
of age
29
Weight of primal parts and internal edible offals of broilers
among different dietary treatment groups at 28th day of age
31
4.6
Estimated protein and fat content of meat of broiler
32
4.7
Cost- benefit analysis between two different treatment groups
33
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.5.1
4.5.2
ix
24
25
27
28
31
List of Figures
Figures
Name of the figure
Page
No
1
Box brooding of DOC
21
2
Mixing of feed ingredients
21
3
Vaccination
21
4
Broilers in cage rearing system
21
5
Weighing of broilers
21
6
Evaluation of carcass traits
22
7
Estimation of crude protein
22
8
Estimation of ether extract
22
4.2.a
Boxplot of body weight of broiler between two different
dietary groups at the end of 4th week
26
4.4.a
Boxplot of feed conversion of broiler between two different
dietary groups at the end of 4th week
30
x
List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Elaboration
°F
Degree Fahrenheit
et al.
And his associates
etc.
Et cetera
FC
Feed Conversion
gm
Gram
kg
Kilogram
Wt.
Weight
gm
Gram
Kcal/Kg
Kilocalorie per kilogram
ME
Metabilizable Energy
CP
Crude protein
EE
Ether extract
AP
Animal protein
VP
Vegetable protein
CRD
Completely randomized design
CY
Carcass yield
ANOVA
Analysis of variance
NS
Non significant
SEM
Standard error of mean
<
Less than
>
Greater than
%
Per cent
Ctg.
Chittagong
CVASU
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal
Sciences University
MS
Master of Science
Sq. Ft.
Square Feet
DOC
Day old chick
Tk.
Taka
BWG
Body weight gain
BW
Body weight
xi
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the impact of plant protein instead of animal protein
in diet of broilers. One hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed
into two dietary treatment groups having 50 birds in each which were further
distributed into five replicates. One dietary treatment group was fed on both plant and
animal protein diet (soybean meal, meat and bone meal, protein concentrate); another
treatment group was fed on solely plant protein diet (soybean meal). Chicks were
reared under similar care and management conditions for twenty eight days and their
diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Results of the experiment showed that feed
consumption of chicks on plant protein diet was significantly higher (P<0.05) than
that of the plant and animal protein combined diet from 0 - 4th week. In body weight,
significant difference (P<0.05) was found from 0 - 4th week and plant protein group
attained higher body weight than that of combined diet group. Body weight gain of
birds of plant protein group was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of animal
protein group during 1st and 2nd week. No significant difference (P>0.05) in body
weight gain was found during 3rd and 4th weeks of age between the treatment groups;
however, plant protein group showed numerically higher body weight gain than that
of combined diet group. Plant protein group showed numerically better feed
conversion than animal protein treatment group from 0 - 4th week but it was found not
significant (P>0.05) statistically. Furthermore, animal protein free diet significantly
(P<0.05) reduced abdominal fat accumulation in broiler. There was found significant
(P<0.05) difference in case of crude protein (CP) content of meat where it was higher
in plant protein group than that of the animal protein group. From the economic
perspective, the plant protein dietary group generated more profit than that of animal
protein dietary group and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The results of this
study imply that plant protein could partially replace the animal protein in ration of
the broiler without any adverse effect on their performance.
(Key Words: Plant protein, Replacement, Animal protein, Abdominal fat)
xii
xiii
xiv