Linköping University
Reinventing research and education
Avoiding Unintentional Pitfalls of
Academic Honesty
(at least 45 minutes)
[email protected]
Linköping University Library
Aims with todays lecture!
• To know what plagiarism is - and how to
avoid doing it
• To understand the principles of referencing and how to do it properly
• Where to get help and further information on
both of these issues
When in doubt – ASK!
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How does Academic Honesty affect your
writing?
Academic Honesty = an attitude toward
research and academic studies
Cite & refer: why?
• Giving credit to the original author
• Strengthen your arguments
• Increase your credibility
• Make it possible to verify information
• Avoid plagiarism
• The increasing frequency of massive hurricanes and storms are
due to the emission of greenhouse gases [*].
* add reference to a source or own empirical data!
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Plagiarism: What is it?
”Plagiarism is passing off someone else’s work,
whether intentionally or unintentionally, as your own for
your own benefit.”
Carroll, J. (2002) A Handbook for Deterring Plagiarism in Higher Education (Oxford Brookes
University)
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”Someone else´s work” ?
• Includes physical people, companies, the internet,
paper writing services, ghostwriters…
• Text, numbers, figures, tables…
• Directly copied, paraphrased, modified…
• Written, spoken…
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QUIZ
Is it plagiarism if you...
1. Copy and paste a paragraph of text from a web site without enclosing it in
quotation marks and referencing the source?
2. Use the ideas of another author without providing a reference, even if you write
them in your own words?
3. Claim work produced by another student as your own?
4. Copy a diagram or data table from a web site, providing a reference for the
source underneath?
5. Submit all or part of one essay for two separate assignments?
6. Copy words from a book into your own work, but place quotation marks around
them and provide a citation?
7. Include a fact or saying in your assignment which is generally known without
providing a reference?
8. Incorporate text from another source, changing one or two words and providing a
citation?
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http://www.bibl.liu.se/upphovsratt-och-plagiering
It really happens….
German Defence Minister Guttenberg resigns over
thesis, 1 Mars 2011.
(www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12608083)
LiU researcher resigned recently because of articles
with plagiarized content, 20 May 2013.
(http://www.corren.se/ostergotland/linkoping/forskningsfusk-upptackt-pa-liu-6396913-artikel.aspx)
Disciplinary committee deals with cases involving
students
Plagiarism: How to avoid it?
-Cite & refer!
• in-text citations and bibliography
• Output styles
• Oxford, Harvard, Vancouver
• Consistency & correct!
Cite & refer: How?
In-text citations!
Paraphrasing
• Read the text!
• Understand the meaning of the text!
• Explain it with your own words!
Example in Harvard:
According to the British Professor of Cultural Studies,
Paul Wells (2000, p. 10), a key theme in the horror
genre is the breakdown of the socio-historical
structures of society.
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Use references: Quotation
In-text citations!
• Use with care!
• Use especially when you want to refer to a
formulation that is impressive or innovative!
Example in Vancouver:
In his dissertation, Gorschek discusses the concept of
requirements prioritization. The main objective of this
process is to prioritize customers’ requirements in order
to be able to “deliver the right product to the market at
the right time and thus selling and generating
revenues” [1, p.24].
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Cite & refer
In-text citations!

Oxford (Footnotes)
Lake points out that a division began in the latter half of the
nineteenth century with the doctrine of ‘separate spheres’.1
Footnote:
1 M Lake, ‘Intimate strangers’ in Making a Life: a People’s History of
Australia Since 1788, V. Burgman and J. Lee (eds), Penguin, Victoria,
1988, p. 155.
Footnote same source:
2 ibid. p. 157.
Secondary Sources!
… “it is always cheaper to pay labour its full value. Labour
underpaid is always more expensive” (Nightingale, 1869, cited in
Moberg, 2007, p. 16).
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Paraphrasing – rewrite it with your own words!
• You will now work with an exercise “are these
references correct?“
• Read the original text and the two student texts
• Are the references correct?
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What is missing?
- The importance of creating correct reference lists!
Reference list!
Example: Harvard
Bernstein, D.A., Psychology
Cuhadar, E., & Dayton, B. (2011). The social psychology of identity
and inter-group conflict: From theory to practice. International
Studies Perspectives
http://www.thinking.ep.liu.se/thinking2009/default.asp?MOVIE=01_
Peter_Gardenfors.flv
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What is missing?
- The importance of creating correct reference lists!
Reference list!
Bernstein, D. A. (2011). Psychology. Belmont, Calif. : Andover:
Wadsworth ; Cengage Learning
Cuhadar, E., & Dayton, B. (2011). The social psychology of identity
and inter-group conflict: From theory to practice. International
Studies Perspectives, 12(3), 273-293.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.15283585.2011.00433.x/full [2013-09-11]
Gärdenfors, Peter (2009). Visualisering: inre och yttre [Video].
Visualisering som förändringskraft! Den 5 februari 2009: Tema:
Lärande:http://www.thinking.ep.liu.se/thinking2009/default.asp?MO
VIE=01_Peter_Gardenfors.flv [2013-03-05]
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How do you use material on Internet?
- One solution is a Creative Commons license
Creativecommons.org, Creativecommons.se
Four limitations
There are 6 different CC- licenses!
Always give attribution!
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•
Attribution
•
Attribution, Non-Commercial
•
Attribution, No Derivatives
•
Attribution, Share Alike
•
Attribution, Non-Commercial,
Share Alike
•
Attribution, Non-Commercial,
No Derivatives
Search Creative Commons!
• http://search.creativecommons.org
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Refer to CC licenses!
Picture: Red Tulip, http://steinbring.net/2012/photo-per-day-redtulip/sony-dsc-126/ by: Joe Steinbring, licence: Creative Commons (BYNC-SA).
Saves your time!
Import
References directly
Insert references directly
from…
into your text
Databases
Create reference lists directly
in your document
Library catalouges
Internet
Whats out there?
References!
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Avoid Plagiarism - Cite & refer!
- Resources at LiU!
Cite & refer!
•
Linköping University Library. Citation styles. http://www.bibl.liu.se/citera-ochreferera/citeringsteknik?l=en
•
Linköping University Library. RefWorks. http://www.bibl.liu.se/RefWorks.
Copyright and Plagiarism!
•
Linköping University Library. Copyright and plagiarism.
http://www.bibl.liu.se/upphovsratt-och-plagiering?l=en
Academic English Support at Linköping University
•
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Linköping University http://www.liu.se/ikk/aes?l=en&sc=true
Avoid Plagiarism - Cite & refer!
• Carroll, Jude, Zetterling, Carl-Mikael, (2009), Guiding students
away from plagiarism, KTH Learning Lab,
http://people.kth.se/~ambe/KTH/Guidingstudents.pdf
• Blekinge Institute of Technology, The easy guide to referencing,
http://tuba.bth.se/stora/Writing/reference/
• Murray, Rowena, (2006), The handbook of academic writing : a
fresh approach, Open University Press
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Avoid Plagiarism - Cite & refer!
• Umeå University Library, Writing References - Oxford System
http://www.ub.umu.se/en/write/references/writing-referencesoxford
• Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia,
Harvard Style guide
http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/studyhelp/harvard_style.html
• National Library of Medicine, USA, Vancouver system
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
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www.liu.se