From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
Normal
An
By
LTHOUGH
nodes
AN
of human
and
mammalian
origin
has
have
recently
electron
In
have
several
the
rat
and
cells
by
cell
Han,4
The
for
descriptions
of
lines
from
cell
types
I ‘i’1111)h
nodt’s
to
light
were
tissue
nucroscopv.
l)r’I)1lr’1
lymph
were
node
Fresh
fine
were
fixed
1 cii.
non.
fixative
fluid.
Following
Sl)ecinlens
were
and
epoxy
per
cent
the
lymph
Granboula&
in
the
lym-
development
of
been
human
by
the
offered
for
Bernhard
further
and
ultrastructural
lymph
node
node
containing
human
have
human
nodes
as
a basis
cells.
METHODS
undergoing
surger%
pathologic
nodes
to
conditions
when
from
15
not
examined
by
inclivi(luals
All nodes
were
correlate
sex
or
examination.
made
for
changes.
L’mph
study.
wa5
lymph
atlas
and
the
provide
lymph
patients
this
minutes
812
cut
followed
anti
to
either
the
Sections
were
al)donhinal.
l)1tient
age
lead
were
( about
of
or
citrate
tissue
5
most
with
C.
)
stain
30
the
propylene
sections
and
cent
approx-
hours,
and
with
for
1 per
2
for
Thin
microtome
stained
with
into
tetroxide-based
alcohol
Luft.7
LKB
usually
stained
the light
the
osmium
absolute
method
were
Reynokl’s
with
cutting
Caulfield’s
in
a Servall
thickness,
examined
by
of
teniperature
according
with
by
in
drops
temperature
room
microscope.
1 micron
borax
aqueous
at
EPON
studs’
a few
refrigerator
at
were
electron
al)out
microscopic
under
dehydrated
in
3-C
5
in
electron
while
nodes
sections.
for
normal
Granboulan1
development
cell
to
showing
nlicroscOpic
attenll)t
fixation
eInl)edded
for
for
rapidly
EMU
acetate
thick
14(1(1k
Nodes
included
blocks
emi)edde(l
RCA
an
from
cell
for
and
AND
and
normal
structure.
nodes
iinatelv
oxide
not
Bernhard
primitive
altered
disease.
for light
anti
electron
lower
abdonlen.
No
the
from
ol)taine(l
lvmphoicl
pathological
of
of
pathologically
MATERIALS
related
and
electron
of
an
cells,
schemes
undertaken
the
of human
published
node
Moe,
on
ultrastructure
Bernhard
have
normal
by
was
several
with
attention.
ultrastructure
a single
mouse
sttidy
the
for comparison
less
Similar
SIEGEL
accumtilated
the
interpretation
lines.
the
present
has
nodes,
lymph
cell
V.
the
from
Cells:
Study
BENJAMIN
Leplus
describing
plasma
lmphoid
Leplus.3
on
a diagrammatic
and
Node
literature
received
of
to
presented
AND
lymph
Bernhard
addition
phocytic
BROOKS
reported
micrographs
nodes.
Lymph
Microscopic
EXTENSIVE
of
Granhoulan2
cells,
E.
ROBERT
microscopy
and
Human
Electron
of
the
examined
aqueous
in
uranyl
seconds.
Adjacent
toluidine
blue
in
microscope.
OBSERVATIONS
It was
noted
chromatin
ill
the
course
aggregation
From
tile
of this
provided
Department
Pathology,
of
study
that
useful
the
form
features
University
and
for
of
degree
of
identifying
nuclear
the
Oregon
Medical
School,
Service
Research
Grant
normal
Portland,
Oregon.
This
from
work
the
First
submitted
Rol;Ewr
Medical
sity
of
was
National
E.
School.
Oregon
supported
Cancer
May
in
4, 1965;
accepted
MS.:
lnstructor,
BllooKs,
BENJAMIN
Medical
part
by
Public
Health
CA
05884
Institute.
V.
SIEGEL,
for
publication
Department
PH.D.:
Professor,
Sept.
of
25,
1965.
Pathology,
University
Department
of
of
Pathology,
Oregon
Univer-
School.
687
BLooI,
Voi..
27,
No.
5 (MAY).
1986
1
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
688
BROOKS
Fig.
1.-Low
Reticular
a plasma
magnification
celis
cell
endoplasmic
l
the
lymph
electron
contrast
sections
At
cvtes,
reticular
(HG),
illustration
l nipiiocvtes
and
of
( L)
normal
is recognized
b’ the characteristic
Au
extravascular
redl
blood
cells.
< 5500.
node
node
To
cells.
microscopic
of
the
with
relativel’
plaslila
cells
take
advantage
of these’
examination
nuclear
uranvl
low
cells,
are
were
material
acetate
electron
anti
primarily
and
was
lead
microscopic
niacrophages
recognized
cut
(RBC)
identifying
enhanced
node
is
than
by
cells.
among
present
features,
thicker
SIEGEL
section.
The
tip of
of rough-surfaced
abundance
cell
slightly
further
lymph
this
in
(PC)
reticllltlln.
mph
human
pretloiniiiate
AND
sections
tisual,
and
for
the
the
double-staining
citrate.
magnifications,
are
by
reticular
distinguishable
the
irregtilar,
cells,
(Figs.
usually
impho1-3).
elongated
The
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NORMAL
HUMAN
Fig.
In
2.-Low
addition
noted
onl’
usually
shape
to
devoid
of
of
cells
of
wide
anti
which
anti
addition
cellular
their
nuclear
to
the
elements,
nuclei,
the
Plasma
of nuclear
hemoc
by
rounded
cells
can
which
tohiasts
node
are
processes
These
seen.
cells.
(MAC)
round
i)e
(PR),
processes
are
thin band
of chromatin
at the
lymphocytic
cells have
nonmarcells
are
recognized
by the abun-
the
in
at the
comprise
(Fig.
lymph
macrophages
numerous,
reticulum
chromatin
human
(BC),
cells,
and
more
chromatin.
above
normal
cells
of the
endoplasmic
hand
of
reticular
been
labeled,
x 5500.
have
organelles.
rough-surfaced
irregular
and
many
In contrast,
denser
dance
illustration
(L),
Between
cell
689
CELLS
magnification
margin.
gmated,
In
tile
NODE
ls’mphocvtes
in this section.
the
largest
of
nticlear
node
LYMPH
4),
the
cytoplasm,
periphery
the
sinus
and
of the
majority
lining
of
cells
by
the
nucleus.
tile
(Figs.
lymph
5 and
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690
BROOKS
AND
SIEGEL
‘.4
.“
--
1
Fig.
3.-Low
magnification
macrophage
( MAC )
The c’toplasm
of the
sizes,
shapes,
and electron
A large
maturity.
ferent
6),
and
capillary
i)lOOd
magnifications.
a
‘
thill
rim
chromatin
contains
The
of
at
of
little
rough-surfaced
endoplasmic
what
in appearance,
depending
is a typical
cytoplasm
of
distribution
reticular
ing
space
this
space
The
free
this
cell,
cell
and
underlies
and
makes
nucleoli
the
together
it
the
the
Tile
reticulum.
The
sinus
their
location.
often
lining
The
cell
large.
cells.
collagen
cells
very
some-
in Figure
cells
form
6
attenuated
endothelium.
is similar
Reticular
vary
and
to
cells
and
shown
cell
A narrow,
reticuloendothelial
blast
cells
nucleus
appearance
and
nuclear
the
mitochondria,
elongated
in
of
low
at
nucleoli,
remaining
cytoplasm
few
The
indentifiable
1)rd)1nilient
nucleus.
abundant
similar
are
) are
nuclei,
reticuloendothelial
reticuloendothelial
with
of
7
(Fig.
large
i)ut
cell.
of the
phagocvtized
ribosomes,
tlOfl
reticuloendothelial
chromatin
the
edge
lymph
node
cells.
various
stages
of
niaterials
of dif-
at
5700.
cells
the
normal
human
l’mphoctes
contains
X
have
distributed.
number
by
densities.
endothelial
chromatin
of
niacrophage
hemocvtoblasts
is evenly
a large
illustration
stirrounded
is
The
to that
found
in
fibril-containlie
adjacent
a wall
separat-
to
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
NORMAL
hUMAN
Fig.
A
4.-Low
NODE
illustration
heniocvtoblasts
(L).
(HB)
The
cvtoplasmic
691
CELLS
magnification
of
group
lymphocytes
and
x
LYMPh
are
hemocvtoblast
size,
and
b’
of
normal
b’
is characterized
abundance
of
the
human
surrounded
by
free
lymph
cells
reticular
its
large
node
cells.
(RC)
and
nuclear,
in
rihosomes
nucleolar,
tile
c’toplasm.
5100.
ing
the
the
sinus
ately
nodular
lining
adjacent
joined,
01W
cytoplasm.
cells
from
cells
differ
to
to
the
lining
ance.
The
trahectilar
cells
thick
of collagen
fibers
the
have
which
tile
which
parenchvmatous
In
the
above
in
connective
a
greatly
bridge
may
sinus.
the
tissue
gap
cells,
he
one
subcapsular
that
or
portion
the
intermediate
layers
of
immediare
relatively
between
are
two
region,
those
layer
attenuated,
the
reticuloendothelial
cells,
into
the
from
subcapsular
alld
cells,
and
within
somewhat
other,
the
Trahectilar
sinus
those
thick,
the
node.
closely
empty
suhcapsular
in
follow
Neither
appeara core
the
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692
BRoOKS
AND
sIE(;EL
Fig.
5.-Low
magnification
illustration
of normal
human
lymph
node
cells.
A portion
of a sinus
is shown
lined
b’ a reticuloendothelial
cell
(RE).
Within
the
lumen
(LU)
of the sinus, lymphocytes
(L)
as well
as other
cell
types
are
found.
A reticular
cell
( RC) , oriented
in the
same
direction
as the reticulOen(lothelial
cell,
Separates
tile pare11c’J1y1n1l cells
from the sinus
lining.
x 6800.
subcapsular
lining
cells
evidence
of phagocytosis.
are separated
from the
nor
tIle
trahecuiar
membrane
and
an
adjacent,
narrow
gen
and
fine
cellular
processes
fibrils
casionally
these
contain
cells
are
dark
capable
Ilemocytoblasts
tion
in Figure
cells
show
niuch,
connective
pleomorphic
of
material
tissue
fibroblasts.
in the
space
The
cytoplasm,
if
containing
endothelial
suggesting
any,
(Fig.
7)
basement
collacells
octhat
of phagocytosis.
are
8.
lining
The endothelial
cells of the blood
capillaries
surrounding
lymphoid
tissue
by a continuous
The
shown
in
hemocytohlast
Figure
4 and at somewhat
higher
magnificais a large
cell of irregular
outline.
The
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NORMAl.
HUMAN
LYMPh
NODE
693
CELI.S
Fig. 6.-Low
magnification
illustration
of normal
human
lymph
node
cells.
A portioui
of a subcapsular
sinus
and
lumen
( LU ) is shown
lined
b’ sinus-lining
cells
(SL)
and trabecular
(T)
cells. The sinus-lining
cells,
adjacent
to the subcapsular connective
tissue
spilce
(SCT),
appear
‘er’
similiar
to
capillary
endothelial
cells,
while
the trabecular
cells appear
more
like retictiloendothelial
cells.
x 7700.
large
nucleus
ribosomes
Few
in
has
marginated
the
cytoplasm
mitochondria
The
or other
lymphoblast
somewhat
smaller
more
dense
than
aggregation.
hemocytohlast
Lymphocytes
(Fig.
cell
(Figs.
nucleoli
and
are
is similar
to
tend
are
to
free
The
prolliilieflt.
aggregate
in
groups.
present.
the
hemocytoblast,
although
it
is a
a more
rounded
shape.
The nuclear
chromatin
hemocytoblast
and shows
little
tendency
towards
are
usually
both
cells
10 and
ntimerous
organdIes
9)
cell having
that of the
Nucleoli
ill that
and
cliromatin
are
promitlent.
have
11)
few
vary
The
cytopiasmic
in
size
lymphohlast
is similar
is
to the
organdies.
and
appearance
according
to
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694
Fig.
An
7.-Low
membrane
and
their
maturity.
differs
from
more
thin
the
irregular
one
cytoplasm
illustration
of
normal
(EN)
lined
blood
capillary,
with
is separated
from
the parenchvmal
(LU).
lumell
at
magnification
endothelial
connective
of
and
space.
The cell shown
in Figure
lymphohiast
in that
the
in shape,
side
tissue
the
cell.
nucleoplasm
and
In
the
ctoplasmic
comparison
of
the
small
human
a red blood
lymphocytes
BROOKS
AND
lymph
node
cell
(L)
SIEGEL
cells.
(RBC)
in the
by a basement
x 7900.
10
cell
is a medium-sized
is smaller
organdies
are
with
the medium
lymphocyte
lymphocyte.
in size,
(Fig.
the
nucleus
It
is
grouped
together
lymphocyte,
the
11)
are
noticeably
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NORMAL
HUMAN
more
dellse.
phocyte.
Also,
NODE
The
as
mity
with
curs
in the
The
well
the
in
may
Membranous
in
he
as centrioles,
are
prominent
the
or
vesicular
found
Little
both
smooth
alid
mitochondria.
small
in
and
irregular
and
components
in these
cells
rough-surfaced
the
small
medium
lym-
lympho-
occasionally
of
grouped
the
in
endoplasmic
is
Golgi
close
approxi-
reticulum
oc-
lymphocytes.
mature
rough-surf
is more
noted
membrane
indented.
paratus,
aggregation
is usually
Iluclear
markedly
695
CELLS
chromatin
A nucleolus
cyte.
cally
LYMPH
the
cell,
plasma
(Fig.
endoplasmic
aced
cyto)plasm.
plasmic
reticulum
oped,
perinuciear
are
Golgi
12)
retictilum
The
filled
inner,
with
apparatus
is easily
arranged,
frequently
homogeneous
is typically
by
identified
for
dilated,
gray
found
the
the
large
most
part,
cisternae
material.
in this
cell.
amount
concentri-
of the endoA well-develMitochondria
of
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696
BIU)OKS
.:‘.,,
“
“-
Fig.
9.-Lymphoblast.
This
cell
differs
only
slightly
froni
the
lvmphoblast
has
a more
regular
c’vtoplasniic
and
nuclear
outline.
density
of tile micleoplasm
has
increased.
Free
rii)osoines
preloniiivttt
hemocvtoblast.
ntinieroas
dense
round
The
the
in
reticular
Usually,
a cord
electron
the
iii
cvto-
be
the
macrophag’
the
macrophage
showing
contact
extend
is
niarginatioii
of
to
of chromatin.
of
shaped
with
the
and
‘ariahle-sized
often
elongated
cell
surrounds
has
a large
th’ cell
irregtilar
fibrils.
various
reticular
The
Colgi
or
or
amount
apparatus,
conof
and
granules.
cell,
collagen
the
shape.
reticular
a well-developed
is a large
between
similar
the
cytoplasm
irregularly
14)
in
is irregular
r’tictilum,
(Fig.
in close
13)
The
cytoplasm
location.
cytoplasm
fihrils.
dense,
sm all,
macrophiage
in this
( Fig.
the
endoplasmic
occasionally
not
of
of’ the
portions
cell
part
of collagen
rough-stirfaced
The
PeriPil(’ritl
also occur
granules
mattire
stellate.
may
‘Flie
>< 16,300.
P115hu1
tacts
‘t.
‘*
The
are
SIEGEL
ANI)
Long
lymph
cell, being
cytoplasm
in outline,
which
may
cvtopiasmic
cells.
iiocie
The
in
irregular
contains
or
of
nianv
nucleus
shape
mitochon-
of
aiid
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
NOH’IAL
Hl.’\IAN
LYMPh
apparatus
((A
(iria,
uiiicleuplasm,
)
dense
occur
distinguished
of
tilere
one
the
of the
side
large
irregular
nuclear
( MIT)
Colgi
and
alit1
nunierous
I)l(’o11i1-
origin.
l)C
hR)t
As
that
noteti
of
alniost
here,
15,
entirely
niast
the
seen
located
cell
rouiid
fill
are
((‘115
niast
the
niehiil)rane-l)othhlded,
centrally
round,
diescribed
Figure
in
retic’tiluiii
The
zone.
an
12,000.
i’cticuluni,
‘ill
eiidoplasrnic
Golgi
x
cell.
nullil)er
density’
little
has
iiii’leolus. \Iitochondria
cfldloplaSniic
of
electron
and
is a sniall
Few
cvtol)lasm.
in this
cell,
ntmcletis
is
grail-
although
colltains
large
aggregations.
Cell
to
ships
to
h
varying
chroniatin
cell
which
are
relationships
we
close
have
shown,
basement
l)aseIliellt
sions
on
with
1)0th
all
PR,
and
few
organel
are
are
plasma
together
which,
processes
labeled
nodes.
One
is illustrated
les. The
with
cell
the
tile
F’igure
blood
relation-
12, is
capillaries.
cells.
an
011
the
from
shows
many
cell body,
are
of
in
In
the
incomplete
endo-
continuotis
c’toplasmic
protru-
in
contact
intimate
lymphocytes.
particularly
seen
s’parated
slightly
The
niacrophages
Celltilar
lies
which
IlieIlii)rallc.
sides
lymph
which
pltsnit
cells
and
niacrophages
to
will be ringed
entirely
1w mature
plasma
cell is noted
to ai)ut directly
the
membrane
thelial
in
and
ihotedi,
of
a capillary
ihltistration
of int’rest
freqtientlv
association
Frequently,
contain
localized
a small
prol)al)lv
of lvsosonial
tlit’ 1)100(1
cells,
vhicIi
in ti
lymph
nodes.
to
mitochondria
esses,
and
thliOt1hlt
l)o(Iies,
addition
freo1uenth’
the
are
a IUOdel’dtt’
readily
iocvte
,
(ieu)Se
tiles
697
(‘LLI.S
lO.-
,.
outline,
pliic
In
NODE
in
Figures
major
numerous
2, 11,
in
the
14 and
coiistittients
are
lymph
llodes.
15. Most
fret’
of
ril)oSomes.
these
Such
proc-
processes
Undoubt-
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698
BROOKS
11.-Lymphocyte.
cvte,
except
This
both
(MIT),
Golgi
Several
cvtoplasmic
it
is
ctoplasm
and
are
centriole
(PR)
more
(CN)
from
to tile
similar
condensed.
cells
Mitochondria
side
at one
remain
other
j
are
lvmpho-
medium
seen
of
the
adjacent
cell.
to
the
12,000.
edly,
many
of the
section,
aI)1)ear
as
tends
to bear
this
cytoplasmic
lymphocyte
and
(GA)
processes
x
However,
small
nucleoplasm
apparatus
lymphocyte.
SIEGEL
A%’
_____
Fig.
AND
is
processes
are protrusions
isolated
bits of cytoplasm.
out,
since
most
processes
possible
blebs
which
that
some
of
have
been
pinched
the
from
adjacent
Examination
can be traced
processes
of
may
off from
cells,
which,
in
serial
sections
hack
to a cell.
actually
of
some
represent
the
lymph
node
cells.
DIscussIoN
The
part,
lymph
and
criteria
utilized
for
the
electron
node
development
Bernhard
and
have
substantiate
could
not,
trated
cells
several
were
compare
no
cells
stellate
evidence
which
in
similar
cells,
embedded
in
the
report
are
and
schematic
Bernhard
and
from
our
observations
cells
in large
1)ased,
systems
of
Granhoulan,’
which
any theory
of lymph
node
cell origin
confidence,
illustrate
a primitive
reticular
with
several
are
in this
identifications
by Han,4
Moe,5
Leplus.3
obtained
tively
identification
microscopic
given
on
We
cell
he
terms
outline
and
calling
them
methacrylate
and
assess
primitive
degree
reticular
quite
reticular
Moe’s
Moe5
primiti’e.
in
epoxy
of similarity.
posi-
development.
cell.
“nondifferentiated
appear
and
the
and
would
cells.
Since
resins,
Bernhard
We
Han4
has
illus-
cells.”
has
These
illtistrated
Han’s
tissues
it is difficult
and
Leplus3
to
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
NORMAL
Fig.
HUMAN
12.-Plasma
‘em-v
extensive
perinuclear
the
and
are
to
a
in
an
capillary
thin
close
layer
contact
NODE
cell.
development
Colgi
adjacent
of
LYMPH
The
of
apparatus
of
mature
plasma
the rough-surfaced
(CA)
endothelial
i)v
(EN)
basement
the
is
lined
membranes,
endothelial
with
699
CELLS
cytoplasm.
plasma
cell.
typical
cell
(PC)
is
endoplasmic
in
this
capillary,
a
A
separated
very
narrow
macrophage
X 18,500.
cell.
characterized
retictiltim
This
from
plasma
the
connective
(MAC)
b’
(ER).
and
cell
the
A
lies
lumen
(LU)
tissue
space,
other
cells
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700
BROOKS
Fig.
13.-Reticular
cell.
This
niatire
au eiOulgate(l
,iiic’leiis,
and
a priiiiiiouit
collagen
fibrils
( CF ) , Pitlufl\
enclosing
c’toplasni
of
this
reticula,’
cell
Golgi
apparatus
(GA)
have
presented
the
best
cells.
However,
the
most
large
not
amount
of
and
developed
vell
(collagenous)
trials.
These
although
froni
reticular
cilahlges
blast
iii
cells
network
vorkers
tlie’
(lid1
did
in the
not
(iisctiss
cells.
tiit’
lVili1)h
reactive
of
the
Moreover,
Ii0(le
of
cell.
would
tend
lymph
of
al)lh1l(lant
(ER),
or
more
doul)t
et
from
al,”
antigenic
primitive.
the
who
1)ritiiiti’’
the
of
am-
toll,
niacropiiages
‘Iio
have
stitutulatioti,
Also,
l’’’l.
studied
reticular
and
not
\Vo)rks
species
primitive
Fernando,#{176}’
iiia’v
has
IiiicrOscOl)e
several
a
it
puhilishedi
that
fibroblasts
cell
this
these
elec’troli
mention
retictilar
a relatively
vhietlier
Bairati
of
prihiiiti’e
contains
Although
to
nodes
following
cells
has
l)undle
reticultini
(Illestioll
From
of
and
Movat
cells
at the
work
illustrate
oievelopiwnt
of ral)hits
nodes-no)
reticular
tilt’
a
The
to l)e
these
would
identified
by
cytoplasm.
retictilum.
we
we
to
ehu(loplasnlie
endopiasmic’
from
our own
experience
reticular
cell has l)een
positively
This conclusion
is strengthened
shape,
in
is close
its
considered
depicted
the
irregular
SIEGEL
12,000.
nevertheless
and
reticular
).
is
cell
b
I)undle
of cells
clearly
towards
cell
‘I’iie
rough-surfaced
( CN
pictures
cell,
along
the
contains
centriole
rough-surfaced
a fully mature
be
‘o’tic’iular
nucleolus.
AND
in
studied
saw
a prior
only
study,
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
NORMAL
Fig.
a
hUMAN
LYMPH
14.-Macrophage.
large,
often
extensions
pat
intiniatelv
involved
from
cvtoplasuii.
x
saino’
Iymf)hOid
Although
the
mature
neighl)oring
( MIT),
extensions
macrophage
From
nucleus.
between
the
dense
ptss
cells,
is
the
cells.
pleoniorphic,
in
other
701
CELLS
The
indented,
mitochondria
the
NODE
of
ait
often
a
large
cell
The
cell
body,
of
cytoplasm
bodies,
the
phagocvtosis.
irregular
Processes
in
).
or
to)
addition
which
(LY),
(PR
with
cvtoplasmic
contains,
lvsosomes
or totally enclosed
partially
shape
narrow
long.
are
cvtoplasmic
liv macrophage
15.500.
authors’
could
tint
identif
a priniiti’e
reticular
cell
iii
iiorinal
ral)bit
of
identification,
relatively
large
tissue.
the
primitive
reticular
cell
reticular
is
usually
cell
easih’
may
present
recognized.
problems
This
cell,
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702
BROOKS
Fig.
15.-Mast
granules,
cell.
about
0.5-1
memi)ralle-enclOSed
Few
with
organelles
clumping.
12,000.
and
large
a large
in
irreguiarily
nucleolus,
cell
cell
is
diameter,
in
electron
occur
in
the
cell.
irregular
always
follow
has extensions
and surround
hears
some
The
( PR )
nucleus
is typically
resemblance
fill
round
are
showing
to
the
lated
with
cells
many
which
cell
we
types,
have
we
illustrated
have
and
nucleus
The
cell
The
strticttire.
appreciable
to
the
may
be
elongated
or
which
pass l)etween
fibrils.
The mature
h)ut
the
reticular
cell
zone.
Both
endoplasmic
active
organ
and
reticulum.
well-popu-
similar
mast
and
chromatin
perinuclear
relatively
are
dense
internal
adjacent
cytoplasm
of collagen
SIEGEL
cytoplasm.
shows
noted
fibroblast,
observed
as such
numerous
the
marginated
in shape.
of the
cords
the
of
shape,
differs
mainly
in having
more
cytoplasm
in the
types show abundant,
well-developed,
rough-surfaced
Although
the normal
human
lymph
node
is an
The
most
density,
1rocesses
shaped
b’
characterized
which
‘ar’
Cvtoplasmic
stellate,
hut almost
other
cells or which
reticular
niast
granules
cytoplasmic
chromatin
cell.
x
The
micron
AND
few
cell
hemocytohlasts.
in appearance
to those
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
NORMAL
HUMAN
shown
LYMPH
Bernhard
by
Fernando1#{176}
antigenic
Both
free
and
considered
hut Movat
uniform
and
and
nuclear
chromatin
various
The
investigators
al)undance
of
chromatin
think
Movat
this
and
On
indicate
that
the
into
a plasma
with
endothelial
like
good
Subcapsular
shows
which
These
cytoplasm
been
although
their
of the
within
and
digestion
scribed,’5”6
at
the
by
the
the
characteristic
an
immature
uncertainty
of
the
of
cells
and
literature
immunohlast,
have
been
which
described
of
of
the
to
in turn
capsular
phagocytosis
and
show
cells,
only
follows
the
tend
node.
charmanner
of collagen
fibers.
Yamada
the
to be
the
in the
Fresen,’3
and
reticular
thinner
cells,
than
those
by the lysosomes
function
in the
has
materials
pleomorphic
endothelial-
endothelial
cords
by
reticulo-
of
particularly
well-illustrated
several
The
portion
side
phagocytized
by
cells.
parenchymatous
processes
as
well
cell.
cells
cited
macrophage
is most easily
identified
These
cytopiasmic
organelles,
whose
these
occurs
plasma
reticular
and
morphology
and
and
it is primarily
which
mature
stage.
reticular
cytoplasmic
in
recognized
since
and Leplus,3
as well as by others.
are, on the whole,
larger
cells
than
The
and
among
the
between
to the
node
the
resemble
sequestration
appear
of
evidence
properties
surrounds
numerous
reticular
cell.
the cytoplasm.
to
is within
studied
Yamagishi,’4
Bernhard
The
macrophages
relation
rise
lymph
typical
cells
have
identidense
illustrated
to make,
offered
give
as
it
their
cells
not
reticulum,
as well as the
a plasmablast
th
cells
Trabecular
this
they
via
its
when
sinus-lining
acteristics.
to find
agreement
mainly
cell,
agreement
by
) because
identification
may
of
reticular
primarily
easily
and
have
cells
Leplus’
Leplus
showed
reticular
cells which
have features
the cells are destined
to develop
into plasma
cells.
difficult
cell
node
cells.
very
reticulum
We
and
and
relatively
general
of these
are
plasmablast
contrary,
cells
cell
lining
with
to be
series
nucleus.
lymphocyte
remaining
workers
the
failed
the
containing
lymph
are
the
to
nucleus,
Policard
Bernhard
as by
appears
cell
or
Fernando”’
of
and
response
large
rosettes.
lymphocytes
morphology
plasma
is a very
cells.
a
cytoplasm
or
pictures
as well
the extent
and
form
of endoplasmic
in 1)0th the mature
reticular
cell
plasma
The
small
There
and
that
Movat
in
by
stimulation.
endoplasmic
Bernhard
indicating
that
develops
and
( proplasmacyte,
identification.
they consider
based
on
developed
and
shape,
in
appear
groups,
similar
medium
rough-surfaced
aggregation
cell
developed
size
of the
which
poorly
small
to what
develops
from
the primitive
unable
to make
such a derivation.
as to the
cells
cells
antigenic
distribution.
mattire
plasma
to
similar
characterized
somewhat
that
the hemocytoblast
and Fernand&#{176} were
cell
strikingly
are
into
response
Iymphoblast
by
types
abundant,
presented
in
are
is,
cell
aggregated
have
appeared
We
an
ribosomes
co-workers’2
The
and
“immunoblasts”-that
nucleoli,
fled
Leplus3
term
mainly
the
and
703
CELLS
stimulation.
large
which
NODE
granules
of
other
lymph
been
well-de-
varying
electron
densities.
The
their
node,
The
other
mast
different
do not
capillaries
O)rgans.
cell
is
readily
distinguished
and distinctive
offer difficulties
of
Endothelial
the
from
granules.
Blood
for identification.
lymph
pores
nodes
are
appear
not
noted.
the
cells,
to
be
when
they
similar to
Endothelial
node
cells
appear
those
cells
by
in the
found
may
in
show
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on July 31, 2017. For personal use only.
704
BROOKS
phagocytized
materials
postcapillary
node
vessels.
vessels
The
large
lltlmi)er
of
these
in cell
or blebs,
In
this
cells
to lilood
the piasna
space
and
report
macrophages
larger,
on lymph
between
attention.
anti
It is possible
that
these
function
of
lymphoid
immunologic
observed
indicate
may
the
from
nodes.
to the
frequently
capillaries
cells into
endothelium.
in the
of
which
fill the interstices
received
little
or no
to) emaiiate
lymph
relation
the
true
reticular
plasmt
cells. There
is also the pOssil)ility
that some
detached
cytoplasmic
1)lebs from
one or more
of
Such
l)lei)hing
has been
noted,
in our
own
experi-
of human
connection,
is particularly
illustrated
hitherto
has
appear
some
been
irocesses
c’lls,
from
actually
types.
cultures
have
have
cytoplasmic
processes
This
SIEGEL
co-workers.’7
node
cells. A few originate
of the irocesses
are
the lymph
node
cell
ence,
cytoplasm.
vessels
and
lymph
of
the
Such
iy Policard
)areI1chyInal
Most
in
AND
close
that
vessels
through
Such
transfer
spatial
antibodies
proximity
are
the thin
of material,
processes,
passed
intervening
however,
tissue.
of plasmi
directly
from
connective
has
tissue
not
yet
I)eell
observed.
Su\I
Ilodes,
Lymph
iated
scope.
from
to lyniphoid
Th’ human
alld
lymph
basis
node
and
features
for
the
cell
with
at
for
lmphatic
Noxios
con
pathologically
electronic.
Le
cytos,
typos
de
pro
iste
br
typos
alterate
identification.
cellular
cellulas
tin
cell
node
micro-
discussed.
types
The
provide
a
cells.
a chirurgia
Ilodos
lymphatic
pro
pr
examinate
co)l1(iitiolies
con
liO.i
Ic rflicroscOpio)
human-inciuse
in br
lympho-
apparentia
electronic.
characteristicas
base
reticular
electron
are
re-
micro-
INTERLINGUA
microsocopia
Le
provide
de nodo
lniph
describite
de
not
electron
medium
of these
esseva
e plasmocytos-es
the
identification
stibjicite
del
magnificationes
criterios
IN
lymphoide
celhitias
and
altered
15 patielites
(IC tissu
reticulocytos,
intermedie
de
ab
morho
their
conditions
with
lymphocytic,
low
identification
SUMMARLO
relationate
for
examined
types-including
criteria
for
surgery
l)eeIl
described
outlined
co)nlI)arison
tllldergoing
have
been
magnifications,
characteristic
1)atiehlts
disease,
cells-have
plasma
scopic
15
tissue
[ARY
delineate
le comparation
a base
Es
commentate
pro
le identification
con
de
le
pathologicamente
lymphatic.
REFERENCES
1.
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W..
and
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1966 27: 687-705
Normal Human Lymph Node Cells: An Electron Microscopic Study
ROBERT E. BROOKS and BENJAMIN V. SIEGEL
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