Fall 2016 Science 8 Final Review
1. Goggles are worn during lab explorations
A. to avoid eye strain.
B. for eye protection any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used.
C. only by students who do not have personal glasses or contacts.
D. for eye protection any time measuring tools are used.
2. Long hair in the laboratory must be
A. neatly groomed.
B. held away from the experiment with one hand.
C. tied back with a hair band.
D. cut short.
3. Which of the following safety equipment is not found in the JBMS science room?
A. fire extinguisher
B. eyewash and shower
C. fire hose
D. fire blanket
4. What is the first step of a scientific investigation?
A. Perform the experiment.
B. Analyze the experimental data.
C. Formulate a hypothesis.
D. State the problem.
5. In a scientific investigation, after the question is defined, the next step most likely is
A. formulating a hypothesis.
B. identifying needed equipment.
C. designing the experiment.
D. collecting the data.
6. Which of the following statements is true about a hypothesis?
A. A hypothesis is a prediction of the results of the experiment.
B. A hypothesis states if one variable changes, what results will occur.
C. A hypothesis is based on observations.
D. All of these statements are true.
7. A student reported that a wilted stalk of celery became crisp when placed in a container of ice water.
The student’s statement was based on
A. a deduction.
B. a hypothesis.
C. a conclusion.
D. an observation.
8. Graphs of the data from laboratory investigations are used to
A. observe general trends in the data.
B. make the observed data more accurate.
C. prevent errors in measuring data.
D. help change the original data tables.
9. Julie designed an experiment to test the effects of water on plants. She wrote out step-by-step directions
and described each step precisely. Clear directions are important
A. for Julie to complete her experiment as planned.
B. For others to perform Julie’s experiment.
C. Both A and B.
D. Neither A nor B is a good reason.
Use this example for the next 2 questions:
Matthew designs an investigation to determine how high balls of different materials can bounce. He uses 3
different balls: solid rubber, solid plastic foam, and hollow thin plastic. All 3 balls are the same size. He
drops the balls from the same height. Matthew measures and records the height of each bounce.
10. Which represents the dependent variable?
A. Each of the 3 balls used are made of a different material.
B. All 3 balls are the same size.
C. Each ball is dropped from the same height.
D. The height of each bounce is measured and recorded.
11. In Matthew’s experiment, he dropped each ball from the same height, which is an example of
A. an independent variable.
B. a controlled variable.
C. a dependent variable.
D. a hypothesis.
12. Which is true about a theory?
A. It cannot be tested.
B. It is absolutely true and correct.
C. It has been observed in experiments many times.
D. It is not supported by evidence.
13. Two students arm wrestle. John is able to push Neil’s arm almost to the table. The force of both
students is
A. balanced.
B. unbalanced.
C. equal.
D. pushing in the same direction.
14. How is net force determined for 2 forces that act in opposite directions?
A. The forces are added together.
B. The forces are multiplied together.
C. The larger force is divided by the smaller force.
D. The smaller force is subtracted from the larger force.
15. Two students arm wrestle. After competing for 30 seconds, their hands are locked upright and there is
no movement. The net force in this example is
A. The sum of the forces by both students.
B. 120
C. 0
D. 50
16. Which statement best describes the difference between speed and velocity?
A. Velocity is related to position but speed is not.
B. Velocity does not depend on time but speed does.
C. Velocity has a specific direction but speed does not.
D. All of these statements are true.
17. If the sum of all the forces acting on a moving object is zero, the object will
A. slow down and stop.
B. change the direction of its motion.
C. accelerate uniformly.
D. continue moving with constant velocity.
18. What is instantaneous acceleration?
A. Acceleration in a straight line.
B. Acceleration happens very quickly.
C. Acceleration over a long period of time.
D. Acceleration at a specific moment in time.
19. Jennifer is applying a constant force to swing a can on the end of a string. If the can is moving around
the circle at a constant speed, which statement correctly describes the motion of the can?
A. The can moves with changing acceleration and constant velocity.
B. The can moves with changing acceleration and changing velocity.
C. The can moves with constant acceleration and constant velocity.
D. The can moves with constant acceleration and changing velocity.
20. A runner is running at a rate of 20 k/h. She completes her run in 30 minutes. How far did she run?
A. 10 k
B. 100k
C. 600k
D. 1000k
21. As a cart travels around a horizontal circular track, the cart must undergo a change in
A. velocity.
B. inertia.
C. speed.
D. weight.
22. A cart starting from rest travels a distance of 3.6 meters in 1.8 seconds. The average speed of the cart is
A. 0.20 m/s
B. 2.0 m/s
C. 0.50 m/s
D. 5.0 m/s
23. Caleb’s parents drove him to a swim meet 120 miles away. They drove for 2 hours, which included a
15 minutes break to refuel. What was the average driving speed? Select the answer that is closest to
your calculation.
A. 100 m/h
B. 50 m/h
C. 80 m/h
D. 60 m/h
24. Ryan rides his go-cart 100 meters. His speed is 20 meters per second. How long did it take him to get to
the end of the 100 meters?
A. 2 seconds
B. 4 seconds
C. 5 seconds
D. 10 seconds
25. The pitcher’s mound in baseball is 85 m from the plate. It takes 5 seconds for the pitch to reach the
plate. How fast is the pitch?
A. 1445 m/s
B. 17 m/s
C. 5 m/s
D. 0.05m/s
26. How is net force determined for two forces that act in opposite directions?
A. The forces are added together.
B. The forces are multiplied together.
C. The larger force is divided by the smaller force.
D. The smaller force is subtracted from the larger force.
27. Which of the following is an example of acceleration?
A. A train traveling 60 m/h crossing a bridge
B. A track star running at top speed.
C. A bus driver slowing down for a school zone.
D. A balloon floating across the sky.
28. Which of Newton’s Laws is best illustrated with the stack of coins?
A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
D. Newton’s 4th Law of Motion
29. Speed equals distance divided by __________.
A. Acceleration
B. Time
C. Mass
D. Force
30. Which statement is the best example of an unbalanced force?
A. A student standing patiently in line
B. A computer sitting on the table
C. An apple falling from the tree
D. A binder in your locker
31. You are riding in the passenger seat of a car when suddenly the person driving slams on the breaks.
You continue moving forward towards the dashboard. Which law of motion explains this?
A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
D. Newton’s 4th Law of Motion
32. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force exerted on the object is
stated in which law of motion?
A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
D. Newton’s 4th Law of Motion
33. Which will accelerate the most when all boxes are pushed with the same force?
A. an empty box
C. a box full of feathers
B. a box full of wood
D. A box full of rocks
34. Three balls were rolling down the street at 5 m/s2. The first ball has a mass of 10 Kg. The second ball
has a mass of 20 Kg. The third ball has a mass of 30 Kg.
Which of the three balls required the greatest force to set it into motion?
A. The first ball.
C. The third ball.
B. The second ball.
D. All three balls required the same force.
35. According to Newton’s 1st Law of Motion, a moving object that is not acted on by an unbalanced
force will
A. remain in motion
B. eventually come to a stop
C. transfer energy to another object
D. accelerate in the absence of friction
36. Omit
37. Inertia is an object’s tendency to resistance change in __________
A. motion.
B. mass.
C. time.
D. friction.
38. A man is pushing a rock with a force of 75 N. The rock is not moving. This is an example of what kind
of force?
A. Unbalanced force
C. Acceleration
B. Balanced force
D. Kinetic energy
39. The Law which states for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction applies to
A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
D. Newton’s 4h Law of Motion
40. An airport baggage checker needs to stop a bag that is rolling across a manual conveyer belt about to
board the wrong airplane. The bag has a mass of 35 Kg and is accelerating at 15m/s2. How much force will
he need to apply to the bag in order to stop it?
A. 325 N
B. 425 N
C. 525 N
D. 625 N
41. The illustration shows two groups of children having a tug of war. The children on the left are exerting
a force of 550 N to the left. The children on the right are exerting a force of 530 N to the right. How large
and in what direction for the net force acting on the ropes?
A. 20 N to the right
B. 20 N to the left
C. 1080 N to the right
D. 1080 N to the left
550 N
530 N
42. A sailboat with a mass of 2000Kg is pushed by a steady wind with a force of 4000 N. What is the
acceleration of the sailboat?
A. 1 m/s2
B. 2 m/s2
C. 4 m/s2
D. 0
43. According to Newton’s Law of Inertia, a ball that is rolling across the ground will
A. continue to roll indefinitely because there is no force acting on it.
B. continue to roll unless there is an opposing force acting on it.
C. will stop unless there is an opposing force acting on it.
D. continue to roll regardless of the forces acting on it.
Object
Soccer Ball
Tennis Ball
Table Tennis Ball
Marble
Mass
0.45 kg
0.055 kg
0.025 kg
0.015 kg
44. Look at the table above. Which of objects has the greatest inertia?
A. Soccer ball
C. Marble
B. Tennis ball
D. Table Tennis ball
45. When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves out one end and the balloon moves in the other
direction. Which statement does this situation best illustrate?
A. What goes up must come down.
B. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
C. The shape and size of an object affect air resistance.
D. The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
46. What do elements in a period have in common?
a. The same number of energy levels or shells
b. The same physical properties
c. The same number of valence electrons.
d. The same atomic mass.
47. How is the periodic table arranged?
a. By increasing atomic mass
b. By the number of valence electrons
c. By increasing atomic numbers
d. By the number of electrons and protons
48. Which of the following have the same number of valence electrons?
a. The elements in a period
b. The elements in a group
c. Elements with similar atomic masses
d. Elements with similar atomic numbers
49. On the periodic table, metals are located
a. To the left of the zigzag line.
b. To the right of the zigzag line.
c. Below the zigzag line.
d. In group 18.
50. Which of the following statements is TRUE about elements?
a.
b.
c.
d.
All elements have the same number of valence electrons.
The properties of elements across a period do not change.
The number of valence electrons in a group/family is the same.
The number of energy shells in a group is the same.
Using your Periodic Table to answer questions 6-13.
51. How many neutrons does a carbon atom have?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18.011
d. 12.011
c. 14
d. 18
c. 32
d. 39
52. Nitrogen (N) has ___________ protons.
a. 7
b. 8
53. Potassium (K) has an atomic mass of
a. 19
b. 23
54. Beryllium (Be) has ___________ electrons.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9
c. 3 (13)
d. 4 (14)
c. 5
d. 8
55. Boron (B) is in Group ______.
a. 1
b. 2
56. Iron (Fe) is in Period ___________.
a. 1
b. 4
57. Neon has ___________ valence electrons.
a. 0
b. 8
c. 17
d. 18
58. How many energy shells does krypton’s (Kr) electrons lie on?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 18
d. 36
59. The atomic number of a neutral atom is the same as the number of
a. Protons and electrons
b. Protons and neutrons
c. Protons only
d. Electrons only
60. Atomic mass is the number of
a. Protons and neutrons
b. Electrons
c. Protons and electrons
d. Protons
61. What are the rows on the periodic table called?
a. Valence electrons
b. Periods
c. Groups
d. Elements
62. What are the columns of the periodic table called?
a. Valence Electrons
b. Periods
63. A valence electron is
a.
b.
c.
d.
The total number of electrons an element has
The number of electrons in an atom’s outer shell
The number of negative charges in the atom
The number of positive charges in the atom
c. Shells
d. Groups/Families
64. In this atomic model to the right, the point A represents
a. a proton
b. an electron
c. a neutron
d. the nucleus
65. In the atomic model to the right, point B represents the
a. Protons
b. Electrons
c. Neutrons
d. Nucleus
66. An atom has a __________ charge because __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Positive; protons carry a positive charge
Negative; electrons carry a negative charge
Neutral; neutrons carry no charge
Neutral; protons and electrons cancel charges
67. To obtain the number of neutrons in a neutral atom, use the formula
a.
b.
c.
d.
Atomic number – Atomic Mass number = Neutrons
Atomic Mass number – Atomic number = Neutrons
Atomic number + Atomic Mass number = Neutrons
Atomic Mass number – Atomic Number = Protons + Neutrons
68. the group of elements that are shiny, hard, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
a. Metals
b. Nonmetals
c. Noble gases
d. Metalloids
69. Identify the group of elements that are dull, and not good conductors of heat and electricity.
a. Aluminum, Zinc
b. Sulfur, Oxygen
c. Aluminum, Copper
d. Gold, Potassium
70. How many valence electrons does group 14 have?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
71. Which correctly lists the particles of a lithium atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3 protons, 3 neutrons, 3 electrons
3 protons, 4 neutrons, 4 electrons
3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons
4 protons, 3 neutrons, 4 electrons
72. The overall charge of an atom is usually
a. Negative
b. Positive
c. Neutral
d. Unknown
73.Which of the following element is NOT a Noble Gas?
a. Krypton
b. Oxygen
74. Hydrogen is a nonmetal.
a. True
b. False
c. Xenon
d. Radon
75. Which of the following tables best describes the electrical charges of atomic particles?
a.
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
Positive
Negative
No charge
c.
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
negative
No charge
positive
b.
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
positive
No charge
negative
d.
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
No charge
positive
negative
76. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in an atom of hafnium (Hf) with a mass number
of 178?
a. 72 protons, 178 neutrons, 106 electrons
c. 178 protons, 250 neutrons, 72 electrons
b. 72 protons, 106 neutrons, 72 electrons
d. 106 protons, 72 neutrons, 106 electrons
77. Name the parts of an atom that determine the atom’s identify and reactivity.
Part of the atom that determines identity
a.
b.
c.
d.
Neutrons
Protons
Valence electrons
Electron cloud
Part of the atom that identifies reactivity
(bonding properties)
Electron cloud
Valence electrons
Protons
Neutrons
78. Draw a Bohr Model of the element Lithium. (5 points)
79.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following does NOT indicate a chemical change?
Drainer cleaner causes the pipe to become warm as it works on the clog.
Melting of the ice cube into liquid water.
Two clear solutions poured together produce a dark blue solution.
Baking soda and vinegar bubbled in the bottle.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction?
Molecule
Element
Precipitate
Properties
80.
81. How is a molecule different from an atom?
a.
A molecule is made of 2 or more protons bonded together.
b.
A molecule is made of 2 or more elements bonded together.
c.
A molecule is made of 2 or more atoms bonded together.
d.
A molecule is made of 2 or more compounds bonded together.
82. The temperature of two separate solutions is found to be 27 degrees Celsius. When the solutions are
mixed, a precipitate forms and the temperature changes to 25 degrees Celsius. What type of energy
change took place?
a. The reaction absorbed energy; exothermic.
b. The reaction released energy; endothermic
c. The energy absorbed energy; endothermic.
d. The reaction released energy; exothermic.
83.
What is represented by the dots in an electron-dot diagram?
a. The number of protons in the nucleus.
b. The number of electron shells/energy levels.
c. The number of valence electrons.
d. The number of neutrons in the nucleus.
F
84.
According to the chemical formula in the box above, all of the following chemical elements
can be found in a molecule of sulfuric acid EXCEPT —
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. sulfur
85.
The picture to the right shows one part of the periodic table of
elements. According to this information, how many neutrons
does a carbon atom contain?
a. 0.0111
b. 6
c. 12
d. 18.0111
86. In the chemical equation CH4 + 2O4
CO2 + 2H2O, how does the total
the mass of the reactants compare to the total mass of the products?
a. The reactants have greater mass.
b. The products have greater mass.
c. You need more information.
d. The total masses are the same.
87. All of the following are evidence of a chemical reaction EXCEPT __.
a. the formation of a new substance.
b. the production of a gas.
c. a change in color.
d. the melting of a solid.
the
88.
In a balanced chemical equation, both sides should have the same __.
a. number of molecules.
b. number of atoms.
c. number of coefficients.
d. number of subscripts.
89.
If a reaction absorbs energy, it is called a(n) _____.
a. physical reaction.
b. non-reaction.
90.
How many atoms are represented in the formula CaCO3?
a. three
91.
c. endothermic reaction.
d. exothermic reaction.
b. four
c. five
d. six
The drawing above shows the atoms before and after a chemical reaction. This drawing also
illustrates the ___.
a. Law of Conservation of Energy.
b. Law of Inertia.
c. Law of Conservation of Mass.
d. Law of Chemical Reactions.
92.
Which of these is the balanced form of the above chemical equation?
a. H2O2
b. 2H2O2
c. 3H2O2
d. 2H2O2
93.
H2O + O2
2H2O + O2
3H2O + O2
H2O + 2O2
The formula for water is H2O. What is the chemical composition of water?
a. One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. Two atoms of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
c. One atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
94.
The new substances produced in a chemical reaction have ____.
a. the same properties as the original substances.
b. different physical properties from the original substances.
c. different chemical properties from the original substances.
d. different physical and chemical properties from the original substances.
95.
In a chemical equation,
a. reactants appear before the arrow.
b. products appear after the arrow.
c. a plus sign separates the formulas of two or more reactants or products.
d. All of the above
96.
How many atoms of oxygen are there in (NH4)2Cr3O2?
a. 2
b. 7
c. 12
d. 15
97. The temperature of two separate solutions is found to be 20 degrees Celsius. When the solutions
are mixed, a precipitate forms and the temperature changes to 25 degrees Celsius. What type of
energy change took place?
a. The reaction absorbed energy; exothermic.
b. The reaction released energy; endothermic
c. The energy absorbed energy; endothermic.
d. The reaction released energy; exothermic.
98.
Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to produce a cloudy substance, water and heat.
What type of reaction took place?
a. Physical change; exothermic
c. Chemical change; endothermic
b. Physical change; endothermic
d. Chemical change; exothermic
99. What 3 things can chemist change to control the rates of reactions?
a. Surface area, temperature, molecules
b. Temperature, surface area, concentration
c. Concentration, temperature, protons
d. Electrons, protons, neutrons
100.
How can one tell if an equation is balanced?
a. The number of molecules remains equal and their mass is unchanged.
b. The number of molecules remains equal and their mass is changed.
c. The number of atoms remains equal and their mass is unchanged
d. The number of atoms remains equal and their mass is changed.
101.
A block of wood is 3 cm long on each side and has a mass of 27 g.
What is the density of the block of wood?
a. 1 g/cm3
b. 9 g/cm3
c. 81 g/ cm3
d. 729 g/cm3
102.
A rock has a density of 4 g/mL and a mass of 16 g. Find the volume of the rock.
a. 1 mL
b. 4 mL
c. 16 mL
d. 64 mL
103. Draw a Bohr model of the element silicon
104. Draw the Lewis Dot diagram
for the element antimony.
Count the number of atoms in each of the molecules and write your answers on the line.
105. ____ NaHCO3
106. ____ H2CO3
107.____ Sr(NO3)2
Balancing Equations: Show all work in the space provided.
109. ____CH4 + ____O2
___CO2
+ ____H2O
110.
____ZnS
+ ____Ag
___Zn
+ ____Ag2S
108. ____ 2Ca(OH)2
Key
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. C
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. A
23. D
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. C
28. A
29. B
30. C
31. A
32. B
33. A
34. C
35. A
36. OMIT
37. A
38. B
39. C
40. C
41. B
42. B
43. B
44. A
45. B
46. A
47. C
48. B
49. A
50. C
51. A
52. A
53. D
54. A
55. C
56. B
57. B
58. A
59. A
60. A
61. B
62. D
63. B
64. C
65. D
66. D
67. B
68. A
69. B
70. B
71. C
72. C
73. B
74. A
75. B
76. B
77. B
78. B
79. OMIT
80. C
81. C
82. D
83. C
84. A
85. B
86. A
87. D
88. B
89. C
90. C
91. C
92. B
93. D
94. C
95. D
96. A
97. C
98. D
99. B
100. C
101. A
102. B
103. BO
HR
104. LE
WIS
105. 6
106. 6
107. 9
108. 10
109. ____CH4 + __2__O2
110. ___Zn + ____Ag2S
___CO2
____ZnS
+ __2__H2O
+ __2__Ag