BUS 411
DAY 7
1
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Agenda
 Questions?
 Assignment 1 Graded




Completed S, O and T posted in Blackboard


We will compile of list of weaknesses today
Assignment 2 posted



2 A’s, 5 B’s, 3 C’s, 1 D and 1 F
Keep it simple ….just the (quantifiable) facts
Potential strategies will come later
Due Feb 15, next Class
Review How to do an EFE and CPM
Begin discussion on the Internal Assessment
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Assignment 2
 External Assessment: Developing an EFE Matrix
and Competitive Profile Matrix for Walt Disney




Using the information gathered in assignment 1 and the Walt Disney
SWOT analysis prepared in class, develop an EFE matrix for Walt
Disney (50 points)
Using the information gathered in assignment 1, the McDonald’s
SWOT analysis prepared in class, and additional research materials
available for Time Warner, Inc and News Corporation develop a CPM
matrix comparing Walt Disney, Time Warner, Inc and News
Corporation (50 points)
You may use the templates provided with this assignment or develop
your own.
Upload your completed matrixes.
2-3
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The External
Assessment
Chapter Three
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Industry Analysis: The External Factor
Evaluation (EFE) Matrix
 Economic
 Social
 Cultural
 Demographic
 Environmental
 Political
 Governmental
 Technological
 Competitive
 Legal
EFE matrix.xlt
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5 Steps (Page 80-82)
1.


1.
2.
3.
List key external factors
10-20 (balanced 5&5  10&10)
Opportunities then threats (from SWOT)
Assign weights from 0.0 to 1.0 based on importance
Sum of all weights across all factors = 1
Assign a rating from 1 to 4 for all factors where
4 = the firm’s response is superior
3 = the firm’s response is above avg
2 = the firm’s response is average
1 = the firm’s response is poor
Multiply the rating by the weight
Sum the weighted scores
EFE matrix.xlt
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Industry Analysis EFE
Total weighted score of 4.0
• Organization response is outstanding to threats
and weaknesses
Total weighted score of 1.0

Firm’s strategies not capitalizing on opportunities or
avoiding threats
Average is 2.5
Ch 3 -9
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Industry Analysis: Competitive Profile Matrix
(CPM)



Identifies firm’s major competitors and
their strengths & weaknesses in relation
to a sample firm’s strategic positions
Critical success factors include internal
and external issues
CPM_matrix.XLT
Ch 3 -10
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Steps to a CPM





Identify Critical Success Factors (CSF)
 10 or more
 Broad issues
 Internal and external (5 or 6 of each is a good mix)
Assign a weight to each CSF
 Must add up to 1
Assign a rating for your firm and each of your competitors
 4 = major strength
 3 = minor strength
 2 = minor weakness
 1 = major weakness
Multiply weight by rating
Sum the weighted ratings and compare
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An Example Competitive
Profile Matrix
3-12
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Industry Analysis CPM
Important –
Just because one firm receives a 3.2 rating and
another receives a 2.8 rating, it does not follow
that the first firm is 20 percent better than the
second.
Ch 3 -13
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Finish SWOT Compilation
 S, O and T final list have been generated
 Still require editing  one or two sentences
for each entry
 Students edit prior to Constructing EFE and
IFE
 Weakness
 3 groups
 Pare down list to 10 entries
 Vote as a class for top nine
Ch 2 -14
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The Internal
Assessment
Chapter Four
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Internal Assessment
“Great
spirits have always encountered
violent opposition from mediocre minds.”
– Albert Einstein
“Weak leadership can wreck the soundest
strategy.”
– Sun Tzu
Ch
4 -16
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Chapter Objectives
1. Describe how to perform an internal strategic2.
3.
4.
management audit.
Discuss the Resource-Based View (RBV) in
strategic management.
Discuss key interrelationships among the functional
areas of business.
Identify the basic functions or activities that make
up management, marketing, finance/accounting
production/operations, research and development,
and management information systems.
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Chapter Objectives
5. Explain how to determine and prioritize a firm’s
6.
7.
8.
9.
internal strengths and weaknesses.
Explain the importance of financial ratio analysis.
Discuss the nature and role of management
information systems in strategic management.
Develop an Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE)
Matrix.
Explain cost/benefit analysis value chain
analysis, and benchmarking as strategicmanagement tools.
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A Comprehensive StrategicManagement Model
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Key Internal Forces
 Distinctive competencies
 A firm’s strengths that cannot be easily
matched or imitated by competitors
 Building competitive advantages involves
taking advantage of distinctive
competencies.
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The Process of Performing an
Internal Audit
 The internal audit
 Requires gathering and assimilating
information about the firm’s management,
marketing, finance/accounting,
production/operations, research and
development (R&D), and management
information systems operations
 Provides more opportunity for participants to
understand how their jobs, departments, and
divisions fit into the whole organization
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The Resource-Based View (RBV)
 The Resource-Based View (RBV)
approach
 contends that internal resources are more
important for a firm than external factors in
achieving and sustaining competitive
advantage
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The Resource-Based View (RBV)
 Proponents of the RBV contend that
organizational performance will primarily
be determined by internal resources that
can be grouped into three allencompassing categories: physical
resources, human resources, and
organizational resources
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The Resource-Based View (RBV)
 For a resource to be valuable, it must be
either (1) rare, (2) hard to imitate, or (3)
not easily substitutable
 These three characteristics of resources
enable a firm to implement strategies that
improve its efficiency and effectiveness
and lead to a sustainable competitive
advantage
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The biggest levers you’ve got to change a
company are strategy, structure, and culture.
If I could pick two, I’d pick strategy and culture.
Wayne Leonard, CEO, Entergy
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Organizational Culture
Pattern of behavior developed by an
organization as it learns to cope with its
problem of external adaptation and internal
integration . . . is considered valid and taught
to new members as the correct way to
perceive, think, and feel
Ch 4 -26
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Integrating Strategy and Culture
 Organizational culture significantly affects
business decisions and thus must be
evaluated during an internal strategicmanagement audit.
 If strategies can capitalize on cultural
strengths, such as a strong work ethic or
highly ethical beliefs, then management
often can swiftly and easily implement
changes.
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Example Cultural Products
Defined
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Management
 The functions of management consist of
five basic activities: planning, organizing,
motivating, staffing, and controlling.
 These activities are important to assess in
strategic planning because an organization
should continually capitalize on its
management strengths and improve on its
management weaknesses.
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The Basic Functions of
Management
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Management Audit Checklist
of Questions
1. Does the firm use strategic-management
2.
3.
4.
5.
concepts?
Are company objectives and goals
measurable and well communicated?
Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan
effectively?
Do managers delegate authority well?
Is the organization’s structure appropriate?
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Management Audit Checklist
of Questions (cont.)
6. Are job descriptions and job
specifications clear?
7. Is employee morale high?
8. Are employee turnover and absenteeism
low?
9. Are organizational reward and control
mechanisms effective?
4-32
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Marketing
 Marketing
 the process of defining, anticipating, creating,
and fulfilling customers’ needs and wants for
products and services
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Functions of Marketing
Customer analysis
Selling products/services
Product and service planning
Pricing Distribution
Marketing research
Opportunity analysis
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Marketing
 Customer analysis
 the examination and evaluation of consumer
needs, desires, and wants
 involves administering customer surveys,
analyzing consumer information, evaluating
market positioning strategies, developing
customer profiles, and determining optimal
market segmentation strategies
 essential in developing an effective mission
statement
4-35
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Desirable Characteristics
of Ads Today
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Product and Service Planning
 Product and service planning
 includes activities such as test marketing;
product and brand positioning; devising
warranties; packaging; determining product
options, features, style, and quality; deleting
old products; and providing for customer
service
 important when a company is pursuing
product development or diversification
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Pricing
 Five major stakeholders affect pricing
decisions: consumers, governments,
suppliers, distributors, and competitors
 Sometimes an organization will pursue a
forward integration strategy primarily to
gain better control over prices charged to
consumers
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Distribution
 Distribution
 includes warehousing, distribution channels,
distribution coverage, retail site locations,
sales territories, inventory levels and
location, transportation carriers, wholesaling,
and retailing
 especially important when a firm is striving to
implement a market development or forward
integration strategy
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Marketing Research
 Marketing research
 the systematic gathering, recording, and
analyzing of data about problems relating to
the marketing of goods and services
 can uncover critical strengths and
weaknesses
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Cost/Benefit Analysis
Three steps are required to perform a
cost/benefit analysis:
1. compute the total costs associated with a
decision,
2. estimate the total benefits from the
decision,
3. compare the total costs with the total
benefits.
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CBA methods
 NPV  net present value
 PVB  present value of benefits
 PVC  present value of costs
 BCR  benefit cost ratio PVB/PVC
 Net Benefit  PVB – PVC
 NPV/k  where k is level of funds
available
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Marketing Audit Checklist
of Questions
1. Are markets segmented effectively?
2. Is the organization positioned well among
competitors?
3. Has the firm’s market share been increasing?
4. Are present channels of distribution reliable and
cost effective?
5. Does the firm have an effective sales
organization?
6. Does the firm conduct market research?
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Marketing Audit Checklist
of Questions
7. Are product quality and customer service good?
8. Are the firm’s products and services priced
appropriately?
9. Does the firm have an effective promotion,
advertising, and publicity strategy?
10. Are marketing, planning, and budgeting effective?
11. Do the firm’s marketing managers have adequate
experience and training?
12. Is the firm’s Internet presence excellent as
compared to rivals?
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Finance/Accounting Functions
The functions of finance/accounting
comprise three decisions:
1. the investment decision
2. the financing decision
3. the dividend decision
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Finance/Accounting Functions
 Investment decision
 the allocation and reallocation of capital and
resources to projects, products, assets, and
divisions of an organization
 Financing decision
 determines the best capital structure for the
firm and includes examining various methods
by which the firm can raise capital
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Finance/Accounting Functions
 Dividend decisions
 concern issues such as the percentage of
earnings paid to stockholders, the stability of
dividends paid over time, and the repurchase
or issuance of stock
 determine the amount of funds that are
retained in a firm compared to the amount
paid out to stockholders
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A Summary of Key
Financial Ratios
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A Summary of Key
Financial Ratios
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A Summary of Key
Financial Ratios
4-50
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A Summary of Key
Financial Ratios
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Finance/Accounting Functions
1. How has each ratio changed over time?
2. How does each ratio compare to industry
norms?
3. How does each ratio compare with key
competitors?
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BE Chart.xlsx
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Finance/Accounting Audit
Checklist
1. Where is the firm financially strong and weak
2.
3.
4.
5.
as indicated by financial ratio analyses?
Can the firm raise needed short-term capital?
Can the firm raise needed long-term capital
through debt and/or equity?
Does the firm have sufficient working capital?
Are capital budgeting procedures effective?
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Finance/Accounting Audit
Checklist
7. Are dividend payout policies
reasonable?
8. Does the firm have good relations with
its investors and stockholders?
9. Are the firm’s financial managers
experienced and well trained?
10.Is the firm’s debt situation excellent?
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Production/Operations
 Production/operations function
 consists of all those activities that transforms
inputs into goods and services
 Production/operations management deals
with inputs, transformations, and outputs
that vary across industries and markets.
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The Basic Functions (Decisions)
Within Production/Operations
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Implications of Various Strategies
on Production/Operations
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Production/Operations
Audit Checklist
1. Are supplies of raw materials, parts, and
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
subassemblies reliable and reasonable?
Are facilities, equipment, machinery, and offices in
good condition?
Are inventory-control policies and procedures
effective?
Are quality-control policies and procedures effective?
Are facilities, resources, and markets strategically
located?
Does the firm have technological competencies?
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Research & Development
Research & Development Functions

Development of new products before competitors

Improving product quality

Improving manufacturing processes to reduce costs

These functions can be done internally or externally
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Research & Development
Financing as many projects as
possible
Use percent-of-sales
method
R&D Budgets
Budgeting relative to
competitors
How many successful new
products are needed
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Research and Development Audit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Does the firm have R&D facilities? Are they adequate?
If outside R&D firms are used, are they cost-effective?
Are the organization’s R&D personnel well qualified?
Are R&D resources allocated effectively?
Are management information and computer systems
adequate?
6. Is communication between R&D and other
organizational units effective?
7. Are present products technologically competitive?
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Management Information
Systems
 A management information system’s purpose is

to improve the performance of an enterprise by
improving the quality of managerial decisions
An effective information system thus collects,
codes, stores, synthesizes, and presents
information in such a manner that it answers
important operating and strategic questions
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Management Information
Systems Audit
1. Do all managers in the firm use the information
2.
3.
4.
5.
system to make decisions?
Is there a chief information officer or director of
information systems position in the firm?
Are data in the information system updated
regularly?
Do managers from all functional areas of the
firm contribute input to the information system?
Are there effective passwords for entry into the
firm’s information system?
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Management Information
Systems Audit
6. Are strategists of the firm familiar with the
information systems of rival firms?
7. Is the information system user-friendly?
8. Do all users of the information system understand
the competitive advantages that information can
provide firms?
9. Are computer training workshops provided for
users of the information system?
10.Is the firm’s information system continually being
improved in content- and user-friendliness?
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Value Chain Analysis (VCA)
 Value chain analysis (VCA)
 refers to the process whereby a firm
determines the costs associated with
organizational activities from purchasing raw
materials to manufacturing product(s) to
marketing those products
 aims to identify where low-cost advantages or
disadvantages exist anywhere along the value
chain from raw material to customer service
activities
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Benchmarking
 Benchmarking
 an analytical tool used to determine whether
a firm’s value chain activities are competitive
compared to rivals and thus conducive to
winning in the marketplace
 entails measuring costs of value chain
activities across an industry to determine
“best practices”
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Transforming Value Chain Activities into
Sustained Competitive Advantage
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The Internal Factor Evaluation
(IFE) Matrix
1. List key internal factors as identified in the internal-audit
2.
3.
4.
5.
process
Assign a weight that ranges from 0.0 (not important) to
1.0 (all-important) to each factor
Assign a 1-to-4 rating to each factor to indicate whether
that factor represents a strength or weakness
Multiply each factor’s weight by its rating to determine a
weighted score for each variable
Sum the weighted scores for each variable to
determine the total weighted score for the organization
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A Sample Internal Factor Evaluation
Matrix for a Retail Computer Store
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