butterflies are pollinators

A
Butterfly Garden
R O V E S FA R M
Ex
s
r
e
plor
BUTTERFLIES ARE POLLINATORS
Hang a mushed up banana or
over ripe fruit on a colourful
paper plate to feed and
encourage butterflies to your
garden!
WHY IS POLLINATION IMPORTANT?
It is an important part of the LIFE CYCLE of flowering plants & crops!


Flowering plants & crops are the basis of the food chain
for most animals,
including humans.
Without pollinators like butterflies, plants & crops may struggle to grow & produce the food



we eat and the plants & crops that feed the animals we eat.







BUTTERFLY HABITATS NEED...
Sunshine
Butterfly food

Wild flowers such as thistle,
scabious, red valerian, bramble & ragwort.
Garden flowers such as lavendar
& buddleia.They also like rotting
fruits,



dung & tree sap.


(butterfly food)
(butterfly food)
Dung





Bright attracting
colours
Nectar
(butterfly food)
Scabious
(butterfly food)
Nettles


Different species



&
 of caterpillar




butterfly
feed &








lay their
eggs





 
 on 





 





different
plants.






















Caterpillar host plants
 include...
wild strawberry, nettle,
birds foot trefoil, ivy,
scabious & ragwort.
Tree sap






Shelter
Rotting fruits









include...

plants









Larval foodplants- Birds Foot 

Trefoil & White Clover 











 

Nectar
Plants- Birds Foot 


 


Trefoil,
Thistle, Knapweed,




 

 




 & White



Ragwort
Clover.


























 Larval Foodplants Alder


 & Buckthorn

 Nectar Plants include Thistle,







Larval Foodplants- Nettles &
Hops
Nectar plants- Bramble,
Ivy & Teasel
Not all butterflies feed just on
flowers. Some such as Red
Admiral, are also attracted to
tree sap and sugary rotting
fruit like plums.


Bluebell, Cowslip,
Dandelion,

Scabious
& Red Campion.









 
 




Stones & bare
ground for

basking in the



sun

 



 



Larval
FoodplantsNettle & Hop
Larval Foodplants Cock’s-foot,
 










Nectar plants include- Thistle,
& Common
Couch




 




















Bluebell,
Cuckooflower,
Nectar  Plants- Sap, Honeydew,


 

  Dandelion,
 & Yarrow.

Scabious
Bramble,
Cuckooflower,















 

 






Dandelion
& 
Ragwort.



  


 




  















  









 


Larval FoodplantNettles






 





 plants
 




 
Nectar
Bramble,
Thistle,





















Dandelion,
Scabious,





 Ivy,  









Knapweed & Thyme.





Caterpillar host plants
(plants that will feed the caterpillar
until it is fully grown)
Birds Foot Trefoil
Rough grasses &
nettles for
laying eggs






















 
 

















 
 


Caterpillars to
Butterflies
A
R O V E S FA R M
E
s
r
e
r
o
l
p
x
St
a
The egg hatches into a
tiny larva (caterpillar)
The caterpillar
eats and eats,
grows and
grows.
The skin of caterpillar doesn’t
grow or stretch. Caterpillars
need to ‘molt’ their skin
several times to be able to
grow to full size.
Egg
LIFE
CYCLE
rt
The egg is laid in Spring on
the back of a leaf.
Each species of caterpillar
likes only particular plants,
and the butterfly must lay its
eggs on the leaf of a plant
that the caterpillar will eat.
When it has grown to its full
size it attaches itself to a twig
or leaf, and forms itself into a
pupa, with a hard outer shell
surrounding them pupa
(also called a chrysalis).
h
s
i
n
Fi
A fully grown adult butterfly will
emerge from the chrysalis.
Inside the pupa the caterpillar is
changing. This change is called
metamorphosis.
Larva
Caterpillar
Butterflies can not eat. They get
their ‘food’ by drinking through
straw like spirals called proboscis,
which curl up under their chin.
Butterflies only live for a short time.
They will fly, mate and reproduce
(lay more eggs).
Pupa
Adult
Butterfly
Pollinators
R O V E S FA R M
Ex
s
r
e
r
o
l
p
support food production and the diversity of our environment
?
O
H
W
TRANSFER POLLEN
Flowers & fruit blossom need help to
from the anther to the stigma part of the
plant, so that the egg cells in the flower head can be fertilized ready to develop
.
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
SEEDS & FRUIT
Although some plants, such as apples, potatoes and oil seed rape rely on MINIBEAST POLLINATION,
other staple crops that we eat can be WIND- or SELF-POLLINATED.
HOVERFLIES & OTHER FLIES
WHY IS POLLINATION IMPORTANT?
It is an important part of the LIFE CYCLE of flowering plants & crops!
Flowering plants are the basis of the FOOD CHAIN for most animals,
HONEYBEES & SOLITARY BEES
BUMBLEBEES
including humans.
WASPS BEETLES
?
E
R
E
H
W
ANTHER
(male)
produces pollen
STIGMA
(female)
waiting for the
transfer of pollen from
an anther
OVULE
when pollen has been
?
W
HO
BRIGHT COLOURS &
SUGARY SMELLS of
nectar attract minibeasts.
transferred to the
stigma, an egg cell in the
ovule will be fertilized and
will develop seeds. These
seeds will grow into a plant
the following year.
Wildflowers, crops &
garden flowers all
provide
(nectar) for
pollinators.
FOOD
While the pollinators feed on the
nectar in the flower,
from the flowers
stick
to them, to be carried to the next
flower.
POLLEN
ANTHER
When the minibeast visits the next
flower the pollen is rubbed off onto
STIGMA
the
of the new flower
whilst the pollinator is feeding.
POLLINATIONof the stigma allows
FERTILIZATIONof the EGG cells to take place.
The plant will develop SEEDS, that will grow into
FRUITS or mature, fall and grow into new plant.ts.
R O V E S FA R M
Ex
s
r
e
r
o
l
p
Slimy Slugs & Snails
Having a shell means that you are a snail, not having one means that you are a slug!
Slugs
od
e go
r
a
s
l
i
a
n
&s
S
R
E
L
C
Y
matter
REC
c
i
n
a
g
r
o
ying
a
c
ood
e
f
d
s
t
u
s
o
e
i
r
g
t
i
into nu
They d
k
c
a
b
t
i
cle
s.
and recy
for plant
uits,
r
f
,
s
r
e
s, flow
e
v
a
e
l
t
ts.
o
o
They ea
r
&
i
fung
is one
l
i
a
n
S
arden
G
l
a
c
i
p
Your ty
these... il
a
den Sn
r
a
G
n
aspersa
Brow
x
i
l
e
H
name:
c
fi
i
t
n
e
Sci
of
.
.
.
M
E
H
FINeDltereTd, shady, mso,ist
land
in sh
d
o
o
w
n
i
ns &
places
e
d
r
a
g
ws,
hedgero e walls
ston
night.
t
a
r
o
,
in
after ra der plant pots
g un
n
i
k
o
o
l
nes.
Try
o
t
s
&
logs
ore
m
e
r
a
s
l
*Snai
tone
s
e
m
i
l
n on
commo alk soils,
and ch
ave a
which h ontent.
mc
u
i
c
l
a
c
heir
t
high
s
p
e
e
k
Calcium strong!
shells
S
R
O
T
A
D
E
R
P
ther
o
,
e
c
i
m
,
s
etle
kes.
a
include be
n
s
,
s
d
a
o
ds, t
snails, bir
ome
s
m
o
r
f
l
i
a
ct a sn
e
t
o
r
p
l
l
ged
i
a
w
fl
u
o
m
a
A shell
c
eping
e
k
t
u
b
,
s
r
m of
r
o
f
t
s
predato
e
b
s
are it
t
h
g
i
s
f
o
t
ou
defence.
deners
r
a
g
&
s
lugs &
Farmer
s
e
k
i
l
always
t
o
n
o
e they
d
s
u
a
c
e
snails b crops &
r
eat thei s.
plant
They lay clutches of
eggs in damp soil.
1.
LIFE 2.
CYCLE
All slugs and snails
are both male and
3.
female! They still need
to mate with another
before they
produce eggs.
A snails shell is its home
& protection. Slugs have
a leathery patch where a
snails shell sits called a
‘mantle’.
OPTIC TENTACLES
SENSORY TENTACLES
used for feeding and can see light and dark,
small eyes on the end of
tasting
the tentacles
4.
Snail and slug eggs are very
vulnerable to predators,
however, those that survive
will hatch into miniature
versions of their parents.
The tiny snails feed on
dead organic matter,
leaves and fruits, to grow
bigger and bigger,
until they reach
adulthood.
After it has first hatched a snails
shell is very delicate. The snail
needs to eat calcium rich food to
harden its shell as quickly as
possible to ward off predators*
FOOT
SLIME
PNUEMOSTOME
can become very sticky to defend
one long muscle, which moves
the breathing hole
by waves of tightening and against predators. Mucus glands under
the foot produce the slime.
relaxing
Wiggly Worms
R O V E S FA R M
Ex
s
r
e
r
o
l
p
AIR
FLOW
WATER
CHANNELS
channels created
created by worms
by worms
Earthworms have lots of PREDATORS!
Birds, Moles, Toads,
Ants & Snails all
eat earthworms.
Worm POO
-small, dark brown, granular
‘casting’ piles left on your
lawn by worms!
Plants
worms!
Worms LIVE
in damp soil & under
stones or dead wood. They
BREATHE
through their moist skin.
Worm POO
is rich nutrients, naturally
fertilizing the soil, and
helping plants to grow.
Worms EAT
dead organic (plant)
matter.
Worms eat dead organic (plant) matter,
BURROW
Worms
through the soil creating
channels for air and water to
circulate.
DECOMPOSITION
speeding up
,
recycling old plant materials and passing nutrient
FERTILISE
rich matter to naturally
the soil.
SOIL GOOD FOR GROWING
CROPS & PLANTS
Plant roots need air for respiration,
water & nutrients for healthy growth and
to produce the fruits, flowers and seeds
that we can eat and enjoy.