ATP, Photosynthesis and cellular respiration study guide
1. When a phosphate is removed from ATP energy is released. (ATP - P= ADP)
2. The amount of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose is 36 molecules of ATP.
3. Photosynthesis captures and stores energy and cellular respiration releases energy.
4. Plants, algae and some bacteria conduct both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
and animals conduct only cellular respiration.
5. Cells store energy as chemical energy in the bonds between atoms. For example energy
is stored in glucose and ATP.
6. Term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy is producer or
autotroph.
7. The main light absorbing molecules in photosynthesis are chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is
contained in thylakoids of chloroplasts.
8. Reactants (starting materials) of photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water.
9. Products of photosynthesis: glucose and oxygen.
10. Reactants of cellular respiration: glucose and oxygen
11. Products of cellular respiration: carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)
12. Glucose (carbohydrate) formula: C6H12O6
13. Glycolysis is the splitting of glucose into 2 pyruvate and takes place in cytoplasm outside
the mitochondria.
14. One characteristic of fermentation is it produces energy without oxygen. Lactic acid
fermentation occurs in muscles when not enough oxygen is present.
15. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in production of food, bread, yogurt and alcohol.
16. In summary cellular respiration occurs in most all cells and produces energy in the form
of ATP for cellular functions that require energy. Sometimes not enough oxygen is
present and fermentation results producing only 2 ATP molecules instead of 36 in
cellular respiration. Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron
transport chain. The release of energy must occur in steps to more slowly release the
energy from glucose. Cellular respiration equation is the reverse of photosynthesis.
Know the equations well enough to pick them out from a list.