Coagulation
Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue
release Thromboplastin  act on
Prothrombin in plasma  + Calcium ions
converts to Thrombin  the thrombin acts as
an enzyme and changes Fibrinogen  Fibrin
creating a mesh that traps red blood cells,
platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.
Coagulation
• Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting
• Heparin:antiprothrombin
• Prothrombin is dependent on Vitamin K
Coagulation Cont.
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes
• Larger than
erythrocytes
• Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
Leukocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
5
•
•
•
•
•
Larger than erythrocytes
Granular or agranular
5 types
Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800
Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to squeeze
through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to
fight infection in neighboring tissues.
Leukocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
6
• Agranulocytes
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Granulocytes
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
Leukocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
7
• Smallest of solid
components of blood
• Synthesized in red
marrow
• Not cells, composed of
fragments of
megakaryocytes
• Necessary for the
initiation of the blood
clotting process
Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
8
Types of White Cells…
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Granuloccyte
formed in the
bone marrow
Phagocytize
bacteria
Granulocyte
Formed in the
bone marrow
Increase in
numbers in
allergic conditions,
malaria and in
worm infestation.
Produce heparin
an anitcoagulant
Granulocyte
Count increases
during chronic
inflammation and
during healing
from infection.
Agranulocyte
absence of
cytoplasmic
granules formed in
lymph glands,
nodes and bone
marrow.
B-lymphocytes
and T-lymphocyte
Protect against
cancer cells.
Assist in
phagocytosis
leave blood
vessels and
attach themselves
to tissues, during
infection they help
to wall off and
isolate the infected
area
Agranulocyte
10
Life Span of Blood cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest
harmful bacteria.
Inflammation
Start 
Body’s reaction
to chemical or
physical trauma.
Pus produced a combination
of dead tissue, dead and living
bacteria, dead leukocytes and
plasma

Pathogenic disease
producing
microorganisms can
cause inflammation.

Symptoms –
redness, local
heat, swelling
and pain
Inflammation

Histamine
increases the
blood flow to
the injured
area.

 Why? Bacterial
toxins, increase
blood flow,
collection of
plasma in
tissues –
edema.
Inflammation
Inflammation Cont.
Abscess
Pus-filled cavity
below the
epidermis.
Pyrexia
Increase in body
temperature by
the hypothalamus
in response to
pathogenic
invasion
Leukocytosis
Increase in the
number of white
cells in response
to infection
Leukopenia
Decrease in
number of white
cells due to
chemotherapy or
radiation
Hematology BM #2
BM #3
1. Name and describe the five
different types of what blood
cells.
2. Draw a picture for each white
blood cell with their job for your
body.
• For example if they eat the
bacteria draw a big mouth as
the WBC and a bacteria inside.
3. What is inflammation?
Describe a time when you had an
inflammation.
4. List the process of coagulation.
Remember to copy the words
from the bubble map in color and
color the pictures.
Hematology BM#2
Questions