Table A. List of analyzed material. The analyzed specimens were loan from the
following museums: Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Instituto
Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá,
Brazil (UFMT), Museu de Zoologia “Prof. Adão José Cardoso”, Unicamp, Campinas,
São Paulo, Brazil (ZUEC).
Genus
Apostolepis
Apostolepis
Apostolepis
Apostolepis
Apostolepis
Boiruna
Boiruna
Boiruna
Boiruna
Boiruna
Elapomorphus
Elapomorphus
Elapomorphus
Elapomorphus
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus
Gomesophis
Gomesophis
Gomesophis
Helicops
Helicops
Helicops
Helicops
Helicops
Hydrodynastes
Hydrodynastes
Hydrodynastes
Hydrodynastes
Lystrophis
Lystrophis
Lystrophis
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus
Species
assimilis
assimilis
assimilis
assimilis
assimilis
maculata
maculata
maculata
maculata
maculata
quinquilineatus
quinquilineatus
quinquilineatus
quinquilineatus
aesculapii
aesculapii
aesculapii
aesculapii
aesculapii
aesculapii
brasiliensis
brasiliensis
brasiliensis
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
gigas
gigas
gigas
gigas
dorbignyi
dorbignyi
dorbignyi
rhombifer
rhombifer
rhombifer
rhombifer
rhombifer
rhombifer
rhombifer
Voucher
IBSP
3998
IBSP
8449
ZUEC
1267
ZUEC
2356
ZUEC
2754
UFMT
813
UFMT
1934
ZUEC
946
ZUEC
1084
ZUEC
1085
IBSP
1290
IBSP
10057
IBSP
32130
MNRJ
19488
UFMT
286
UFMT
483
ZUEC
54
ZUEC
105
ZUEC
530
ZUEC
562
IBSP
1704
IBSP
16954
IBSP
17107
UFMT
2811
UFMT
7816
ZUEC
1015
ZUEC
1590
ZUEC
1942
IBSP
36999
IBSP
37132
UFMT
19
UFMT
5836
IBSP
23196
IBSP
23197
MNRJ
549
IBSP
s/n
UFMT
933
UFMT
5154
ZUEC
1169
ZUEC
2498
ZUEC
3088
ZUEC
3097
Phalotris
Phalotris
Phalotris
Phalotris
Phalotris
Philodryas
Philodryas
Philodryas
Philodryas
Phimophis
Phimophis
Phimophis
Phimophis
Phimophis
Phimophis
Psomophis
Psomophis
Psomophis
Psomophis
Psomophis
Siphlophis
Siphlophis
Siphlophis
Siphlophis
Taeniophalus
Taeniophalus
Taeniophalus
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tomodon
Tropidodryas
Tropidodryas
Tropidodryas
Tropidodryas
Tropidodryas
Uromacer
Xenoxybelis
Xenoxybelis
mertensi
mertensi
mertensi
mertensi
mertensii
aestivus
aestivus
aestivus
aestivus
guerini
guerini
guerini
guerini
guerini
guerini
joberti
joberti
joberti
joberti
joberti
pulcher
pulcher
pulcher
pulcher
affinis
affinis
affinis
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
dorsatus
striaticeps
striaticeps
striaticeps
striaticeps
striaticeps
catesbyi
argentus
argentus
ZUEC
ZUEC
ZUEC
ZUEC
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
MNRJ
UFMT
UFMT
UFU
IBSP
IBSP
MNRJ
UFMT
UFMT
IBSP
IBSP
ZUEC
ZUEC
IBSP
IBSP
MNRJ
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
IBSP
ZUEC
ZUEC
ZUEC
ZUEC
IBSP
UFMT
UFMT
486
1579
1688
2011
9955
743
765
6771
7617
66404
66406
14205
600
603
327
65466
65551
3347
4081
4082
42219
68396
1636
2226
19749
51561
17468
16850
16987
17122
17547
17891
18425
20793
20795
9633
412
856
1008
2103
242
7293
7982
Table B. Cranial landmarks definitions recorded from South American
Xenodontinae snakes. See Figure 2.
Dorsal view landmarks definition (Fig. 2 A and B)
1 midline point on the premaxillar at the inferior tip of the bony septum;
2 tip of the palatine process on the premaxillar;
3 tip of the nasal process on the premaxillar;
4 anterior-midline of nasal;
5 lateral tip of nasal;
6 tip of the frontal process on the nasal;
7 posterior-midline of nasal;
8 anterior-midline of frontal;
9 anterior frontal-prefrontal suture;
10 posterior frontal-prefrontal suture;
11 frontal-parietal lateral suture;
12 frontal-parietal midline suture;
13 anterior postorbital-parietal suture;
14 posterior postorbital-parietal suture;
15 parietal-supraoccipital suture, midline;
16 supraoccipital-exoccipital suture, midline;
17 supraoccipital-exoccipital suture, lateral;
18 Exoccipital posterior tip, midline;
19 anteriormost tip of supratemporal;
20 posteriormost tip of supratemporal
Lateral view landmarks definition (Fig. 2 C and D)
1 midline point on the premaxillar at the inferior tip of the bony septum;
2 tip of the palatine process on the premaxillar;
3 tip of the nasal process on the premaxillar;
4 nasal-frontal suture;
5 anterior frontal-prefrontal suture;
6 posterior frontal-prefrontal suture;
7 anterior prefrontal-maxilla suture;
8 posterior prefrontal-maxilla suture;
9 posterior frontal-prefrontal suture;
10 anterior postorbital-parietal suture;
11 posterior postorbital-parietal suture;
12 parietal-supraoxipital suture, midline
13 anteriormost tip of supratemporal;
14 posteriormost tip of supratemporal;
15 anteriormost tip of maxilla;
16 end of maxilla;
17
18
19
20
anteriormost tip of ectopterigoid;
end of ectopterigoid;
anteriormost tip of pterigoid;
end of pterigoid.
Table C. Genbank access numbers.
Species
Apostolepis assimilis
Boiruna maculata
Elapomorphus quinquelineatus
Erythrolamprus aesculapii
Gomesophis brasiliensis
Helicops angulatus
Hydrodynastes gigas
Lystrophis dorbignyi
Oxyrrhopus rhombifer
Phalotris mertensi
Philodryas aestivus
Phimophis guerini
Psomophis joberti
Siphlophis pulcher
Taeniophallus affinis
Tomodon dorsatus
Tropidodryas striaticeps
Uromacer catesbyi
Xenoxybelis argenteus
12S
GQ457781
GQ457785
GQ457794
GQ457795
GQ457796
GQ457797
GQ457803
GQ457812
GQ457816
GQ457818
GQ457819
GQ457822
GQ457829
GQ457834
GQ457792
GQ457838
GQ457839
AF158454
GQ457842
16S
GQ457724
–
GQ457736
GQ457736
GQ457737
GQ457738
GQ457743
GQ457752
GQ457755
GQ457757
GQ457758
GQ457761
GQ457768
GQ457773
GQ457733
GQ457777
GQ457778
AF158523
GQ457780
C-mos
GQ457843
GQ457847
GQ457855
GQ457856
–
GQ457857
GQ457863
GQ457872
GQ457876
GQ457878
GQ457879
–
GQ457889
GQ457894
GQ457853
GQ457897
GQ457853
–
GQ457899
Fig A. South American Xenodontinae phylogeny. Bayesian inference phylogeny
(mtDNA 12S and 16S, and c-mos) of South American Xenodontinae, numbers on the
branches represent the posterior probabilities.
Dipsas
Psomophis
Tropidodryas
Philodryas
0.98
Xenoxybelis
Helicops
0.98
Gomesophis
1.00
Tomodon
0.96
Elapomorphus
0.75
0.97
Apostolepis
Phalotris
Taeniophalus
Hidrodynastes
0.53
Uromacer
0.52
Erythrolamprus
1.00
Lystrophis
Siphlophis
1.00
Oxyrhopus
0.97
1.00
0.01
Boiruna
Phimophis