Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
A Community Carbon Dioxide Scorecard for Leon County, 2001-2015
June 12, 2017
Richard S. Hopkins for Sustainable Tallahassee
Executive Summary
This document puts in one place information about multiple aspects of carbon dioxide (CO2)
production in Leon County over a 15-year time span. CO2 production due to stationary and
mobile sources combined has been essentially stable over the period 2008-2015, while percapita combined CO2 production has declined by about 8% over that period. This decline has
been due entirely to reductions in CO2 production from stationary sources.
Mobile sources show no change in per capita CO2 production and an increase in CO2
production consistent with increase in population and number of vehicles. Mobile sources
account for 43% of the combined total of CO2 production, and stationary sources for 57%.
Total CO2 production from stationary sources (City of Tallahassee electric and gas, and the Leon
County customers of Talquin Electrical Cooperative) rose steadily 2001-2008 and has since
fallen to 2001 levels. Because of efficiency improvements at COT generating stations, the CO2
produced per megawatt-hour of electricity generation has fallen steadily since 1991, and is
expected to fall further as more solar generating capacity is brought on line 2017-2019. Talquin
Electric will also be bringing such capacity on line in the near future. The declines in per-capita
Leon County CO2 production due to electricity production are almost entirely attributable to
these improvements in generation efficiency. The City of Tallahassee has also achieved savings
through a wide variety of demand reduction interventions with individual commercial and
residential customers.
Commercial customers account for 54% of Leon County CO2 production from electricity and
natural gas in 2015, and residential customers for 46%.
1
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Total CO2 releases attributable to natural gas use by commercial customers have increased
2001-2015, while total releases attributable to residential customers are close to flat, and CO2
release attributable to residential gas use have decreased on a per-customer basis.
Year to year variability in weather (hot or cold winters or summers) appears to have had only a
modest effect on electricity and natural gas consumption so far.
Ridership on Star Metro peaked in 2011 and has since declined. The percentage of the Leon
County workforce commuting alone in a car has risen slightly 2001-2015 and is just over 80%.
About 2.8% of Leon County workers commute on foot or by bicycle. Less than 0.5% of new
vehicles sold in Florida are battery electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, as against 0.8% nationally
and 3.6% in California.
Miles driven and gallons of gasoline consumed have risen as population and number of vehicles
have risen, with little or no change in miles or gallons per vehicle or per capita. Retail price of
fuel has had little effect on consumption and driving patterns.
2
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
1
Table of Contents
3
Introduction
5
Combined stationary and mobile
Outcome measures
7
Total CO2 production 2008-2015
7
Population, utility customers, vehicles 2001-2015
8
CO2 production per capita 2008-2015
9
Distribution of CO2 production by mobile vs stationary (gas, electric, residential,
commercial) in 2015
10
Stationary
Outcome measures
11
Total CO2 from electric and gas utilities, City of Tallahassee + Talquin Electric
Coop, 2001-2015
COT electric plus TEC CO2 production total and by type of customer, 2001-2015
CO2 by category piechart, 2015 (COT gas and electric and TEC)
CO2 produced by COT electric utility, by year 2001-2015, and type of customer
CO2 from electrical use per customer by customer type, COT utility 2001-2015
CO2 from natural gas by customer type, COT utility, 2001-2015
CO2 per natural gas customer, by type, COT utility, 2001-2015
CO2 produced per residential gas customer, COT, 2001-2015
Intermediate measures
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
Tons of CO2 produced per MWh of electricity, 1990-2015, COT utility
Leon County electricity use in MWh (COT + TEC) and natural gas use in Mcf
(COT), 2001-2015
Electricity consumption by 10 largest customers, COT, 2001-2015 (graph)
Electricity consumption by 10 largest customers, COT utility, 2015 (table)
Inputs
18
19
20
21
22
Installed solar capacity, Tallahassee, at end of each year, 2006-2015
Tallahassee city utility, miles of gas pipeline in place, 2001-2015
Counts of demand side reduction activities taken by the City of Tallahassee
utility 2015-2016, and estimated savings 2008-2016.
Monthly Tallahassee heating and cooling degree days, Jan 2000 to March 2017
3
22
22
23
24
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Mobile
Outcome measures
25
CO2 from vehicles (gas and diesel), in tons, Leon County, 2008-2015
Population and number of vehicles, Leon County, 2008-2015
CO2 per vehicle per year, Leon County, 2008-2015
CO2 per capita from vehicles, Leon County, 2008-2015
Intermediate measures
25
25
26
26
27
Gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel sold in Leon County, by year, 2008-2015
Vehicle miles traveled per day, Leon County, 2008-2015
Vehicle miles traveled per day per registered vehicle, Leon County, 2008-2015
Inputs
27
27
28
29
Florida average monthly retail gas prices, June 2003 -- April 2017
Star Metro annual passenger trips, 2001-2015
Star Metro average passengers per bus mile, 2001-2015
Mode of travel to work by persons employed in Leon County, 2000 to 2013-15
Tallahassee/Leon County bicycle infrastructure in place, 2015-16
Florida sales of electric vehicles, by year and type, 2011-2016
Data sources, assumptions and conversion factors
29
30
31
32
33
33
34
4
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Introduction
Purpose: To put in one place information about multiple aspects of carbon dioxide production
in Leon County to guide planning by Sustainable Tallahassee and community partners.
Such planning would help us identify a path acceptable to our community and consistent with
other sustainability efforts to achieve reductions in production of CO2 (and other greenhouse
gasses) as our part in the global effort to minimize human-caused climate change.
Perspective: CO2 emissions attributable to energy use and decisions by Leon County residents.
Two major domains included:
Stationary sources (homes, businesses, factories)
Mobile sources (cars, trucks, busses, motorcycles)
Not accounted for in this document, but for possible inclusion in later iterations:
- CO2 production associated with goods and services used;
- CO2 and methane releases associated with waste and wastewater treatment;
- life cycle CO2 costs of energy production, infrastructure, and distribution;
- industrial emissions of greenhouse gasses beyond those associated with city utility use.
The focus of this report is on total CO2 emissions and factors contributing to those emissions.
“Percent of energy from renewable sources” would increase whenever renewable energy use
increases faster than use of energy from fossil fuel sources, even if fossil fuel use is also
increasing. We believe the focus should be on reducing CO2 production.
Reductions in CO2 production can result from less use of energy to do useful work (for
example, driving fewer miles or resetting thermostats), from more efficient use of energy (for
example more efficient light bulbs, electric power generators, or automobiles) and/or from
changes in the mix of energy sources (e.g. from natural gas to solar). The optimal path for
Leon County to reduce CO2 production over a 10- to 40-year period will include contributions
from all three of these approaches, but their relative importance to overall reductions in CO2
production remains to be determined by and for our community.
Time frame: All measures are calculated with as long a baseline as possible (at least ten years),
and should be recalculated annually going forward.
Geographic scope: Leon County. Note that this requires assembling data from both the City of
Tallahassee and Talquin Electric Cooperative for uses of energy by stationary sources (homes,
buildings etc).
Data sources: Data are obtained from a variety of publicly available sources: Florida
Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Highway Safety, Florida Department of
5
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Revenue, City of Tallahassee annual reports to bondholders, Star Metro transit authority in
Tallahassee, and various individual staff members in these agencies. Conversion factors are
obtained from websites supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency. For utility data,
all non-residential uses are categorized as ‘commercial’.
Organization of this document:
This document addresses three domains: combined (stationary and mobile sources); stationary
sources (houses, stores, offices, factories, etc); and mobile sources (cars, trucks, busses,
airplanes, motorcycles). As more and more vehicles enter service that are wholly or partially
electric, the distinction between stationary and mobile sources will be less sharp.
Within each of these domains, we first include high-level outcomes, that is, CO2 production
itself; then intermediate contributors to CO2 production (for example, number of vehicle miles
driven); and then activities by governments or community organizations that contribute to
higher or lower CO2 production (for example, number of home energy audits completed).
Data sources and conversion factors: See here.
Return to Table of Contents TOC
6
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Combined
Outcome measures, combined:
Total annual CO2 emissions attributable to Leon County
residents and businesses (sum of CO2 totals for stationary and
mobile sources) has been essentially stable since 2008.
Thousands
CO2 production from stationary and mobile sources, Leon
County, 2008-2015, in tons
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
Total CO2 from stationary sources
Total CO2 from vehicles
1,500
Total CO2 stationary plus vehicles
1,000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
The essentially stable total CO2 production results from small
declines from stationary sources (electric and gas utilities) and
increases in mobile sources (vehicles).
TOC
7
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Meanwhile the population of Leon County, the number of
electrical customers, the number of natural gas customers, and
the number of vehicles have all been steadily increasing.
Thousands
Leon County trends in population, vehicles, and utility
customers, 2001-2015
350
300
250
Population
200
Registered vehicles
COT residential electric customers
150
COT residential gas customers
TEC electric Leon customers
100
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TOC
8
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Adjusted for population growth, the trend in CO2 production
from stationary and mobile sources together has been
downward from 2008 through 2015 (decline about 8% from
2008 to 2015).
CO2 production from stationary sources plus vehicles, Leon
County 2008-2015, in tons per capita
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
TOC
9
2013
2014
2015
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Mobile sources account for 43% of combined mobile and
stationary production of CO2. Commercial customers of
electricity and gas account for 31% of combined production,
while residential customers account for 26%.
LEON COUNTY CO2 PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION BY
STATIONARY AND MOBILE SOURCES, 2015
Commercial electric
COT
24%
Mobile sources
43%
Commercial gas COT
4%
Residential electric
COT
Commercial electric
17%
Residential electricResidential gas COT
TEC
TEC 8%
1%
3%
TOC
10
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Stationary sources
Stationary sources are local sources of carbon dioxide release that have a fixed location,
including houses, office buildings, schools, stores, and factories. All sources that are not
residential have been combined as “commercial”.
City of Tallahassee has some natural gas customers who are outside Leon County. Staff indicate
that 11% of the city’s gas is sold to these customers. We have applied a percentage of 89% to
both commercial and residential gas sales to estimate gas sold to Leon County customers.
Talquin Electric Cooperative (TEC) has approximately 1500 Commercial meters in Leon county and
approximately 2200 commercial meters outside it; thus 40.5% of commercial meters are in Leon and we
assume 40.5% of power used and CO2 generated for commercial customers are in Leon. TEC has
approximately 24,700 residential meters in Leon county (50.2%) and approximately 24,500 residential
meters outside of Leon County. We assume that 50% of TEC’s residential electrical consumption and
CO2 production is for Leon County customers.
We have not yet accounted for LP gas use, which in Florida as a whole accounts for about 3% as much
energy production as natural gas.
Outcome measures, stationary
Total CO2 production from stationary sources in Leon County
(Tallahassee city utility plus Talquin Electric) peaked in 2007
and has been basically stable since 2008 with a low in 2013.
Thousands
Total CO2 production from electric and gas utilities, in thousands
of tons, City of Tallahassee + Talquin Electric Coop, 2001-2015
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
TOC
11
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Commercial electrical customers account for slightly more CO2
production than residential electrical customers.
Thousands
City of Tallahassee electric plus Talquin Electric Co-op CO2
production in tons, total and by type of customer, 2001-2015
2,500
2,000
1,500
COT + TEC residential electric CO2
COT + TEC commercial electric CO2
1,000
COT + TEC total electric CO2
500
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TOC
12
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Electricity use accounts for more 2015 Leon County CO2
production than customers’ natural gas use, and commercial
customers account for more CO2 production than residential
customers.
Tons of CO2 from stationary sources by
category, 2015, including City of Tallahassee
gas and electric and Talquin Electric Co-op
Commercial electric
TEC
6%
Residential electric
TEC
14%
Commercial electric
COT
42%
Residential gas COT
2%
Residential electric
COT
30%
Commercial gas COT
6%
Note: Electricity use accounts for 92% of CO2 releases attributable to stationary sources, while
use of natural gas accounts for 8%. Commercial customers of these two energy sources
account for 54% of CO2 releases.
TOC
13
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
CO2 production attributable to City of Tallahassee utility
electricity use peaked in 2007 and has been steady since 2009.
Thousands
Tons of CO2 produced by City of Tallahassee electric
utility, by year 2001-2015, and by type of customer
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Residential
Commercial
Total
Note: For the City of Tallahassee utility, commercial electrical customers account for more CO2
production than residential customers; the reverse is true for the Talquin Electric Cooperative.
TOC
14
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
CO2 generation per City of Tallahassee electric customer has
been on a downward trend for both commercial and residential
customers, but more so for commercial customers.
CO2 from electrical use per customer by
customer type, in tons, COT Utility
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Residential Elec per customer
Commercial Elec per customer
TOC
15
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Total CO2 releases attributable to natural gas use by
commercial customers have increased, while total releases
attributable to residential customers are close to flat.
Thousands
Tons of CO2 from natural gas, commercial plus industrial,
Tallahassee City Utility, 2001-2015
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Residential Gas Tons CO2
Commercial Gas Tons CO2
Total Res plus Comm Gas CO2 in tons
Note: Numbers of both residential and commercial natural gas customers have increased. In
recent years 10 miles of gas distribution pipelines have been added per year.
TOC
16
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
CO2 production per City of Tallahassee commercial gas
customer has increased, while CO2 production per residential
gas customer has decreased.
Tons of CO2 produced per customer, commercial and residential,
Tallahassee City Utility, 2001-2015
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Residential Gas
2007
2008
2009
2010
Commercial Gas
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total Gas
CO2 production per residential gas customer has declined by
about ~25%.
Tons of CO2 produced per residential gas
customer, Tallahassee City Utility, 2001-2015
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
TOC
17
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Note: In 2015, in Florida we used a little more than 1% as much energy from propane as we did
from natural gas. Propane use is down by more than half from its peak in 1980. In Leon County
in 2015, 3% of homes report they heat their homes with bottled gas.
Intermediate measures, stationary:
There have been steady declines in the Tallahassee City Utility’s
carbon intensity for electric generation over a 25-year period,
though the rate of decline has been less in recent years.
Carbon intensity for electricity production, Tallahassee City
Utility, in tons of CO2 produced per MWh of electricity, 19902015
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Note: A carbon intensity of 0.49 tons per MWh (the value for 2015) corresponds to 980 pounds
per MWh or 0.98 pounds per KWh.
City utility carbon intensity will decline further as large photovoltaic arrays at the airport are
brought on-line.
Carbon intensity for Talquin Electric Cooperative (TEC) in 2015 was estimated at 0.75 tons of
CO2 per MWh, similar to Tallahassee city utility’s values from the period 1990-2000. This will
change some when TEC adds solar generating capacity in the next few years. Over half of TEC’s
power, bought from Seminole Electric Co-op, currently is generated from burning coal.
The next chart shows total MWh produced by the City and by TEC by year starting in 2001. CO2
production in tons is obtained by multiplying the MWh by the carbon intensity expressed in
tons of CO2 per MWh. “CO2 in tons” = “MWh" times "tons of CO2 per MWh".
TOC
18
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Thousands
COT and TE electrical energy distribution have been essentially
flat since 2006, while COT natural gas distributed has risen. CO2
production from natural gas is simply proportional to the
amount used, while CO2 production from electricity is the
product of amount used (seen here in MWh) and carbon
intensity (tons of CO2 per MWh).
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Leon TEC Electric total MwH
COT total MwH
TOC
19
Leon natural gas used in Mcf
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
The ten biggest Tallahassee electric customers together used
almost 29% of Tallahassee utility’s electricity in 2015; FSU alone
accounted for almost 10%, and state government for almost
5%. Consumption patterns are dynamic.
Millions
Electricity consumption by 10 largest customers, Tallahassee City
Utility, by year 2001-2015, in millions of KWh
300
FSU
250
200
State of Florida
150
City of Tallahassee
100
FAMU
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
State of FL
FSU
City of Tallahassee
FAMU
LCS
TMH
Federal Govt
Leon County
Publix
Wal-Mart
14
15
Note: These 10 customers account for 23% of TOC electric utility revenues.
Consumption data not adjusted for number of square feet. FSU and FAMU have steadily added
buildings and square feet, and thus their total energy consumption is rising in spite of
conservation efforts, while the square feet of state-owned office space in Tallahassee has been
going down.
TOC
20
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
MWh consumed by ten largest retail electric customers, City of
Tallahassee utility, year ended 9/30/2015
Florida State University
State of Florida
City of Tallahassee
Florida A&M University
Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
Leon County Schools
Leon County
Federal government
WalMart
Publix
MWh
% of total retail sales
267,006,164
133,325,040
95,437,550
65,088,742
53,912,145
45,857,279
31,261,853
28,543,344
27,997,050
27,174,186
9.97
4.98
3.56
2.43
2.01
1.71
1.17
1.07
1.05
1.01
TOC
21
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Inputs, stationary
Total on-site photovoltaic generating capacity in Leon Co has
increased greatly since 2006; little change since 2013. Capacity
in 2015 is ~1700 KW or 1.7 MW, while Phase I solar electric
array at the airport will generate the equivalent of 25 MW.
Installed solar capacity in Kw, Tallahassee, FL, at end of each
year, 2006-2015
1800
Data source: Ten Year Site Plans,
Tallahsseee Electric Utility
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
City-managed
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Customer-installed
The City of Tallahassee adds 10 to 15 miles of natural gas
pipeline each year.
Tallahassee city utility, Miles of gas pipeline in place, 2001-2015
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
TOC
22
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
COT Demand Side Management -- COT utility estimates that the
cumulative effect of nine years’ activities is annual savings of
73,000 MWh of electricity use going forward.
Counts of demand reduction activities taken by the COT utilities:
Activity
# of Residential Energy Audits
Energy Star Appliance Rebates
Homes served by Neighborhood Reach
Gas Appliance Conversion Rebates
High Efficiency HVAC Rebates
Water Heater Rebates
Ceiling Insulation Grants
Energy Efficiency Loans
Commercial Energy Audits
Energy Star New Home Rebates
Variable Speed Pool Pump Rebates
Participants in Nights & Weekends
2015
6,699
3,667
1,232
1,010
840
702
776
447
215
75
52
1,933
2016
6,011
2,809
1,132
1,022
787
692
638
479
161
110
52
2,095
Through 2016, ~8000 homes had served by the Neighborhood Reach Program.
Estimated annual energy savings per year resulting from COT demand reduction
activities, 2008-2016; nine-year total is 73,000 MWh.
Calendar
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Incremental
Energy Savings
(MWh)
6,193
9,228
12,110
8,798
7,190
8,527
8,559
6,454
6,029
23
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
There is a great deal of year-to-year variability in both heating
degree days and cooling degree days. Tallahassee’s 2016-2017
winter was unusually warm.
Monthly totals of heating and cooling degree days at the
Tallahassee airport, January 2000 to March 2017
700
600
500
400
300
200
5/1/16
12/1/16
3/1/15
10/1/15
8/1/14
1/1/14
6/1/13
4/1/12
11/1/12
9/1/11
2/1/11
7/1/10
5/1/09
12/1/09
3/1/08
Cooling degree days
10/1/08
8/1/07
1/1/07
6/1/06
11/1/05
4/1/05
9/1/04
2/1/04
7/1/03
12/1/02
5/1/02
10/1/01
3/1/01
8/1/00
0
1/1/00
100
Heating degree days
For each day, if the average of the high and low temperatures is greater than 65 degrees,
subtract 65 from that average to get the number of cooling degree days for that day. Then add
up the values for each day to get a monthly total. For heating degree days, do the reverse
procedure.
Source is Bizee Degree Days website operated by Weather Underground and using US National
Weather Service data.
TOC
24
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Mobile sources:
Outcome measures, mobile:
Overall CO2 production attributable to Leon County motor
vehicles has been increasing slowly but steadily since 2008.
Total CO2 from vehicles (gas and diesel), in
tons, Leon County, 2008-2015
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total CO2 in short tons
Population and number of registered vehicles have also been
going up.
Population and number of registered vehicles,
Leon County, 2008-2016
400,000
300,000
200,000
Vehicles
100,000
Est population
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
25
2014
2015
2016
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
CO2 produced per vehicle per year has been steady over the
period.
CO2 per vehicle per year, in tons, Leon
County, 2008-2015
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
CO2 per vehicle
CO2 produced by motor vehicles has also been steady when
expressed as tons per capita.
CO2 per capita per year from gas and diesel motor
vehicles, in tons, Leon Co., 2008-2015
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CO2 per capita, in tons
TOC
26
2013
2014
2015
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Intermediate measures, mobile:
Sales of gasoline in Leon County have been increasing steadily
2008-2015, while diesel sales have been close to flat.
Gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel sold in Leon
County, by year, 2008-2015, from FL DOR
160,000,000.0
120,000,000.0
80,000,000.0
Gasoline
Diesel
40,000,000.0
0.0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Miles traveled per day dipped during 2011-13 but have since
rebounded.
Vehicle miles traveled per day, Leon County, by year, 2008-2015, from FL
Highway Dept
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
27
2012
2013
2014
2015
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Miles driven per vehicle per day in Leon County are very stable;
they dipped slightly in 2011 and have not recovered to earlier
values.
Miles driven per vehicle per day, Leon County,
2008-1015
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
TOC
28
2013
2014
2015
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Inputs, mobile
Miles driven, in total or per vehicle, appears to be only very
weakly responsive to the retail price of gasoline.
Florida average monthly retail gas prices in dollars, June 2003 -April 2017
TOC
29
Nov-16
Apr-16
Sep-15
Feb-15
Jul-14
Dec-13
May-13
Oct-12
Mar-12
Aug-11
Jan-11
Jun-10
Nov-09
Apr-09
Sep-08
Feb-08
Jul-07
Dec-06
May-06
Oct-05
Mar-05
Aug-04
Jan-04
Jun-03
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Star Metro annual passenger trips peaked in 2011 and have
now fallen to their lowest level in the 15-year period.
Thousands
Star Metro annual passenger trips, 2001-2015
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
TOC
30
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Star Metro busses are somewhat less full on average in recent
years, as measured by passenger miles per vehicle mile.
Average number of passengers per Star Metro bus, 2001-2015
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Note: Each time a bus carries one passenger one mile, that is a passenger-mile. Each time a bus
travels one mile, regardless of how many passengers it is carrying, that is one vehicle mile. The
ratio of passenger miles to vehicle miles captures how full the busses are on average. So, in
2014, the average bus in service was carrying 6 passengers.
TOC
31
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Most commuters in Leon County (≥ 80%) travel to work alone in
their cars, and that percentage is rising.
Travel to work by persons employed in Leon County, by
mode, from US Census, 2000 to 2013-15
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2000
2007-2009
2010-2012
2013-2015
Drove alone
2-person Carpool
3-or-more-person Carpool
Transit
Bike
Walked
Taxi, Motorcycle and Other means
Worked at Home
Note: The % who carpool has decreased from 2000 to 2013-2015. The % who either walked or
bicycled to work increased from 2.0% to 2.8%.
TOC
32
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Tallahassee is investing in protected and buffered bike lanes
and marked bike boulevards, to deepen existing networks of
conventional bike lanes, streets with sharrow lane markings,
and trails.
Tallahassee/Leon County bicycle infrastructure in place, 2015-16
End of
2015
Protected bike lanes
Buffered bike lanes
Conventional bike lanes
Marked bike boulevards
Off-street paved trails or paths (in city)
Off-street natural surface trails or paths (in city)
Shared lane markings
Off-street paved trails or paths up to 5 miles outside city
Off-street natural surface trails or paths up to 5 miles outside city
Public bike parking spaces
Grade separated crossings
End of
2016
0
0
136
0
28
85
23
14.7
32
1000
0
Florida market share for Battery Electric Vehicles and Plug-in
Hybrid Electric Vehicles together has been rising since 2011 and
in 2016 was 0.46%.
Florida sales of electric vehicles, by year and type, 2011-2016.
Street-legal only, no cycles.
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
Battery EV
2015
2016
Plug-in Hybrid EV
Note: Market share for these vehicles in California was 3.59% in 2016, and national market
share was 0.83%.
33
1.3
4.8
136
1.2
28
85
24
14.7
32
1010
1
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
Data sources, assumptions and conversion factors
Note that we are including in our commercial CO2 production estimates some CO2 releases
attributable to manufacturing activities in Leon County, where the manufactured products
leave the county. Still, we import far more in the way of manufactured goods, food, and
information than we export.
Converting MWh of electricity generation at City of Tallahassee power plants to CO2 produced:
we use the year-specific carbon intensity figures provided by COT.
Converting MWh of electricity supplied to Leon County customers by Talquin Electric
Cooperative: we use proportions of electricity generated from coal, natural gas, and
renewables as supplied by TEC, and apply national averages for CO2 production from those
various fuel sources to the estimated amount of TEC electrical power used in Leon County. We
use proportions from 2015 and assume they have been unchanged since 2001.
We use 2015 estimates from TEC that 50% of residential customers and 40.5% of commercial
customers are in Leon County. We assume that electricity used within these categories is
proportional to the number of customers.
We assume that the number of vehicles registered in Leon County is the same fraction of
vehicles actually domiciled in Leon County over time, 2008 to 2015, so that we can interpret
changes in usage of motor fuel to be correlated to changes in number of vehicles registered.
We assume that motor fuel sold in Leon County is a good approximation of motor fuel used,
and that this approximation is stable over the period 2008-2015.
We obtained total gallons of gasoline and of diesel fuel sold in Leon County each year from the
Florida Department of Revenue.
We obtained number of miles driven, by year, in Leon County from the Florida Department of
Transportation.
We obtained number of registered vehicles in Leon County at the end of each year from the
Florida Department of Motor Vehicles.
We obtained annual numbers of passengers, vehicle miles, and passenger miles for Star Metro
(and Taltran) from the Florida Department of Transportation.
We obtained counts of electric vehicles sold in Florida from xxxxx website.
We obtained information about MWh of electricity sold and CCF of natural gas sold by the City
of Tallahassee utility, by year, by type of customer, from each year’s Annual Report to
Bondholders. That is also the source for numbers of commercial and residential customers.
34
Leon County CO2 Scorecard 2001-2015
We obtained information about MWh of electricity sold by Talquin Electric Cooperative, and
number of customers, by year, for commercial and residential customers, from the Florida
Public Service Commission.
Data about installed photoelectric capacity in Tallahassee comes from City of Tallahassee utility
Ten-Year Site Plan documents.
TOC
35