6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
CYPRUS Case Study Presentation – Diarizos river
Case study area
Presented by:
Charalambos Panayiotou
Environmental Scientist, MSc
Manager Atlantis Consulting ltd
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
– INTRODUCTION –
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DIARIZOS WATERSHED
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
GENERAL OVERVIEW
The Diarizos river valley covers
about 260 km2 in SW Cyprus and
extends along approx. 33 km
from headquarters to sea
Minimum elevation is 0 m and
maximum elevation is 1800 m.
Bunding box [lat/long of upper
left (lat: 458,978.47, long:
3,872,690.42) and lower right (lat:
488,606.67, long: 3,838,161.32)
corner minimally
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
LANDUSE
Arminou dam
Number of communities in the watershed: 28
18 communities downstream of Arminou
Dam and 10 communities upstream
Total Population:
3,550 inhabitats
mostly farmers
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
LANDUSE
Cultivated crops in watershed: DECARS
(1000 m2)
Citrus:
880
Deciduous :
1460
Olives:
250
Vines:
130
Fodder:
80
Potatoes:
30
Vegetables:
30
TOTAL
2860
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
GEOLOGY
IGNEOUS ROCKS
43%
( All are upstream of Arminou Dam )
MAMONIA (MELANGE)
CHALKS
CHALKS AND MARLS
ALLUVIUM
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
13%
19%
24%
1%
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
WATER BALANCE
Dhiarizos Watershed Area up to Kouklia stream
gauging weir:
- Total area: 260 km²
- Precipitation: 680 mm
- Mean Annual Runoff (1965-1998) :
(MCM) or 96mm
25
Million m³
- Median Annual Runoff (1965-1998) : 19.3 Million m³
(MCM) or 75mm
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
– PROGRESS –
TASKS ACHIEVED TO THE PRESENT TIME
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Dhiarizos River Basin
The Dhiarizos River Basin consists of
seven sub catchments
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
River Basin Topology
SUB-2
SUB-1
SUB-5
DRINK
SUB-5
IRRIG
SUB-3
The 4 Upper Catchment Start Nodes (SUB1-4)
SUB-4
ARMINOU DAM
KOURIS
FAULT 1
PAFOS IRRIG WELL
SUB-6
DRINK
SUB-6
PISSOURI
SUB-7
DRINK
SUB-7
FAULT 2
AVDIMOU-ALEKTORA-PARAMALI
SUB-5
WETLAND
WELL
SUB-7
IRRIG
Diversion to Kouris Dam
SUB-6
IRRIG
Diversion to villages
Subcatchment 6 Wells for Drinking Water
Subcatchment 6 Wells for Irrigation
Diversion to Pissouri village
This node arrangement represents
the wells (Start Node) used for the
water demands of the Pafos
Irrigation Works
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
WATER IN
The main INFLOW to the basin for the year 2005 comes from the
subcatchments runoff:
Subcatchment 1 (Start Node) = 3 Mm3/ year
Subcatchment 2 (Start Node) = 3.51 Mm3/ year
Subcatchment 3 (Start Node) = 3.42 Mm3/ year
Subcatchment 4 (Start Node) = 3.39 Mm3/year
Subcatchment 5 (Start Node) = 7.10 Mm3/year
Subcatchment 6 (Start Node) = 5.91 Mm3/year
Subcatchment 7 (Start Node) = 3.77 Mm3/year
Total Inflow from Subcatchments = 30.10 Mm3/year
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
WATER OUT
The main basin’s OUTFLOW for the year 2005 goes to irrigation and
drinking water:
Irrigation = 2.08 Mm3/year
Drinking Water = 1.01 Mm3/year
Kouris Dam (Irrigation & Drinking) = 4.39 Mm3/ year
Pafos Irrigation Works = 2.31 Mm3/ year
Avdimou-Alektora-Paramali villages (Irrigation & Drinking) = 0.62 Mm3/ year
Pissouri Municipality(Irrigation & Drinking) = 0.30 Mm3/ year
Wetland Well = 0.01 Mm3/ year
Total Basin Outflow = 10.72 Mm3/ year
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Node Description
The Dhiarizos river basin model network consists of:
- Four start nodes (Subcatchment 1- Subcatchment 4) describing the
runoff from the four upper basin subcatchments. All four nodes end
up in Arminou Dam.
- One Reservoir Node (Arminou Dam) represents the Arminou dam. This
dam is used to divert Dhiarizos flows to Kouris Dam represented by an
End Node (kouris) and to Dhiarizos valley for irrigation and aquifer
recharge.
- Two Start Nodes (SUB5 Drinking Water Wells, SUB5 Irrigation Wells)
and Two Demand Nodes (SUB5 Drinking Water, SUB5 Irrigation) in
Subcatchment 5. One simulate the demand and corresponding
obstructions from drinking water wells and the other simulates the
demand and corresponding obstructions for irrigation wells.
- One Demand Node (Sub5 Fault) simulating Water losses at Fault in the
Upper Diarizos Region.
- One Start Node (Subcatchment 5) simulating the runoff from
Subcatchment 5.
- One End Node (Avdimou-Alektora-Paramali villages) simulating the
obstructions for Avdimou-Alektora-Paramali villages.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Node Description
-
-
Two Start Nodes (SUB6 Drinking Water Wells, SUB6 Irrigation Wells)
and Two Demand Nodes (SUB6 Drinking Water, SUB6 Irrigation) in
Subcatchment 6, that one simulates the demand and corresponding
obstructions from drinking water wells and the other simulates the
demand and corresponding obstructions for irrigation wells.
One Start Node (Subcatchment 6) simulating the runoff from
Subcatchment 6.
One Start Node (Wetland Well) and Demand Node (Ag. Georgios
Wetland) to simulate the well obstructions for Ag. Georgios Wetland.
One End Node (Pissouri Municipality) simulating the obstructions for
the Pissouri Municipality.
One Start Node (Pafos Irrigation Wells) simulating the obstructions for
the Pafos Irrigation Works.
One Demand Node (Pafos Irrigation Demand) simulating the Water
demand of Kouklia village that is located within the Dhiarizos basin.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Node Description
-
-
One End Node (Pafos irrigation works) simulating the amount of water
transferred outside the Dhiarizos basin for irrigation purposes.
Two Start Nodes (SUB7 Drinking Water Wells, SUB7 Irrigation Wells)
and Two Demand Nodes (SUB7 Drinking Water, SUB7 Irrigation) in
Subcatchment 7, that one simulates the demand and corresponding
obstructions from drinking water wells and the other simulates the
demand and corresponding obstructions for irrigation wells.
One Start Node (Subcatchment 7) simulating the runoff from
Subcatchment 7.
One Demand Node (Sub7 Fault) simulating the water losses occurring
at the faults in the Dhiarizos basin.
One Control Node (Kouklia Weir) simulating the weir at Kouklia.
One End Node (end) describing the end of the Dhiarizos basin.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Optimization scenario 1
According to this scenario, there is a drought in the
island and the desalination plants of Cyprus are
prompted to produce all the water needed for
drinking and irrigation.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Optimization scenario 2
According to this scenario, there is water shortage in
the island and the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural
Resources and the Environment announces the
reduction in the supply of irrigation water by 70%.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Optimization Scenario 3
According to Scenario 3, a community experiences
great water losses in the irrigation piping system
and decides to change the irrigation pipelines in
order to decrease losses from the grid. The capital
investment for the irrigation system is 240,000 €.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
Costs & Benefits
In all scenarios developed,
the shortfall cost for Irrigation or the cost for buying 1m3 of water for
irrigation during shortage of water was set at 0.957 €/ m3 which is the
price for desalinated water in Cyprus and
The use benefit or the benefit gained for using 1m3 of water was
assigned at 0.20 €/ m3 which is the price for irrigation water in Cyprus.
The shortfall cost for Drinking Water is the same as for irrigation
water and was again assigned at 0.957 €/ m3 (price of desalinated
water) and
The use benefit or the benefit gained for using 1m3 of water was
assigned at 0.57 €/ m3 which is the price for drinking water in the
Dhiarizos river basin.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS
6th
European Commission
Framework Programme for research and Technological Development
Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA
thank you.
URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS