Designing Computers for Special
People."
Ray Adams
Adams, R. 38 slides
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Ray Adams
 Centre Head, CIRCUA, Middlesex
University
 Churchill College and PRRG, Queens
College, University of Cambridge
 Associate Fellow BPsS
 Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society
Adams, R. 38 slides
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Egocentric design for UA
 The Ego of the designer
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designed
designed
“geeks”
designed
designed
designed
designed
⇛
by me for me
by me for other
for
for
for
for
many “geeks”
users
consumers
all
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Egocentric design for UA

The Ego of the
user ⇛
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designed for the
stereotype
designed for the
profitable
designed market
share
designed for
inclusion
designed for the
inclusive Information
Society
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Egocentric design for UA

The Ego of the
system ⇛
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designed by a
programmer
designed by a systems
engineer
designed by a usability
expert
designed for
accessibility expert
designed for
customisation
designed for adaptation
designed for adaptivity
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BUT WHO IS IN
CONTROL?
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Egocentric design for UA
The Challenge of Diversity
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Egocentric design for UA
Egocentric design;
the capability of interactive system
designers and users to design and
develop new systems or variants of
existing systems that focus on
meeting their requirements better.
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Egocentric design for UA
This is a dynamically growing area
of intense activity, driven by;
 user pressure,
 European policy on e-inclusion
and
 the commercial need for increased
market share.
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Egocentric design for UA
To understand the concept of
"egocentric design" better, a
number of supporting concepts are
presented
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Egocentric design for UA
1. assistive technology,
2. ubiquitous design,
3. pervasive computing,
4. the information appliance,
5. universal access,
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Egocentric design for UA
6. Universal usability
7. design for all,
8. adaptable and adaptive
technology,
9. ambient intelligence and
10.the invisible computer.
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Egocentric design for UA
An attempt is made to pull these
vital concepts together in order to
consider the future of computing
science in the emerging
Information Society."
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Egocentric design for UA
Total immersion virtual reality
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Egocentric design for UA
 Global technologies
Cognitive technologies
 Smart technologies
 Virtual realities
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Egocentric design for UA

augmented cognition
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Egocentric design for UA
 a systematic approach
 simple user modelling
 cognitive user models
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Egocentric design for UA
 a systematic approach
 simple user modelling
 cognitive user models
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Egocentric design for UA
 simplistic cognitive
models
Maltese cross
Simplex
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Egocentric design for UA
 a list of cognitive factors is
not enough
cognitive architecture
needed
specify how functions work
together
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Stimulus & Response?
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The initial studies
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Stimulus -response
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Expanding the
concept
(animals)
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Life is more complex
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Simple task
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Simple task?
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SIMPLEX ONE
WORKING MEMORY
INPUT
EXECUTIVE
OUTPUT
LONG TERM MEMORY
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SIMPLEX TWO
Working
memory
Emotions
drives
INPUT
OUTPUT
EXEC.
Feedback
Complex
output
LONG
TERM
Mental
models
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Egocentric design for UA
 Validate the model:
 Adams, R. (2007).
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Decision and Stress: Cognition and eAccessibility in the Information
Workplace.
Universal Access in the Information
Society. 5, 363-379.
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Egocentric design for UA
 Apply the model:
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systematic
identify abilities disabilities
develop solutions / skills
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Egocentric design for UA
 Recipe for egocentric
design (1) modelling;
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users
platforms
tasks / functions
contexts of use
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Egocentric design for UA
 Recipe for egocentric design
(2) application of expertise;
user psychology
 accessibility
 task analysis
 links between design and
coding
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Egocentric design for UA
 Recipe for egocentric
design (3) enjoy!
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