Notes
Section 2.2: States of Matter
Matter and Energy
What are the 4 states of Matter?
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
The 3 States of Matter: Characteristics
How do you change
a state of matter?
Melting
• The process
by which a
solid
becomes a
liquid.
Molecular Movement of Melting
SOLID
LIQUID
Heat gives
particles ENERGY
Melting Point
• The lowest temperature
at which a substance
begins to melt.
Melting Points
Nitrogen -345.82 F
Oxygen
-361.12 F
Iron
2795.0 F
Carbon
6332.0 F
Helium
-457.6 F
Sodium
207.9 F
Freezing
The process by
which a liquid
becomes a solid.
Molecular Movement of Freezing
LIQUID
SOLID
The heat leaves…and
the energy from the
particles
decreases…creating a
solid
Are these items frozen?
Freezing Point
• The temperature at
which a specific liquid
becomes a solid.
Time to Think!
• What is the relationship between a
substance’s melting point and
freezing point?
• They are the same temperature!
Evaporation
• The process by which a
liquid becomes a gas.
Molecular Movement of Evaporation
Add heat to a liquid…
Word Study
• The root of the word
vapor
evaporation is ____________,
a Latin word meaning
steam
_____________________.
Sublimation
• The process
by which a
solid changes
directly to a
gas.
Boiling
• The process by which a
liquid becomes
a gas and
produces
bubbles.
Molecular Movement of Boiling
Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a
substance changes from its
liquid state to its gas state.
Condensation
• The process by which a gas changes
its state to become a liquid.
Beads of water that
have condensed
from the
surrounding air.
Molecular Movement of Condensation
GAS
LIQUID
The heat
leaves…
and the
energy
from the
particles
decreases
…creating
a liquid
Word Study
• The root of the word
condensation is
______________,
which comes
condense
from a Latin word meaning
to thicken
____________________.
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