6+2:&$6(215(6($5&+
5HGR[ELRORJ\LQ6DFFKDURP\FHVFHUHYLVLDH
$QLWD$\HUDQG,DQ'DZHV
6FKRRORI%LRWHFKQRORJ\DQG%LRPROHFXODU6FLHQFHV8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ6RXWK:DOHV6\GQH\16:
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRULGDZHV#XQVZHGXDX
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KHFRQFHSWRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVLVFRPPRQO\XVHGLQWKH
FXUUHQWOLWHUDWXUHH[DPLQLQJWKHDHWLRORJ\DQGSDWKRJHQHVLV
RI QXPHURXV GLVHDVH VWDWHV :KLOH R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV VHHPV
WR EH DQ LQWXLWLYHO\ FOHDU FRQFHSW LW LV LQWULQVLFDOO\ OLQNHG
ZLWK WKH FHOOXODU UHGR[ PLOLHX PDNLQJ LW LQ UHDOLW\ KDUG
WR GHÀQH DQG HYHQ KDUGHU WR TXDQWLWDWH 7KH FRPSOH[LW\
RI WKH FHOOXODU UHGR[ HQYLURQPHQW LV KLJKOLJKWHG E\ WKH
IDFWWKDWWKHUHGR[DFWLYHPHWDEROLWHVRIWKHFHOODUHQRWLQ
WKHUPRG\QDPLF HTXLOLEULXP DQG LW LV RIWHQ XQFOHDU KRZ
UHDGLO\ WKH\ H[FKDQJH UHGR[ HTXLYDOHQWV ZLWK HDFK RWKHU
DQG DFURVV WKH ERXQGDULHV RI VXEFHOOXODU FRPSDUWPHQWV
ZKLFKKDYHGLIIHUHQWS+VDQGUHGR[SRWHQWLDOV
&RQVLGHUDEOHUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQXQGHUWDNHQWRVWXG\WKH
SURFHVVHVWKDWSURWHFWDJDLQVWRUUHSDLUR[LGDWLYHGDPDJH
+RZHYHU WKH PHFKDQLVPV LQ SODFH WR PDLQWDLQ QRUPDO
RU ¶VWHDG\VWDWH· UHGR[ KRPHRVWDVLV DUH DOVR LPSRUWDQW
WR EXIIHU DJDLQVW R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ WKHVH
PHFKDQLVPVDUHSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRGDVDUHWKHPHFKDQLVPV
E\ZKLFKFHOOVVHWDQGVHQVHFKDQJHVWRUHGR[VWDWH7KXV
XQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHUHJXODWLRQRIFHOOXODUUHGR[KRPHRVWDVLV
LV D VLJQLÀFDQW LVVXH LQ WKH ÀHOG RI UHGR[ ELRORJ\ DQG
R[LGDWLYHVWUHVVUHVHDUFK
6WXG\LQJ5HGR[+RPHRVWDVLV
$ VLJQLÀFDQW LVVXH LQ R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV UHVHDUFK KDV EHHQ
WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV DQG UHGR[
KRPHRVWDVLV :KLOH VLJQLÀFDQW WUDQVFULSWLRQDO DQG
SKHQRW\SLFVWXGLHVKDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWWRLQYHVWLJDWH
IXQFWLRQVUHTXLUHGIRUWKHUHVSRQVHVWRGLIIHUHQWIRUPVRI
R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV LW LV GLIÀFXOW IURP VXFK VWXGLHV WR IXOO\
XQGHUVWDQG WKH FHOOXODU LPSDFW RI R[LGDQWV DQG YDULRXV
VWUHVVFRQGLWLRQVRQWKHFHOOXODUUHGR[VWDWH7RVWXG\WKH
UHJXODWLRQRIWKHFHOOXODUUHGR[HQYLURQPHQWHLWKHUGXULQJ
VWHDG\VWDWHRULQUHVSRQVHWRVWUHVVHVGLUHFWPHDVXUHPHQW
RI WKH UHGR[ VWDWH LV YLWDO *LYHQ WKDW QXPHURXV UHGR[
FRXSOHV H[LVW LQ ELRORJLFDO VHWWLQJV LW LV RIWHQ LPSUDFWLFDO
WRTXDQWLWDWHWKHUHGR[VWDWHRIDOOFRXSOHVZKHQVWXG\LQJ
UHGR[ KRPHRVWDVLV 7R RYHUFRPH WKLV WKH UHGR[ VWDWH RI
D UHSUHVHQWDWLYH UHGR[ FRXSOH VXFK DV WKH WZRHOHFWURQ
UHGXFWLRQ KDOIFHOO SRWHQWLDO RI WKH JOXWDWKLRQH GLVXOÀGH
JOXWDWKLRQH FRXSOH *66* + H Æ *6+ LV
IUHTXHQWO\XVHGDVDQLQGLFDWRURIWKHFHOOXODURUVXEFHOOXODU
UHGR[VWDWH7KHJOXWDWKLRQHUHGR[FRXSOHLVFRQVLGHUHGWKH
SULPDU\FHOOXODUUHGR[EXIIHU,WVKLJKFHOOXODUFRQFHQWUDWLRQ
²P0DQGORZUHGR[SRWHQWLDO(· P9DWS+
UHQGHU WKH *66**6+ FRXSOH DV RQH RI WKH PDLQ
GHWHUPLQDQWVRIWKHFHOOXODUUHGR[HQYLURQPHQW
(VWLPDWLQJ WKH UHGR[ HQYLURQPHQW RI FHOOV KDV
FRQYHQWLRQDOO\EHHQSHUIRUPHGYLDLQYLWURDVVD\VRUG\HV
ERWKRIZKLFKSUHVHQWQRWDEOHSUREOHPVZKHQLQYHVWLJDWLQJ
FKDQJHVWRWKHUHGR[VWDWHRIFHOOV)LUVWVXFKPHWKRGVGR
QRW DOORZ IRU WKH G\QDPLF PHDVXUHPHQW RI UHGR[ VWDWH
9RO1R$SULO
6HFRQGWKH\GRQRWDOORZPHDVXUHPHQWRIUHGR[VWDWHLQ
GLVWLQFW FHOOXODU FRPSDUWPHQWV VLQFH WKH\ HPSOR\ ZKROH
FHOOO\VDWHVLQZKLFKFHOOFRPSDUWPHQWVKDYHEHHQPL[HG
*LYHQ WKLV FXUUHQW DVVD\V ODFN WKH VSHFLÀFLW\ UHTXLUHG
WR PHDVXUH FRPSDUWPHQWDO JOXWDWKLRQH DQG DUH KLJKO\
SURQH WR DUWHIDFWXDO HUURU DV DXWRR[LGDWLRQ RI UHGXFHG
JOXWDWKLRQHLVRIWHQXQDYRLGDEOHGXULQJFHOOO\VLV
,QYLYR)OXRUHVFHQW3UREHVIRU5HGR[6WDWH$QDO\VLV
7R RYHUFRPH VXFK SUREOHPV D VHULHV RI UHGR[VHQVLWLYH
JUHHQÁXRUHVFHQWSURWHLQVKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGWRIDFLOLWDWH
WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI UHGR[ VWDWH LQ GLVWLQFW FHOOXODU
FRPSDUWPHQWV LQ D UHDOWLPH DQG QRQLQYDVLYH PDQQHU
2QHVXFKSUREHLVUHGR[VHQVLWLYHJUHHQÁXRUHVFHQWSURWHLQ
UR*)3 7KH UHGR[ VWDWH RI WKH UR*)3 SUREH LV
SUHGRPLQDQWO\ LQÁXHQFHG E\ WKH KDOIFHOO SRWHQWLDO RI
WKH JOXWDWKLRQH GLVXOÀGHJOXWDWKLRQH FRXSOH PDNLQJ
LW LGHDO IRU DQDO\VHV RI LQ YLYR UHGR[ VWDWH EDVHG RQ WKH
JOXWDWKLRQH UHGR[ FRXSOH UR*)3 KDV VHYHUDO PXWDWLRQV
LQWURGXFHG LQWR WKH EDVLF *)3 ÁXRURSKRUH LQFOXGLQJ
LQVHUWLRQRIWZRNH\F\VWHLQHUHVLGXHV4&DQG6&
LQWKHEHWDEDUUHORIWKHSURWHLQ7KHHQJLQHHUHGF\VWHLQHV
XQGHUJR UHYHUVLEOH GLVXOÀGH ERQG IRUPDWLRQ LQ UHVSRQVH
WR WKH SURWHLQ·V UHGR[ HQYLURQPHQW $V GHVFULEHG LQ
+DQVRQ HW DO UR*)3 KDV WZR H[FLWDWLRQ SHDNV DW
aQPDQGQPFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHFKURPRSKRUH
EHLQJLQWKHSURWRQDWHGRUGHSURWRQDWHGVWDWH,QUHGXFLQJ
HQYLURQPHQWV WKH F\VWHLQHV UHPDLQ UHGXFHG UHVXOWLQJ LQ
LQFUHDVHG H[FLWDWLRQ RI WKH FKURPRSKRUH DW QP ZLWK
D FRQFXUUHQW GHFUHDVH LQ H[FLWDWLRQ DW QP ,Q PRUH
R[LGLVLQJHQYLURQPHQWVWKHUHLVDGHFUHDVHLQH[FLWDWLRQDW
QPDQGDVLPXOWDQHRXVLQFUHDVHLQH[FLWDWLRQDWQP
7KHUHIRUHWKHUDWLRRIÁXRUHVFHQFHLQWHQVLW\DIWHUH[FLWDWLRQ
DWQPDQGQPUHIHUUHGWRDVWKHUR*)35
LQFUHDVHVLQPRUHR[LGLVLQJHQYLURQPHQWVDQGFDQEHXVHG
DV DQ LQGLFDWRU RI FKDQJHV LQ WKH FHOOXODU DQG VXEFHOOXODU
UHGR[HQYLURQPHQW
S+DQG5HGR[
S+ LV LQWHJUDO WR FDOFXODWLQJ WKH UHGR[ VWDWH RI FHOOXODU
FRPSDUWPHQWV DFFXUDWHO\ VLQFH FKDQJHV LQ LQWUDFHOOXODU
S+ DIIHFW WKH UHGXFWLRQ SRWHQWLDO RI VRPH UHGR[ FRXSOHV
LQFOXGLQJ WKH JOXWDWKLRQH FRXSOH DOWHULQJ WKHLU IXQFWLRQ
DV D UHGR[ EXIIHU ,W LV WKHUHIRUH LPSRUWDQW WR PHDVXUH
WKH S+ RI VXEFHOOXODU FRPSDUWPHQWV ZKHQ DQDO\VLQJ WKH
FHOOXODU UHGR[ HQYLURQPHQW WR HYDOXDWH WKH FRQWULEXWLRQ
RI R[LGDWLRQUHGXFWLRQ RI WKH UHGR[ EXIIHU DQG FKDQJHV
LQS+RQDQ\FKDQJHVREVHUYHGS+OXRULQLVD*)3EDVHG
UDWLRPHWULFSUREHWKDWDOORZVIRUWKHLQYLYRPHDVXUHPHQW
RI S+ EHWZHHQ S+ DQG /LNH UR*)3 S+OXRULQ
KDVLQFUHDVHGHPLVVLRQDIWHUH[FLWDWLRQDWQPLQPRUH
DONDOLQH HQYLURQPHQWV ZLWK D FRQFRPLWDQW GHFUHDVH LQ
HPLVVLRQ DIWHU H[FLWDWLRQ DW QP DQG YLFH YHUVD DV WKH
$8675$/,$1%,2&+(0,67
3DJH
6+2:&$6(21
5(6($5&+
5HGR[%LRORJ\LQ
6DFFKDURP\FHVFHUHYLVLDH
5HGR[6WDWHLQ2UJDQHOOHV
0DQ\ V\VWHPV DUH LQ SODFH WR DOORZ PDLQWHQDQFH RI
WKH UHGR[ VWDWH RI FRXSOHV VXFK DV WKH 1$'31$'3+
DQG *66**6+ FRXSOHV DQG DOVR IRU GHWR[LÀFDWLRQ
RI UHDFWLYH R[\JHQ VSHFLHV +RZHYHU QRW DOO V\VWHPV
DUH HTXDOO\ GLVWULEXWHG WKURXJKRXW HDFK VXEFHOOXODU
FRPSDUWPHQW ZLWK WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI UHGR[ DFWLYH
VSHFLHV LQ HDFK FRPSDUWPHQW YDU\LQJ 7KH V\VWHPV
SUHVHQWLQHDFKFRPSDUWPHQWUHÁHFWIRUWKHPRVWSDUWWKH
PHWDEROLF SDWKZD\V DQG UHVXOWLQJ R[LGDWLYH EXUGHQV
WKDW WKH RUJDQHOOH IDFHV WKURXJKRXW WKH JURZWK F\FOH
$FRQVLGHUDEOHFKDOOHQJHIRUUHGR[ELRORJLVWVKDV
EHHQWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRIRUJDQHOODUUHGR[VWDWHV
LQRUGHUWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHPHFKDQLVPVE\ZKLFK
'$3,
LQGLYLGXDO RUJDQHOOHV UHJXODWH UHGR[ VWDWH DQG
UHVSRQGWRFKDQJHVLQWKHLUUHGR[HQYLURQPHQW
3UREHV VXFK DV UR*)3 DQG S+OXRULQ KDYH
EHHQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ XVHG LQ QXPHURXV V\VWHPV
LQFOXGLQJPDPPDOLDQFHOOFXOWXUH\HDVW
DQGSODQWVDQGFDQEHVSHFLÀFDOO\WDUJHWHGWR
GLVWLQFWFHOOXODUFRPSDUWPHQWV)LJDOORZLQJ
IRU WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI VXEFHOOXODU UHGR[ VWDWH LQ
DQLQYLYRG\QDPLFDQGUHDOWLPHPDQQHU6XFK
SUREHVDOORZVWXGLHVRQUHGR[KRPHRVWDVLVDQG
WKHHIIHFWVRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVWREHFRQGXFWHGRQ
DVXEFHOOXODUOHYHO
HQYLURQPHQW EHFRPHV PRUH DFLGLF S+OXRULQ ZDV
FRQVWUXFWHG YLD UDQGRP PXWDJHQHVLV RI *)3 ZLWK WKH
UHVXOWLQJ SUREH FRQWDLQLQJ 6+ (' 6( 1/
1,.4,95+DQG/)PXWDWLRQVZKLFK
IDFLOLWDWHWKHVZLWFKLQJEHWZHHQÁXRURSKRUHFRQIRUPDWLRQV
LQ UHVSRQVH WR S+ FKDQJHV LQ WKH FKURPRSKRUH 7KH
LQWUDFHOOXODU S+ FDQ WKHQ EH HVWLPDWHG E\ FDOLEUDWLQJ
FHOOV LQ EXIIHUV RI YDULRXV S+ WR FUHDWH D VWDQGDUG FXUYH
7RJHWKHU WKH UR*)3 DQG S+OXRULQ SUREHV FDQ EH XVHG
WRDFFXUDWHO\GHWHUPLQHWKHFHOOXODUUHGR[VWDWH(*6+RID
FHOOXODUHQYLURQPHQWXVLQJDPRGLÀHG1HUQVWHTXDWLRQ
$
%ULJKWILHOG
*)3
&\WRVRO
0LWRFKRQGULDO
PDWUL[
3HUR[LVRPH
8VLQJUR*)3WR8QGHUVWDQG2UJDQHOOH
5HVSRQVHVWR+\GURJHQ3HUR[LGHLQ
6DFFKDURP\FHVFHUHYLVLDH
+\GURJHQSHUR[LGHLVRQHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQ
R[LGDQWV XVHG WR WHVW WKH ¶R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV·
VHQVLWLYLW\UHVLVWDQFH RI \HDVW FHOOV :KLOH PDQ\
FHOOIXQFWLRQVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLÀHGDVHVVHQWLDOIRU
WROHUDQFHWRK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHLQFOXGLQJ'1$
UHSDLU DQG WKH HOHFWURQ WUDQVSRUW FKDLQWKH
HIIHFWRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHRQVXEFHOOXODUUHGR[
VWDWH LV XQNQRZQ ,Q D SUHOLPLQDU\ H[SHULPHQW
ZHWUHDWHGZLOGW\SH\HDVWFHOOVZLWKDPRGHUDWH
GRVHRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHIRUPLQXWHVSODFHG
WKHFHOOVLQIUHVKPHGLXPDQGPRQLWRUHGFKDQJHV
WRUHGR[VWDWHLQWKHF\WRVROPLWRFKRQGULDOPDWUL[
DQG SHUR[LVRPH )LJ (DFK FRPSDUWPHQW
UHFRYHUHG IURP K\GURJHQ SHUR[LGHPHGLDWHG
UHGR[ VWUHVV LQ D GLIIHUHQW PDQQHU KLJKOLJKWLQJ
WKH GLVWLQFWLYHQHVV RI HDFK FRPSDUWPHQW LQ
UHVSRQGLQJ WR K\GURJHQ SHUR[LGHPHGLDWHG
VWUHVVDQGUHGR[KRPHRVWDVLVLQJHQHUDODIDFWRU
XQDEOHWREHVWXGLHGSUHYLRXVO\
)LJ&RQIRFDOPLFURVFRS\LPDJHVRIZLOGW\SH\HDVWFHOOV
H[SUHVVLQJF\WRVROLFPLWRFKRQGULDOPDWUL[RUSHUR[LVRPDO
UR*)3RUS+OXRULQ
$&RQIRFDOPLFURVFRS\LPDJHVRIFHOOVH[SUHVVLQJ
RUJDQHOODUWDUJHWHGUR*)3
%&RQIRFDOPLFURVFRS\LPDJHVRIFHOOVH[SUHVVLQJ
RUJDQHOODUWDUJHWHGS+OXRULQ
&RQFOXVLRQ
:KLOHPDQ\LVVXHVUHPDLQWREHUHVROYHGSUREHV
VXFKDVUR*)3DQGS+OXRULQKDYHIXQGDPHQWDOO\
FKDQJHGWKHZD\LQZKLFKLVVXHVUHODWHGWRUHGR[
ELRORJ\DUHVWXGLHG,QWHJUDWLQJUHGR[VWDWHDQDO\VHV
PDGH XVLQJ VXFK SUREHV ZLWK WUDQVFULSWLRQDO
SKHQRW\SLF DQG SURWHLQEDVHG VWXGLHV DOORZV
IRUDQLQFUHDVHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHPDQQHULQ
ZKLFK ELRORJLFDO V\VWHPV UHJXODWH UHGR[ VWDWH DW
ERWKWKHFHOOXODUDQGVXEFHOOXODUOHYHO
3HUR[LVRPH
%
%ULJKWILHOG
*)3
'$3,
&\WRVRO
0LWRFKRQGULDO
PDWUL[
3DJH
$8675$/,$1%,2&+(0,67
9RO1R$SULO
$
6+2:&$6(21
5(6($5&+
5HGR[%LRORJ\LQ
6DFFKDURP\FHVFHUHYLVLDH
Dynamic response to acute hydrogen peroxide treatment
)LJ(IIHFWRIDFXWHH[SRVXUH
WRK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHRQ
FRPSDUWPHQWDO(*6+DQGS+
&HOOVZHUHWUHDWHGZLWKK\GURJHQ
SHUR[LGHP0PLQ
R&DQGWKHLUS+DQGUHGR[
HQYLURQPHQWZHUHDQDO\VHG
XVLQJÁRZF\WRPHWU\
$F\WRVROLF(*6+
%F\WRVROLFS+
&PLWRFKRQGULDOPDWUL[(*6+
'PLWRFKRQGULDOPDWUL[S+
(SHUR[LVRPDO(*6+
)SHUR[LVRPDOS+
% Cytosol
S+
(*6+P9
7LPHPLQ
&
7LPHPLQ
'
Mitochondrial
matrix
S+
(*6+P9
7LPHPLQ
(
7LPHPLQ
)
Peroxisome
S+
(*6+P9
7LPHPLQ
5HIHUHQFHV
*DVFK$36SHOOPDQ37.DR&0&DUPHO+DUHO
2(LVHQ0%6WRU]*%RWVWHLQ'DQG%URZQ32
0RO%LRO&HOO
7KRUSH*:)RQJ&6$OLF1+LJJLQV9-DQG
'DZHV,:3URF1DWO$FDG6FL86$
6FKDIHU)4DQG%XHWWQHU*5)UHH5DG%LRO
0HG
+DQVRQ*7$JJHOHU52JOHVEHH'&DQQRQ0
&DSDOGL5$7VLHQ5<DQG5HPLQJWRQ6--
%LRO&KHP
9RO1R$SULO
7LPHPLQ
*XWVFKHU03DXOHDX$/0DUW\/%UDFK7
:DEQLW]*+6DPVWDJ<0H\HU$-DQG'LFN73
1DWXUH0HWKRGV
0LHVHQERFN*'H$QJHOLV'$DQG5RWKPDQ-(
1DWXUH
6FKZDU]ODQGHU0)ULFNHU00XOOHU&0DUW\/
%UDFK71RYDN-6ZHHWORYH/+HOO5DQG0H\HU
$-0LFURVF
$\HU$7DQ6;*UDQW&00H\HU$-'DZHV
,:DQG3HUURQH**)UHH5DG%LRO0HG
7XFNHU&/DQG)LHOGV6&RPSW)XQFW
*HQRPLFV
$8675$/,$1%,2&+(0,67
3DJH
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz