The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
**
(K centered)
Lots of Today’s Information Based on
HPL
www.NAP.edu
A “Conversation
Starter”
1
Translations of HPL are
promoting global conversations
Two new publications (2005)
(
NAS
(NAP.edu)
NAEd
2
LIFE (Learning in Informal & Formal Environments)
LIFE’s Purpose:
Informal & Formal
Learning
“Adaptive
Expertise”
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The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
**
The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
(K centered)
**
4
Trying our hand at solving
a problem
.
The “Inert Knowledge” problem
Beyond “mile wide, inch deep”
Worth being
familiar with
Important to
know and do
“Enduring”
understanding
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Expertise and Noticing
(N.R. Hanson)
More on Expertise
and Noticing
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A Houseboat Expert
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Switch the Tasks
Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Adaptive vs. Routine Expertise
(Hatano & Inagaki, 1997)
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More on this later….
Adaptive
Expert
Novic
e
Routine
Expert
Innovation
Rudderless &
Overwhelmed
Efficiency
The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
(K centered)
(
**
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A Fish Story
The Fish’s Image of Birds
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The Fish’s Image of Cows
The Fish’s Image of People
Constructive nature of knowing
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Analogs to Fish is Fish
 Young children and “earth is flat”
 Preconceptions relevant to science,
history, math, global understanding, etc.)
(see new NAS & NAEd books)
 Preconceptions about what’s needed for
success in the 21st Century
– E.g. about what it means to be “lifelong
learners”
Fish is Fish continued --jumps out onto land.
 This could have happened even with
accurate depictions of cows, people, etc
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Encouraging Metacognition
Summary of the Three Principles
Preconceptions
Learning with Understanding
Metacognition
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A Challenge Cycle that fits
these principles
Flexibly Adaptive Architecture
 Course Level
 Mosaics
See VaNTH.org
 Modules
 Granules (e.g., video, audio; text;
simulations, challenges -- can add/change)
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An example of a challengebased resource
LIFE-slc.org
The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
(K centered)
**
15
Adding Adaptive Expertise
to the Picture
Adaptive
Expert
Novic
e
Routine
Expert
Innovation
Rudderless &
Overwhelmed
Efficiency
Number of Letters
Innovation
The Efficiency Dimension
(build up pattern recognition over time)
Sending
Receiving
Typing,
Reading,
Tennis, MM,
etc
Years of Practice ---->
Efficiency
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Innovation
Efficiency in comprehension is
supported by “schemas”
Jane removed her
matching
metal belt, earrings &
bracelet because she was
going to the airport.
Efficiency
Innovation
Efficiency, Schemas & Problem Solving
Bill drives to his
parents’ home
going 60 MPH
and returns
going 40 MPH
(fog). What’s his
average speed?
Efficiency
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Efficiencies can cause “functional fixedness”
Routine
Expert
Efficiency
Learning with understanding
helps increases flexibility
 Expert fisherman and lakes as dynamic systems
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Innovation
Learning skills & concepts “with understanding”
increases flexibility, but more is involved.
Routine
Expert
Efficiency
Innovation
The Innovation Dimension
(invention & restructuring often require “letting
go” of current practices, beliefs and skills------->
Routine
Expert
Efficiency
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An Example of “Letting go”
 Two men played 5 games of
checkers.
– Each won 3 games
– How is this possible?
 Land & processes
underlying innovation
– D Boehm on physics
– Teachers of physics, history,
mathematics, etc. (NAS III)
- Tough emotionally--we seek
like minds (meta cognition)
- Agricultural extension story
Letting Go in the Context of the LIFE Center
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The Learning Sciences
And Technology:
Issues & Opportunities
Adaptive
Expertise
Subsequent
Sessions
**
(K centered)
New Structures for Instruction
and Assessment
PFL
Innovation
Adaptive
Expert
Novic
e
Routine
Expert
Efficiency
SPS
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Beyond Conveyor Belts
LIFE-slc.org
Jasper: From Single
Adventures to “working smart”
QRACS
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“Customer’s” Questions that
Appear on the Web.
 How long will it take to get to X from your
headquarters? I need to carry 3 people and
equipment (bigger plane, faster speed, more
fuel)
 I want to go to spot Y ---what’s the time and
cost?
 I have a coupon for real costs plus 10% and
want to go to Z. Cost?
 [[both individual and “team” performance]]
Being innovative in order to become
more efficient
Spread sheets, simulations
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Need several cycles of action,
reflection, revision
Rethink
acceptable
performance &
identity
Develop new
habits of mind
Need QRACs
Technologies for Making
Thinking Visible
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Linking Students’ Learning
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䇻 㻳㼕㼈㼓㼄㼕㼄㼗㼒㼕㼜
㼕㼈㼖㼒㼘㼕㼆㼈㼖㻃㼄㼑㼇
㼄㼆㼗㼌㼙㼌㼗㼌㼈㼖
䇻 㻨㼐 㼅 㼈㼇㼇㼈㼇
㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼄㼗㼌㼙㼈
㼄㼖㼖㼈㼖㼖㼐 㼈㼑㼗㼖
㻬㼑㻃㻦㼏㼄㼖㼖
㼌㼑㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼖
䇻 㻵㼈㼄㼏㻐㼗㼌㼐 㼈
㼄㼖㼖㼈㼖㼖㼐 㼈㼑㼗㼖
㻤㼉㼗㼈㼕㻃㻦㼏㼄㼖㼖
䇻 㻵㼈㼖㼓㼒㼑㼖㼈㼖
㼄㼗㼗㼕㼌㼅 㼘㼗㼈㼇㻃㼄㼑㼇
Challenges
on Web
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Design
Modules and
Challenges
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Hip Injury from Accidental Fall
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Jumping
Acceleration, Deceleration and Injury
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Bungee Jumping & Pennsylvania Law
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Iron Cross - Muscle Strength
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Design of Rings Apparatus
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Balance and Stability
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Balance and Motion
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Vertebra Failure in 1D & 2D Loading
Anthropometry & Scaling
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Locomotion: Walking & Running
Define
Learning
Objectives
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Joint & Muscle Mechanics
Review
Taxonomy
Mechanics Review
㻷㼄㼛㼒㼑㼒㼐 㼜㻒㻷㼒㼓㼌㼆
㼖
Taxomnomy/Topics
Fundamentals
Fundamental Laws of Mechanics
Dimensions, Units, Conversions
Anthropometry
Musculoskeletal System
Vector Operations
Forces, Moments & Couples
Resultant Force Systems
Equivalent Force Systems
Center of Gravity, Distributed Loads
Statics
Equilibrium
Free Body Diagrams
Friction
Constraints, Supports and Reactions
Statically Indeterminant Systems
Machines, Lever Systems
Method of Sections
Muscle and Joint Reaction Forces
Dynamics
Impulse-Momentum Principle
Conservation of Momentum
Linear Kinetics
Angular Kinetics, Limb Rotation
Mass Moment of Inertia, Radius of Gyration
Kinetics of Linkage Systems
Strength of Materials
Stress & Strain
Stress Transformation, Principal Stresses
Properties of Biological Materials, Failure
Models of Material Behavior, Hooke's Law
Stress Concentration
Intro to Biomechanics
㻰㼒㼇㼘㼏㼈㼖㻒㻰㼒㼖㼄㼌㼆㼖
Intro to BME 101, HPL
Beyond
Conveyor Belt
Models
Scaling Forces and Deformation
Table 1. Module Coverage of Course Topics
Tibia Fracture in Soccer/Skiing
䇻 㻤㼇㼄㼓㼗㼌㼙㼈㻃㼈㼛㼈㼕㼆㼌㼖㼈㼖
E.g.
prior to
class,
explanations in class, tailored䇻 㻵㼈㼐
work
after
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class
䇻 㻳㼒㼖㼗㻐㻷㼈㼖㼗㼖
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The Learning Sciences
& Technology:
Summary
Adaptive
Expertise
Subsequent
Sessions
(K centered)
Thank you!
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