“VULNERABLE SENIOR CITIZEN HOUSING PROVIDED BY THE STATE OF CHILE,
RISK EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN ”
Marcela Pizzi - John Chalmers - Viviana Fernández - Daniel Bunout Paulina Osorio - Valentina Avendaño - Macarena Cusato - Karen Rivera
University of Chile
Hypothesis
Seniors autonomy in performing Basic Activities of Daily Living, (BADL)
and risk is directly related with architectural and equipment design.
In these terms functionality depends not only on physiological aspects
but is also is affected by the formal characteristics of the environment.
With an adequate diagnosis it is posible to develop guidelines for more
aproppriate designs for this age group.
Objectives
Contrast dimensional characteristics of the built environment and
performance of BADL in representative cases of housing provided
by the State of Chile to autonomous seniors.
1990
Senior Public Policies in Chile
Needs are acknowledged for the first time
Special Attention
Programs
sets aside 2% of social
housing stock from
government programs.
Does not include special
design conditions
1997
Senior
Condominiums
1 level housing (25m2)
with some adaptions
plus common spaces.
2007
for independent
seniors
(Condominiums)
for dependent seniors
(Long stay
establishments)
2012
LOCATION
1990 Special Attention Program
1997 Condominiums for Seniors
2007 Supervized Housing
1990 Special Attention Program
1. “El Refugio”, Puente Alto 8 cases
1997 Condominiums for Seniors
“La Primavera” 8 cases
2007 Supervized Condominiums
“Tuteladas San Ramón“ 8 cases
Based on the Katz Scale which considers self-care tasks
Personal Hygiene and grooming
Dressing and undressing
Self feeding
Functional transfers (getting into and out of bed or wheelchair,
getting onto or off toilet, etc.)
Bowel and bladder management
Ambulation (walking without use of an assistive device
(walker, cane, or crutches) or using a wheelchair
Katz, S; Ford, A.B.; Moskowitz, A.W.; Jackson, B.A.; Jaffe, M.W; 1963
We identified de spaces and equipment directly related to the activity
describing in detail the operations needed for each of them, and
identify risk during performance.
Operations
Dressing and
Undressing
Open closets
Unhang clothes
Open Drawers
Close Drawers
Self feeding
Reach Cutlery
Reach pots and Pans
Reach Food
Wash Utensils
Functional
Transfers
Open Main Door
Enter house
Close Main Door
Move Between rooms
Enter Bedroom
Enter Bathroom
Enter Kitchen
Go to patio
Personal Hygiene
and grooming
Bathing
Heat Water
Enter or get out
shower or tub
Open water taps
Reach Shower
Reach soap
Reach towels
Hand Washing
Heat Water
Open water taps
Reach soap
Wash hands
Wash body
Wash hair
Reach towels
Use of Toilet
Sit on toilet
Raise from toilet
E R
Requirements
D D
Disfunctions
I I
MM
Impacts
Morphology
Imposed to the senior by the activity
Incoherencies between the housing design
and senior’s functionality
Consequences on senior’s autonomy
Relation between housing design and Impacts
on seniors
We developed data collection instruments
Identification
Valued Impact for activity performance
Fear
1
Discomfort
1
Difficulty
1
Pain
1
Chooses not to perform
5
Methodology
Objective
Professionals
Based on Knowledge
Subjetive
Seniors
Based on
Documents
References Based on disciplinary knowledge and
codes
Based on his/her life experiences
In a first level analysis of the data from the point of how many operations
present problems in their preformance, we can tell the most conflictive
actions
In a second level of analysis, looking for the presence of Requirements ,
we find out those most relevant related to Height – Equilibrium –
Strength – Mobility and Clenching
In a third level of analysis, we search for the Impacts, (Consequences)
such as Fear - Discomfort - Difficulty Pain and Inhibition (Chooses or
cannot perform).
Major Findings
Exterior Spaces
Need of Outdoor Spaces Related to the Unit
Exterior Spaces: Security
Height
Layout
Size
Size
Furniture and appliances
Furniture and appliances