APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.
SUSTAINABLE MESIANO 2015
Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**
*University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy
Phone: +39 0461 882639
**ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya
C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034 Barcelona, Spain
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
CONTEXT:
• Sustainable Mesiano 2015 project – faculty of
Engineering of Trento, Italy
• Master in Appropriate Environmental
Technologies for the Developing Countries
(activated in 2004, after the implementation of
the Bologna process). Still the only existing pilot
in Italy
• Decade of Education for Sustainable
Development – UNESCO
• Framework of the 8 Millennium Development
Goals
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
- To put in evidence two ROLES OF THE ACCADEMIC
COMMUNITY as actor of a shared responsibility on
Development issues :
1- Research of the tools to study and monitor the
Development trend:
the indicators
2- Added value of University curricular activities
which didactic contents are planned in the
perspective of the Millennium Development
Goals – study case presented
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Risks and Criticities
 Participation (Jan Pronk, the MDGs and the Policies of Globalization)
 Window dressing (L. Gold, Understanding the risk of the MDGs)
 Gap finalities - methodologies
(R.Bissio, Civil Society and the MDGs)
 Human Rights Paradigm (A. Sitta, lezioni di Diritto allo Sviluppo
e Obiettivi del Millennio)
 Not measurable neither comparable Indicators
(Amir Attaran, L’ONU prigioniera degli MDGs, Darwin, Nov.05)
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Risks and Criticities: SOME EXAMPLES
Lack of the initial reference values
Target 11  temporal range not univoque (2020)
Indicatore 32  lack of a definitions’ framework
(safe house)
Lack of correlation among the indicators
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Litterature: other indicators
Aggregated indicators
 ISU (UNPD)
 ESI (Center for Global Development)
 Impronta Ecologica (Rees, Wackernagel)
 ICE (European Community and Agency for the
Environment)
 Indicators of Bellagio (Italian Statistics
National Conference)
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Litterature: other indicators
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP)
 Aggregated indicator
• Life expectancy
• Education
• Economy
Ecologic FOOTPRINT (Rees, Wackernagel)
 Measure Unit:
• bioproductive equivalent surface
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Litterature: other indicators
Every individual: 1,7 ha
WORLD ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT DISTRIBUTION (2003)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
Litterature: other indicators
HOW TO BUILD an INDICATOR
Goals
Basic
Orientators
Choice
Principles and
criteria
Indicators
Principles that are at the base of the
direction towards which the system
goes
Different Ethic Principles can lead
towards different sustainable goals
and paths. (Johnson, 1991)
EDUCATION, ECOLOGY,
ETHICS, ECONOMY
LONGER TIME SCALE
PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR
Choice Axiom
Zermelo-Fraenkel
(1920)
PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR
ORIENTATOR
LOGIC
Education
It represents how the culture, the sciences,
the knowledge, the values, the memory and
the accumulated experiences are transferred
from one generation to another.
Ethics
It indicates and orients how the respect,
human rights, the relationships,
responsibility awareness, the politics,
justice found space and indications
respect to the actions to be undertaken.
Economy
It represents an orientator of the
quantification of the value of objects in a
wide sense and of the exchange dynamics,
market activities in an analysis as much
complete as possible of the entire life cycle
of each product.
It orients the human actions in a clear
context of attention to the environment, to
the nature, to the resources and it analyzes
the interconnections, even the ones less
evident, between the natural systems and
the anthropic factors.
Ecology
the
the
the
in
PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR
Research of a principle of equivalence:
 ACTIONS = TIME
TIME = DEDICATED TIME
THE DEDICATED TIME IS :
- MEASURE UNIT AND A READING GRID
- NEW VALUES WITHIN THE MAN – NATURE
– SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPS
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR
• DEVELOPMENT as a concept that belongs to
a set of observables and indeed measurables
• DEVELOPMENT as system actractor. Actractor
of the ACTIONS identified as DEDICATED
TIME
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
THE DEDICATED TIME
•
It is GENERALIZABLE
•
Each unit, from the single person to the institution
or association, in DEDICATING TIME
PRODUCES DEVELOPMENT, both in terms of
formation than of action
•
Range of time scale: individual’s life
•
 LONG TIME
Oskar Lange
(1960)
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Application of the theory of the
“dedicated time, DT” to different realities
DECADE OF EDUCATION FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
•
•
•
•
•
University
School
Firm
Government
Individuals
2005 - 2014
In the context of the United Nations
Decade of Education for Sustainable
Development, which urges
societies around the world to
begin re-orienting their
educational systems towards
sustainability, there is a need of
planning and implementing
programs that will bring
environment and sustainability into
the mainstream of learning and
research” (UNESCO,2005).
Application of the theory of the
“dedicated time, DT” to different realities
ENGINEERING EDUCATION
•
•
•
•
•
University
School
Firm
Government
Individuals
Ask for engineers with competencies
different from the past– called the
engineers of the 21st century –
and explicit need of a curricola
reforming that integrate disciplinar
aspects from other scintific and
cultural fields
(European Journal of
Engineering Education, SEFI)
Master degree in Appropriate
Environmental Technologies for
Developing Countries
In parallel with the educative goals of the traditional
environmental engineer, the specific goals are
related to the acquisition of specific personal skills.
In order to form professional figures with technical-scientific
competencies but also with attitudes and skills related to team
work, multi disciplines and inter cultural dialog capacities, in
order to be able to evaluate in a appropriate way the
environmental, social and cultural impact of complex
situations.
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Master degree in Appropriate
Environmental Technologies for
Developing Countries
Curriculum builded in the perspective of the achievment
of the Millennium Development Goals
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Master degree in Appropriate
Environmental Technologies for
Developing Countries
ORIENTAMENTO TECNOLOGIE AMBIENTALI APPROPRIATE PER I
Dedicated Time
PAESI IN VIA DI SVILUPPO (PVS) (UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI
TRENTO – FACOLTÀ DI INGEGNERIA)
Modulo
Ore
Stage
Crediti
CaS
17%
Gestione delle Risorse Idriche, 120
Acque Reflue e Rifiuti nei PVS
17%
(Acqua)
Pianificazione
Analisi
Territoriale
Ambientale
nei
Pianificazione
10
e 60
Gestione
5
PVS
(Pianificazione)
Cooperazione
allo
Sviluppo 60
5
(CaS)
32%
Metodologie
Partecipate
e 60
5
Gestione dei Conflitti Ambientali
(Gestione)
Stage di Progetto (Stage)
60
5
17%
Totale
360
30
Acqua
17%
STUDY CASE: ESTRAPOLATION OF THE 4 ORIENTATORS
It is indeed possible to find within each class actions, contents and
didactics belonging to one of each of the E
DEDICATED HOURS AND
THE 4E
Suddivisione Ore Dedicate in base alle 4E
24%
23%
24%
29%
Educazione
Ecologia
Etica
Economia
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
Possible European level cooperation:
Erasmus Mundus
CONCLUSIONS
• logical mathematical approach for the
individuation od the orientators and of a measure
unit pin order to make them commutable
 The criticities of the MDGs can be overcome
• Application to a context of a university curriculum
 DESD: crucial role of the Education
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat
APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE
ACHIEVMENT OF THE
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.
SUSTAINABLE MESIANO 2015
Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**
*University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy
Phone: +39 0461 882639
**ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya
C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034 Barcelona, Spain
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
THANKS FOR THE
ATTENTION
I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat