Leah Kaplan
November 9, 2010
A MASS POLITICAL STUDENT MOVEMENT:
The Election of 1932
On a frigid night in early November 1932, in the
throes of the Great Depression, hundreds of Socialist
college students waited on line for hours
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The photograph is of policemen explaining to angry
depositors that the bank is closed
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs
Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date: 1933
Source: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper
Photograph Collection (Library of Congress)
Credits: World-Telegram staff photographer
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002709319/
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in
Garden”,4 November 1932, 1.
…outside Madison Square Garden. This was just four days prior
to
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: Photograph of a crowd outside the arches of the second Madison
Square Garden (1890-1925)
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,
D.C. 20540 USA
Date: Between 1910 and 1915
Source: Published by Bain News Service
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005014725/
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4 November
1932, 1.
1
…the Presidential election between Franklin Delano
Roosevelt and the incumbent Herbert Hoover.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The photograph is of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and
Herbert Hoover in a convertible on their way to Roosevelt’s
inauguration
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date: March 4, 1933
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.19179/
The students finally made their way past some 300
policemen as well as rivaling Communists who were
distributing anti-socialist literature, and into the famous
arena for a different kind of political rally.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The graphic of students pledging non cooperation against war to
the military
Location: FDR Library, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: December 1933
Source: The Cover art from The Student Outlook, v. 2 n. 2
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/09.jpg
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”, 4
November 1932, 1.
2
The Garden was suffused in red - red flags, red
handkerchiefs, and red armbands, representing the
idiosyncratic Socialist color.
And there was a buzz of anticipation for a lesser known
candidate, Norman Thomas, a Socialist, to take the stage.
Courtesy of Flickr Commons: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: The image is entitled, “New York County Socialist Party
Ribbon” and is of a red Socialist Party ribbon 4 x 1 3/4 inches
Location: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection,
#2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University
Library, Cornell University
Date: 1900-1920
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornelluniversitylibrary/43600663
52/
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: A photograph is entitled, “Norman Thomas” and is a portrait of
Thomas
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date: November 15, 1937
Source: Photo by Hakkerup Studio
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a38685/
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,
4 November 1932, 1.
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4
November 1932, 1.
3
Amid the band music and synchronized cheers led by
students from Columbia University, NYU, and City
College,
Courtesy of Flickr Commons: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: The photograph is of the Claude Thornhill Orchestra and
pictures Sandy Siegelstien, Willie Wechsler, Micky Folus, Joe
Shulman, Billy Exiner, Mario Rullo, Danny Polo, Lee Konitz,
and Bill Bushing at Columbia Pictures studio in New York City
Location: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division,
Washington D.C. 20540 USA
Date: September 1947
Source: The William P. Gottlieb Collection (DLC) 99-401005
Credits: William P. Gottlieb (Photographer)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/5148195377/
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in
Garden”,4 November 1932, 1.
Thomas appeared in front of the crowd totaling over 20,000.
He knew this was his last dramatic attempt to get students to
rally behind the Socialist ticket.
Courtesy of Flickr Commons: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: The photograph is of an election night crowd in Wellington
Location: Photographic Archive at Alexander Turnbull Library
Date: 1931
Credits: William Hall Raine (Photographer)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationallibrarynz_commons/3326203787/i
n/pool-flickrcommons
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4
November 1932, 1.
4
A last chance to convince Americans that Socialism
was the only solution for, what he believed was a
collapse of the Capitalist system.
At the center of the stage, Thomas shouted his familiar
slogan, “Vote your hopes, not your fears.”
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: A graphic entitled, “The Socialist Party” depicts a
campaign poster from the 1904 Presidential election. The poster
is for Eugene Debbs, one of the one of the founding members of
the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the
World, and an icon within the Socialist Party, with running mate
Ben Hanford
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003666788/
Courtesy of WorldNetDaily.com Inc.
Image: A photograph of Norman Thomas making a speech
Credits: Joseph Farah
http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=56620
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,
4 November 1932, 1.
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4
November 1932, 1.
5
Somewhere in the crowd was Joseph Lash, just one
year out of City College.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The photograph is of Joseph Lash
Location: FDR Library, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: October 1935
Source: The Student Outlook, v. 4, n. 1 p. 13
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/11.jpg
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P.
Lash, Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the
1930s.” The New Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor
Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
While attending college in the late ‘20s, Lash came to believe
Socialism as “primarily ethical in content” because “it
stemmed from conscience rather than from any notion of
class struggle or class alignment.”
Courtesy of Wikipedia: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The graphic is the Socialist Party of American emblem from
1901-1973
Date: 1915
Source: Scanned from the cover of a pamphlet published by the Socialist
Party of America. The original is in the Tim Davenport collection, no
copyright claimed if published in the U.S. before 1923.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPA-globelogo.gif
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P. Lash,
Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New
Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI),
1996.
6
Lash formed his view of Socialism in the 1920s,
countering the traditional teachings that all Americans However, the financial downturn and prospect of another
devastating world war caused students, like Lash, to question
were governed by the paragon of all governments.
the ideology of American capitalism.
Courtesy of LIFE Magazine: “For personal non-commercial
use only”
Image: The photograph is of black flood victims in Lousisville,
Kentucky lining up to attain food and clothing from a relief
station in front of a billboard that reads, “There’s No Way Like
the American Way.”
Date: February 1937
Credits: Margaret Bourke-White (Photographer)
http://www.life.com/image/50694707
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=9a86d2a1862226f
c&q=there's%20no%20way%20like%20the%20american%20wa
y%20billboard&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthere%2527s%2Bno%
2Bway%2Blike%2Bthe%2Bamerican%2Bway%2Bbillboard%2
6hl%3Den%26biw%3D1362%26bih%3D555%26gbv%3D2%26
tbs%3Disch:10,418
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P.
Lash, Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the
1930s.” The New Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor
Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The graphic is of a student looking back at a collage of images of
riots and violence
Location: The FDR Library, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: October 1934
Source: Cover art from The Student Outlook, v. 3, n. 1
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/06.jpg
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P. Lash,
Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New
Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI),
1996.
7
By the time Lash enrolled at City College in 1927, a student
insurgency had begun but Lash was hesitant to commit.
He was more invested in his column for the college
newspaper, The Campus.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The graphic is a pamphlet cover entitled, “City College and
War”
Location: The City College of New York Archives. Morris R.
Cohen Library
Date: May 1939
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/rc09.jpg
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The photograph is entitled, “Gate, College of the City of New
York” and shows a view of City College in New York City
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date: Between 1900 and 1910
Source: Detroit Publishing Company Photograph Collection
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/det.4a23361/
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network.
The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
8
By conducting interviews with Professor Morris R.
Cohen and Upton Sinclair – a founder of the Socialist
group, the League for Industrial Democracy (LID) Lash began to see change was necessary.
And his work on his thesis while pursuing a PhD in English
literature at Columbia solidified his role in the Socialist
presidential campaign.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The cartoon is entitled, “Getting Nowhere by Degrees” and
depicts a college graduate disappointed by no job opportunities
Location: FDR LIBRARY, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: December 1933
Source: Reprinted in The Student Outlook, v. 2 n. 2, through the
World Telegram
Credits: Edited by Leah Kaplan by cropping and omitting the last
four panels
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/08.jpg
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The photograph is of a student holding a sign with slogans that
read “A Bayonet is a Weapon with a Worker on Each End,” “Not
Useless Jobs Over There, Useless Jobs Over Here,” and lists the time of
the strike that will occur that day.
Location: University of California, CA
Date: April 19, 1940
Agency: NYA
Source: NARA (SPB)
Credits: Rondal Partridge (Photographer)
http://newdeal.feri.org/ron/aa21info.htm
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network.
The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
9
After completing research on the Harlan expedition, Lash
said, “what I saw would not let me rest.”
He was also captivated by an unprecedented number of
students organizing a peace movement.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The cartoon is entitled “The Yale Lock,” and depicts a Yale
graduate with a lock on his lips
Date: December 1936
Source: The cover art from The Student Advocate
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/rc08.jpg
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The cartoon is a spoof on the “The Perfect Soldier,” by
depicting a headless soldier
Location: FDR LIBRARY, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: November-December 1934
Source: The Student Outlook, v. 3 nos. 3-4
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/docs.htm
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network.
The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
10
The LID demanded federal aid to education, government
job programs for the youth, and racial equality.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The photograph is entitled, “Students in Demonstration”
portrays a student protest march at Howard University
Source: Originally published in the NAACP’s magazine, the Crisis
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/rc06.jpg
Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals and
America's First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941. (New York:
Oxford UP, 1993), 236.
“I joined the fight not because of any developed social
convictions,” Lash explained, “but because of a sense of
justice and right.”
Courtesy of the Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The cartoon is entitled, “Our Statue of Liberty—She Can Stand
it,” and depicts “socialism,” “anarchism,” “georgeism,” “boycott,”
“communism” and “intolerance” attempting to tear down the Statue of
Liberty
Date: October 27, 1886
Credits: Charles Jay Taylor (artist)
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96510271/
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
11
Now a self-proclaimed professional revolutionist, Lash
published a magazine for the LID, protested on picket lines,
and created policy initiatives.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: A poster entitled, “Strike Against War,” depicts a student
holding back a machine gun with a skull for a head
Location: University of California Archives, Bancroft Library, UC
Berkeley
Date: April 1937
Source: The Cover art from The Student Advocate, the magazine of the
American Student Union
Credits: Darryl Frederick
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/strike.jpg
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
12
“My history from this time on,” Lash said, “becomes the
history of the student movement.”
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: The graphic is entitled “We Never taught ‘em That,” and
refers to the attempt of anti-radicals and strict college administrators
to disband the first national student strike against war
Date: April 24, 1934
Source: New Masses
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/rc20.jpg
Joseph P. Lash, “Autobiography of Joseph Lash,” 1935. Ed. Robert
Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The New Deal Network. The
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
As the most prominent campus radical leader of the
1930s, Lash served as the top-ranking national officer of
the Socialist-led Student League for Industrial
Democracy (SLID) from 1932-35.
Courtesy of The Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: A photograph of Joseph Lash testifying before The Dies
Committee in Congress. The committee was investigating unAmerican activities and questioned Lash, the Executive Secretary of
the American Students' Union at the time. To Lash’s left is Agnes
Reynolds, the College Secretary of the Union.
Date: December 1, 1939
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Source: Harris & Ewing Collection (Library of Congress)
Credits: Harris & Ewing (photographer)
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009014442/
Robert Cohen. “Lash, Joseph P.”; http://www.anb.org/articles/09/0900999.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.
He helped organize Thomas’s campaign on college campuses
by publicizing the job crisis and founding the Association of
Unemployed College Alumni.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: A photograph of the unemployed lining up to take money of the
Millbury Savings Bank
Source: The Great Depression: America in the 1930s, Boston, MA: Back
Bay Books (Little, Brown and Company), 1993.
Credits: T. H. Watkins
http://newdeal.feri.org/timeline/1933a.htm
Robert Cohen. “Lash, Joseph P.”; http://www.anb.org/articles/09/0900999.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.
13
Unemployed
Year
Number
(millions)
Percent
1929
1.4
3.0
1930
2.9
6.3
1931
7.0
16.5
1932
11.4
29.4
Lash’s goal was to help Thomas convert the student fears
about the economy into votes for an alternative political
party.
Though Thomas lost in ’32, he was realistic regarding his
chances. In his so-called victory statement on Election
Day eve, Thomas said,
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: A table of the unemployment number and percentage from
1929-1932
Source: Franklin D. Roosevelt: His Life and Times, New York, NY:
Da Capo Press, Inc., 1985.
Credits: Otis L. Graham, Jr. and Meghan Robinson Wander (Edited
formatting by Leah Kaplan by cropping and omitting the years 1933
and 1934)
http://newdeal.feri.org/timeline/1934b.htm
Courtesy of The Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The photograph is of Norman Thomas speaking at a peace
rally in Washington, D.C for a antiwar mass meeting to condemn
“war hysteria”
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date: June 8, 1940
Credits: Harris & Ewing (photographer)
Source: Harris & Ewing Collection (Library of Congress)
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009015476/
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P. Lash,
Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the 1930s.” The
New Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute
(FERI), 1996.
14
The New York Times. “Socialist Gains Hailed by Thomas”, 9
November 1932, 13.
“The fine young intellectual element which composes
the nucleus of Socialism today and which will be
indicated by the vote cast for me today is the most
hopeful factor in America.”
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: Photograph entitled, “Appreciative but Grim” of students
at a peace
Location: California
Date: April 19, 1940
Credits: Rondal Partridge (photograpgher)
Accession Number: 119-CAL-2-54
Source: The University of California, NARA (SPB)
http://newdeal.feri.org/ron/aa24info.htm
The New York Times. “Socialist Gains Hailed by Thomas”, 9
November 1932, 13.
Despite headlines which predicted higher tallies, Thomas
received a mere 900,000 votes, compared to Roosevelt’s 2.8
million.
Courtesy of ProQuest
Image: The headline of the New York Times reads, “Socialist Showing is
hailed by Party…Thomas may get 1,500,000.” The sub headline refers to
the increase of votes Thomas received compared to his presidential run in
1928. With early precincts after the polls closed, estimates were that
Thomas may receive up to 1.5 million votes.
Date: November 9, 1932
Source: ProQuest: The Historical New York Times
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=105883766&SrchMode=2
&sid=12&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=H
NP&TS=1286291027&clientId=4534
The New York Times. “Socialist Showing is Hailed by Party”, 9 November
1932, 13.
15
“Columbia professors may write Roosevelt speeches, but
Columbia students vote for Thomas.”
At that rally in Madison Square Garden just before the
election, hundreds of student protestors chanted,
Courtesy of Flickr Commons: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Image: The photograph is of a Zionist rally in Madison Square
Garden
Location: Yeshiva University Museum
Date: 1946
http://www.flickr.com/photos/center_for_jewish_history/4813167817/
sizes/o/in/photostream/
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: The photograph is of Franklin D. Roosevelt talking to
reporters
Date: February 15, 1933
http://newdeal.feri.org/timeline/1933d.htm
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4
November 1932, 1.
The New York Times. “20,000 Hail Thomas at Rally in Garden”,4
November 1932, 1.
16
In 1932, Roosevelt won the majority by restoring hope uniting people of different political parties and different
backgrounds, as well as women, who tended to vote
Republican.
Although immigrants, organized labor, Southern whites,
and Northern blacks now defined the new Democratic
Party, Roosevelt had difficulty winning over college
students – to them he seemed too evasive with his plans.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: A photograph of Franklin Delano Roosevelt at the West
Virginia Foundation for Crippled Children
Location: Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library
Date: May 12, 1935
Credits: Gillen, Morgan (Photographer)
http://newdeal.feri.org/library/photo_details.cfm?PhotoID=5483&Pro
jCatID=10471&CatID=24&subCatID=1099
Courtesy of The Library of Congress: PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image: Franklin Delano Roosevelt speaking in front of a crowd
Location: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Source: Published by the Bain News Service
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2006012659/
Donald A. Ritchie. Electing FDR: The New Deal Campaign of 1932
(Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 158.
Donald A. Ritchie. Electing FDR: The New Deal Campaign of 1932
(Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 158.
Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals and
America's First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941. (New York:
Oxford UP, 1993), 75.
17
Later on, Lash said, “Somehow, I've never quite been able
to understand why FDR had so little impact on the
students at that time. Now, I’m talking, perhaps, of a very
limited group of students, but they were the ones that
made the history of the student movement in the 30’s.”
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: A photograph of participants in a SLID Summer Workshop.
Bottom row, left to right: Ralph Meinking, Ted Smith, Bob Bloom
2nd row: Stoyan Menton, Jean Scott, Ernestine Friedl, Esther
Ellsberg.
3rd row: Marvin Halvorson, Norman Ball, Lewis Cohen, Grace
Smelo, Bob Spivack.
4th row: Alvaine Hollister, Grover Bethards, Alice Dodge, Monroe
Sweetland, Joel Leighton.
5th row: Bill Hollister, Mike Smith, Molly Yard, Anna Caples.
Location: FDR LIBRARY, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30.
Date: October 1935
Source: The Student Outlook, v. 4, n. 1 p. 6.
Credits: Lewis M. Cohen
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/images/04.jpg
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P.
Lash, Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the
1930s.” The New Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt
Institute (FERI), 1996.
The students who demonstrated for Thomas,
campaigned for Thomas, and voted for Thomas—
these were the students who spearheaded the first
historical moment in the U.S. that mobilized a mass
political protest, which did not reoccur until the
Vietnam era.
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: A photograph of SLID Socialist Training School
students helping the Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and
Accountants Union. From the left: Alice Dodge, Seldon Osborne,
Ted Smith, Ralph Meinking
Location: FDR LIBRARY, Joseph P. Lash Papers, Box 30
Date: October 1935
Source: The Student Outlook, v. 4, n. 1, p. 6.
Credits: Lewis M. Cohen
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/out01.htm
Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals
and America's First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941. (New
York: Oxford UP, 1993), 76.
Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals
and America's First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941. (New
York: Oxford UP, 1993), 321.
18
Though Socialist students were underrepresented at
the polls, their symbolic impact set the precedent for
all future political student movements.
As Joseph Lash said, “It was almost like a student
rally in the Garden. Thomas had caught the
imagination of the campus.”
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: Poster
Source: American Youth Congress
http://newdeal.feri.org/students/index.htm
Courtesy of The New Deal Network: PUBLIC DOMIAN
Student Activism in the 1930s by Project Director Robert Cohen
Image: Photograph of unidentified Socialist student
Location: University of California, CA
Date: April 19, 1940
Agency: NYA
Credits: Rondal Partridge (Photographer)
Source: NARA (SPB)\
http://newdeal.feri.org/ron/aa20info.htm
Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals
and America's First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941. (New
York: Oxford UP, 1993), 76-77.
Joseph P. Lash, “The Student Movement of the 1930s: Joseph P.
Lash, Interview.” Ed. Robert Cohen. “Student Activism in the
1930s.” The New Deal Network. The Franklin and Eleanor
Roosevelt Institute (FERI), 1996.
19
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20