Будівлі та конструкції із застосуванням нових матеріалів та технологій
Випуск 20144(108)
UDC 720255
V. TYNIANSKYKH, T. ZAGORUYKO
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
LANDSCAPE AND RECREATIONAL AREAS ON THE BASIS OF CLOSED
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
The article deals with problems of former territories of industrial enterprises and their practical use, taking
into account urban, environmental and other aspects of the area of the industrial regions in Donbass in
particular. The research is directly related to possible area of its realization and application. The article suggests
possible actions for organizing territories of former enterprises on the example of the coal mining industry.
landscape, recreation, industrial areas, coal mining enterprises, park construction
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today, many mines and factories for various reasons don’t work. Therefore, one of the most urgent problems
at present is restructuring of the coal mining industry, which affects not only the «coal» city, but, practically
the territory of the coalfields as a whole. This is due to the fact that coal deposits development covers large
areas and is accompanied by the specific formation of engineering and transport infrastructure, as well as a
special settlement system. Relevance of the research comes from the tendency of closing industrial enterprises,
their moving outside the city center, and reducing the areas occupied by them are in need of renovation.
ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Renovations of Donbass industrial areas were previously considered in the scientific paper «Town building
aspects of use of underground space» by the post graduate student of this academy D. Ivankina. This theme
is also popular among foreign architects, whose works and confirm the necessity and expediency of studying
this problem.
PURPOSE
To identify potential environment for land reclamation as park areas.
BASIC MATERIAL
Expediency of renovation of closed industrial territories is successfully demonstrated all over the world.
This theme is quite popular nowadays because the enterprises are transferred from the city centers to outskirts
or even because some plants ware shutdown.
The conception of a green transformation called «parks instead of industrial territories» has become very
popular and there are a lot of examples in the international practice.
The main trends in landscape architecture and urban planning are the next ones:
– rational use of territories;
– the improvement of ecological situation;
– organization of new green relaxation places in the cities.
Industrial areas have a number of features that determine their development potential, especially well
developed infrastructure and both vertical and horizontal communication. Industrial architecture is easily
adaptable to different changes thanks to its unification and standardization. Therefore, in most cases,
buildings are saved and used for other functions, and the territory is converted into a vast park. It makes
possible to solve several problems such as: urban planning, environmental and social ones.
© V. Tynianskykh, T. Zagoruyko, 2014
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Landscape and recreational areas on the basis of closed industrial enterprises
The solution of these tasks is shown in two following examples of parks in Paris: «La Villette» and «Citroen»
(fig. 1). Both these parks have emerged on the territories of former industrial enterprises and have embodied
to a picturesque environment for recreation.
Figure 1 – Park «La Villette», the exhibits of the achievements of technology.
(Park «La Villette») (fig. 2) During a lot of decades there were a huge slaughterhouse and a meat wholesale
market. Such places decorate neither landscape, nor environment, so the question of their demolition began
to be discussed. All structures and machines, which were on that territory, had become the exhibits of the
achievements of technology and science.
Figure 2 – Park «La Villette».
(Park «Cirtoen») This park is a public park which is a part of repurposed zones where the car factory
«Cirtoen» was previously located (fig. 3, 4).
Figure 3 – The general plan of park «Cirtoen».
Figure 4 – Park «Cirtoen», an office buildings.
Examples of foreign experience of ennoblement of former industrial areas are multitude. Similar parks
exist in China, Germany, Italy, etc.
Будівлі та конструкції із застосуванням нових матеріалів та технологій
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V. Tynianskykh, T. Zagoruyko
In most cases, the parks as a part of a new strategy of the socalled «green city», became a logical result of
deliberate planning policy of transformation of former industrial and warehouse areas into the vital element
for the city natural infrastructure, which will be as close as possible to residing a large number of people.
These zones should contribute to the normalization the environmental situation there. Development of
most major modern industrial cities is related to the problem of converting areas of industrial complexes.
As a result of our research methods we have worked out during our work should be suggested at the project.
The areas of closed mines have been chosen. The territories are almost free from different constructions and
buildings. So we shouldn’t do much unnecessary job like demolishing buildings or other constructions. These
are quite costly exercises. So, choosing correct industrial areas for parks, we can save quite o lot of money.
For a variant design It was decided to offer the center of Makeevka. The place, which has been chosen, is
an area of the closed mine with a slagheap which is situated on its grounds.
A park which is intended to design there will have several levels. Some alleys will be raised over the ground
at the different levels and will lead people to the slagheap which will be a center of the composition of the
whole park. The slagheap should be terraced and planted with grass and shrubs (picture 1, 2).
Picture 1 – An example of terracing of slagheap.
Picture 2 – An example of planting of a slagheap.
The view landing will be located on the top of the slagheap. The area of the closed mine is quite big, so the
park will possess enough area to have different zones for different kinds of relaxation: for example, there will
be a plot for a quite rest near a small stream and another area for playgrounds not far from the entrance zone.
Commercial buildings have deprived us of green zones for relaxing and psychological rest in the central
parts of the city. From our point of view it’s better to organize parks and other places for rest in noisy big cities
instead of building more and more new shopping and business centers.
CONCLUSIONS
Recent there was a tendency is to stop the work of some industrial companies, or to transfer them out of the
city, thus freeing the territory. In industrial areas, there is polluted environment, the cause of which is the
lack of planting and territories for landscaping. Therefore, these two problems combine to give as a
consequence the following options for dealing: the organization of parks on abandoned industrial areas.
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ISSN 18143296. Вісник Донбаської національної академії будівництва і архітектури, випуск 20144(108)
Landscape and recreational areas on the basis of closed industrial enterprises
REFERENCES
1. Аалто, Алвар. Архитектура и гуманизм [Текст] : Сборник статей / А. Аалто. – М. : Прогресс, 1978. – 221 с.
2. Алферов, Н. П. Промышленная архитектура [Текст] / Н. П. Алферов. – М. : Стройиздат, 1984. – 132 с.
3. Нефедов, В. А. Городской ландшафтный дизайн [Текст] / В. А. Нефедов. – Спб. : «Любавич», 2012. – 293 с. –
ISBN 9785869833556.
Получено 29.05.2014
В. В. ТИНЯНСЬКИХ, Т. І. ЗАГОРУЙКО
ЛАНДШАФТНІ ТА РЕКРЕАЦІЙНІ ЗОНИ НА БАЗІ ЗАКРИТИХ
ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Донбаська національна академія будівництва і архітектури
У статті розглядається досвід іноземних та вітчизняних архітекторів з перепрофілювання занедбаних
міських промислових територій, на підприємствах яких припинено виробництво або перенесено за
місто. Описані ефекти, отримані внаслідок реновації.
ландшафт, рекреація, промислові зони, вугледобувні підприємства, паркобудівництво
В. В. ТЫНЯНСКИХ, Т. И. ЗАГОРУЙКО
ЛАНДШАФТНЫЕ И РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫЕ ЗОНЫ НА БАЗЕ ЗАКРЫТЫХ
ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Донбасская национальная академия строительства и архитектуры
В статье рассматривается опыт иностранных и отечественных архитекторов по перепрофилированию
заброшенных городских промышленных территорий, на предприятиях которых прекращено
производство или перенесено за город. Описаны эффекты, полученные вследствие реновации.
ландшафт, рекреация, промышленные зоны, угледобывающие предприятия, паркостроение
Будівлі та конструкції із застосуванням нових матеріалів та технологій
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