Name _____________________
Use your notes and previous worksheets to answer the following
questions.
1. Label the mitochondria
1._________________________
_
2._________________________
_
3.________________
___
4._____________________
2. Cellular respiration is the breakdown of food to release ___________________. All
organisms do this! Cellular respiration takes place in the _________________ of the
cell.
3. Write out the complete formula for cellular respiration:
4. What are the four stages of cellular respiration?
5. What is the main point of this process?
Stage 1: Glycolysis
1. It takes place in the ________________________________.
2. A 6-Carbon chain (glucose) is broken down into two 3-Carbon pieces called
_____________________________.
3. Two get this reaction going, we used two _______________ molecules.
4. How many net ATP molecules are formed here? _________________
5. The H+ (from sugar) will be used in the fourth stage. It is picked up by the coenzyme
___________ to make __________________.
6. Most of the free energy is used to form _________________ from
_________________. The last step forms ____________ and releases more energy
which is used to form ______________.
7. Some of the energy is released as ______________________________.
8. What are the 3 products of glycolysis? _________________________________
Stage 2: Pyruvic Acid Oxidation
1. This reaction takes place in the ___________________________.
2. The space between the outer membrane and inner membrane is the
______________________. The rest is called the ____________________.
3. Each pyruvic acid (3C Molecule) is broken down into a
______________________molecules, releasing one _________________ molecule.
4. How many CO2 molecules have been produces so far? __________ What reactant did
they come from? _______________________
5. What have we produced so far? __________________________________________
Stage 3: Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle
1. This takes place in the ________________________________
2. Acetyl CoA (2C Molecule) unites with a 4 Carbon molecule called oxaloacetate making a 6
Carbon molecule called _______________________.
3. Citric Acid ( 6C Molecule) loses a 2 Carbon atoms along the way forming 2 molecules of
________________________ and now is a 4 carbon molecules which is ready to go
around the cycle again.
4. How many CO2 molecules have been produces so far? __________ What reactant did
they come from? _______________________
5. What 4 products have been made so far? ___________________________________
Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain
1. Electrons move from carrier to carrier, releasing energy to make ATP. A total of
____________ ATP molecules are made in this stage.
2. The Hydrogen ions are pumped into the _______________________ (part of the
mitochondria) where a hydrogen gradient is built up. The Hydrogen ions then go through
the ATP synthase molecule where ____________ is regenerated.
3. The final carrier is ________________ which will then unite with H+ to make _______.
Summary:
Total ATP’s made _____________ Glycolysis
_____________ Krebs Cycle
_____________ Electron Transport Chain
1 Glucose Molecule=
_____________ ATP Molecules
This is an efficiency of 44%. Most car engines get an efficiency of 25% from gasoline.
How can you explain the greater efficiency of living organisms at burning fuel?
How and where are fats and proteins used to produce ATP?
Fermentation:
1. The two main types of fermentation are ________________ and ________________
fermentation.
2. Yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation, forming
_________________ and _____________ as wastes.
3. In many cells, the _____________ that accumulates as a result of glycolysis can be
converted to Lactic Acid.
4. One cause of muscle soreness is ________________________________________.
5. What happens to most of the energy that was in the glucose?
6. Which process, aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration, is the most efficient at
releasing energy?