Stevia 1999
295. The Low Calorie Sweetener Stevioside: Stability and Interaction with
Food Ingredients
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, Volume 32, Issue 8, December 1999, Pages
509-512
G. Th. Kroyer
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Abstract
The stability of the low calorie sweetener stevioside during different processing and
storage conditions, as well as the effects of its interaction with the water-soluble vitamins
ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and nicotinic acid, the organic acids acetic
acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and phosphoric acid, the other common low calorie
sweeteners saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, acesulfame, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone,
and caffeine in coffee and tea, were evaluated. Incubation of solid stevioside at elevated
temperatures for 1 h showed good stability up to 120°C, whilst forced decomposition was
noticed at temperatures exceeding 140°C. In aqueous solution stevioside was remarkably
stable in a pH range of 2–10 under thermal treatment up to 80°C; however, under strong
acidic conditions (pH 1), a significant decrease in the stevioside concentration was
detected. Up to 4 h of incubation with individual water-soluble vitamins in aqueous
solution at 80°C showed no significant changes with regard to stevioside and the Bvitamins, whereas a protective effect of stevioside on the degradation of ascorbic acid
was observed, resulting in a significant delayed degradation rate. In the presence of other
individual low calorie sweeteners, practically no interaction was found at room
temperature after 4 months of incubation in aqueous media. Stability studies of stevioside
in solutions of organic acids showed a tendency towards enhanced decomposition of the
sweetener at lower pH values, depending on the acidic medium. In stevioside-sweetened
coffee and tea, very few significant chances in caffeine content or in stevioside content
were found.
60: J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Nov 1;67(2):157-61.
Related Articles, Links
Melis MS. (1999). Effects of chronic administration of Stevia rebaudiana on
fertility in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Nov 1;67(2):157-61
‫ضار‬
Effects of chronic administration of Stevia rebaudiana on fertility in rats
Melis MS.
Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de
Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. [email protected]
A study conducted on prepubertal male rats showed that chronic administration
(60 days) of a Stevia rebaudiana aqueous extract produced a decrease in final
weight of testis, seminal vesicle and cauda epididymidis. In addition, the fructose
content of the accessory sex glands and the epididymal sperm concentration are
decreased. Stevia treatment tended to decrease the plasma testosterone level,
probably by a putative affinity of glycosides of extract for a certain androgen
receptor, and no alteration occurred in luteinizing hormone level. These data are
consistent with the possibility that Stevia extracts may decrease the fertility of
male rats.
PMID: 10619379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
297.
Longipinene derivatives from Stevia porphyrea
Phytochemistry, Volume 52, Issue 3, October 1999, Pages 473-477
Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola, Carlos M. Cerda-García-Rojas, Luisa U. Román, Juan D.
Hernández, Pedro Joseph-Nathan
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Abstract
The new longipinene derivatives 8α-angeloyloxy-7β-hydroxy-9α-isovaleroyloxylongipin2-en-1-one, 7β-angeloyloxy-8α,9α-dihydroxylongipin-2-en-1-one and 7β-angeloyloxy9α-hydroxy-8α-isovaleroyloxylongipin-2-en-1-one
together
with
five
known
longipinenes, friedelin and stigmasterol were isolated from the roots of Stevia porphyrea.
The positional assignment of individual ester residues was done by HMBC experiments.
298.
Food Characteristics of Recipes Using Stevia Sweetner - A Proposed
Herbal Sugar Substitute
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Volume 99, Issue 9, Supplement 1,
September 1999, Page A29
POSTER SESSION: FOODSERVICE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY
NUTRITION/PUBLIC HEALTH
L. Kerzicnik, N. Stendell, M. McMuny, D. Hagan
L. Kerzicnik BSa, N. Stendell BSa, M. McMuny MS, RDa and D. Hagan PhD, RDa
aL.
Kerzicnik, BS, N. Stendell, BS, M. McMuny, MS, RD, D. Hagan, PhD, RD, Oregon Health Sciences Univ.,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
‫ضارة نسبيا‬
Kerzicnik , L.; N. Stendell; M. McMuny and D. Hagan (1999). Food Characteristics
of Recipes Using Stevia Sweetner - A Proposed Herbal Sugar Substitute. Journal of the
American Dietetic Association 99( 9),Supplement 1, : A29
LEARNING OUTCOME: The purpose of this study was to determine if stevia can
replace some or all of sucrose in recipes without altering the visual acceptability or
physical characteristics of food products..
Available online 24 April 2003.
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial herb with claimed medicinal and culinary
characteristics. It is approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Thirtytwo volunteer participants evaluated three different food products for the following
sensory characteristics: tenderness, aroma, color, grain size or consistency, and overall
appearance. Standard food testing evaluation methods were used, including ink prints and
standing height measurements. Data was analyzed using SPSS Data Software. Mean
scores for each of the product characteristics were tested for individual significant
differences (P=0.05) using the Friedman Test. In two out of the three products
evaluated, recipes using 100% stevia and recipes using 25 % sucrose/ 75% stevia
ranked superior in four of five sensory characteristics evaluated (tenderness, aroma,
color, grain size or consistency, and overall appearance). However, the type of food
product appeared to influence overall evaluation scores. Low sugar diets are used in
medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia,
and for the prevention of tooth decay. There is a demand in society for more sugar
substitutes in cooked food products. Aspartame (Nutrasweet) disintegrates at higher
temperatures and loses its sweetening ability. Likewise, saccharin has limited
accessibility because of certain Food and Drug Administration (PDA) restrictions. Study
results show that stevia can replace some or all of the sugar (sucrose) in recipes without
drastically affecting the visual acceptability or physical characteristics of the food
product. Therefore, further studies on the safety of stevia are needed to determine its
potential usefulness as a sugar substitute.
299.
Formulation and evaluation of dry dessert mix containing sweetener
combinations using mixture response methodology
Food Chemistry, Volume 66, Issue 2, August 1999, Pages 167-171
S. C. F. Iop, R. S. F. Silva, A. P. Beleia
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Abstract
Reduced calorie foods are an important area for product development. Foods formulated
for diabetics and/or weight reduction tend to replace bulk caloric sweeteners with high
intensity sweeteners. A mixture experimental design was used to model the acceptability
of a low calorie dessert mix sweetened with single, binary and tertiary combinations of
saccharin, cyclamate and stevioside. The design included constraints to permit sweetener
addition according to the limits of food laws. The dessert mixture had a 37% caloric
reduction when compared to the sucrose sweetened pudding, and texture equivalent to
commercial products was reproduced with the addition of 0.01 g/100 ml carrageenan.
The most acceptable combination of the sweeteners tested was saccharin: cyclamate
(0.755:0.245), but other combinations could be used to obtain an acceptable product
taking cost of the ingredients into consideration. ©
300.
Biotransformation of the diperpenoid, isosteviol, by Aspergillus niger,
Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus arrhizus
Phytochemistry, Volume 51, Issue 6, July 1999, Pages 737-741
Brás H. de Oliveira, Márcia C. dos Santos, Paulo C. Leal
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Abstract
The biotransformation of isosteviol (ent-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid) by three fungi is
described. Aspergillus niger produced the 7β-OH derivative, ent-7α-hydroxy-16ketobeyeran-19-oic, and the 1α,7β-diOH derivative, ent-1β,7α-dihydroxy-16ketobeyeran-19-oic acid. The 17-OH compound, ent-17-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic
acid, was obtained with Penicillium chrysogenum. Rhizopus arrhizus produced the 7βOH derivative, ent-7α-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid. The isolated metabolites
were characterised by IR, NMR and MS.
301.
Sesquiterpene lactones from Stevia alpina var. glutinosa
Phytochemistry, Volume 51, Issue 1, 10 May 1999, Pages 79-82
Zaida N. J. de Hernández, César A. n. Catalán, Luis R. Hernández, Diana GuerraRamírez, Pedro Joseph-Nathan
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Abstract
The aerial parts of Stevia alpina var. glutinosa afforded, in addition to
knownsesquiterpene lactones, two new germacranolides and two new eudesmanolides.
The structureswere established mainly by NMR spectroscopy.
302.
Diterpenes from the marine mangrove Bruguieragymnorhiza
Phytochemistry, Volume 51, Issue 1, 10 May 1999, Pages 83-90
Chitti Subrahmanyam, Battula Venkateswara Rao, Robert S. Ward, Michael B.
Hursthouse, David E. Hibbs
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Abstract
Steviol and five new diterpenes have been isolated from the outer layer of the rootbark of
Bruguiera gymnorhiza Lam of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are ent-kaur-16en-13-hydroxy-19-al; 15 (S)-isopimar-7-en-15,16-diol, ent-kaur-16-en-13,19-diol,methylent-kaur-9 (11)-en-13,17-epoxy-16-hydroxy-19-oate; 1β,15 (R)-ent-pimar-8(14)-en1,15,16-triol. Their structures were established by means of spectral studies,
chemicalreactions and, in case of the last compound, by X-ray analysis.
303.
Herbs and the childbearing woman: Guidelines for midwives
Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, Volume 44, Issue 3, 6 May 1999, Pages 231-252
Cindy Belew
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Abstract
The use of herbs to promote health or treat disease has become popular, and midwives
increasingly encounter questions from childbearing clients regarding herbs. This article
provides an overview of key concepts regarding the incorporation of herbs into clinical
practice and discusses the preparation and administration of herbal treatments for
common concerns of pregnancy. Safety issues are emphasized throughout.
304.
Flow cytometry of plant cells with applications in large-scale
bioprocessing
Biotechnology Advances, Volume 17, Issue 1, April 1999, Pages 3-27
Wandee Yanpaisan, Nicholas J. C. King, Pauline M. Doran
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant upsurge in the application of flow cytometry
to plant cells and plant cell cultures. As well as a range of uses in plant biology, flow
cytometry offers many advantages for monitoring plant cell cultures used in large-scale
bioprocessing operations. This review summarizes the current status of the field,
concentrating on methods for DNA measurement and multiparameter cell cycle analysis.
Techniques for screening and selection of elite cell lines with high productivity of
secondary metabolites are also addressed.
305.
Two new products from equus therapeutics
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 19, Issue 4, April 1999, Page 278
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Abstract
No abstract is available for this article.
306.
New joint supplement
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 19, Issue 4, April 1999, Page 278
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Abstract
No abstract is available for this article.
307.Tribrissen® available again
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 19, Issue 4, April 1999, Pages 278-279
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Abstract
No abstract is available for this article.
308.
One stop mycology
Mycological Research, Volume 103, Issue 3, March 1999, Pages 372-384
Lilyann Novak Frazer
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Abstract | References
This listing covers the period November 1, 1997 through to December 31, 1997. Citations
are arranged in groups which roughly correspond with the British Mycological Society's
Special Interest Committees. All correspondence about this item should be addressed to
the Executive Editor. Reprints of this feature will not be available.
309.
Biological
Allelopathy: Principles, Procedures, Processes, and Promises for
Control
Advances in Agronomy, Volume 67, 1999, Pages 141-231
Inderjit, K. Irwin Keating
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Allelopathy can be defined as chemical interactions between and among both plants and
microorganisms via releases of biologically active chemical compounds into the
environment. During the past three decades this scientific field has received growing
attention from soil scientists, microbiologists, ecologists, plant physiologists,
biochemists, botanists, weed scientists, agronomists, and natural product chemists.
Although a few studies are acknowledged to have demonstrated probable allelopathy in
nature, many appeared limited to in vitro circumstances. This difficulty reflects the
complexity of allelopathic interactions. Allelopathic effects are often modified by
additional biotic and abiotic stress factors, uncertain meteorological events, or physical,
chemical, and biological soil factors, all of which can influence the residence time,
persistence, concentration, and fate of allelopathic compounds in the environment.
Special emphasis is given to an overview of the allelopathic activities of weed and crop
species, especially via crop residues in the agroecosystem, and to consideration of the
biotic and abiotic factors which influence the expression of Allelopathy A brief
discussion of secondary metabolites with allelopathic activities and of the mechanisms of
action of allelopathic compounds is also provided. The allelopathic potential of certain
weed and crop species can influence the growth and distribution of associated weed
species and the yield of desired plants, and allelopathy has been employed successfully in
biocontrol programs focusing on control of problematic weeds and plant diseases. Thus,
it plays an important role in an agroecosystem and it is clear that a better understanding
of allelopathy can help both in crop improvement and in developing more sustainable
agriculture
310.Molecular complex of isosteviol with aniline
Mendeleev Communications, Volume 9, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 227-228
Vladimir A. Alfonsov, Galina A. Bakaleynik, Aidar T. Gubaidullin, Vladimir E. Kataev,
Galina I. Kovyljaeva, Alexander I. Konovalov, Igor A. Litvinov, Irina Ju. Strobykina,
Olga V. Andreeva, Maya G. Korochkina
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Isosteviol forms a crystalline molecular complex with aniline in the ratio 2:1, whose
supramolecular structure looks like a double chiral helix cross-linked by aniline
molecules.
311.
The role of biomass in a pilot town of Venezuelan Andes
Renewable Energy, Volume 16, Issues 1-4, January-April 1999, Pages 981-984
A. Padilla, R. Sanchez, L. Briceño, E. Urbina
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Abstract
This work analyzes some factors of the energy crisis in a town of the Venezuelan Andes
(Llano del Hato, 3500 m.a.s.l.). The socioeconomics and climatic conditions in this
region make the use of firewood as fuel mandatory. There are extensive desertified areas
due to the extraction of plant species for firewood. It has been determined that there are
diverse species in the area whose energy potential is superior to that reported in the
literature; however, they are incorrectly used and are in danger of extinction. The absence
of firewood drives peasants to use manure as a source of fuel. Parallel to the laboratory
testing of different raw materials, a program of environmental education and optimization
of biomass to obtain energy is under way. It is hoped that pilot plans like this will expand
to all of the Andean region.
59: Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1999;54(2):119-30.
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Measurement of the relative sweetness of stevia extract, aspartame
and cyclamate/saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different
concentrations.
Cardello HM, Da Silva MA, Damasio MH.
Department of Food and Nutrition, FCF-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
[email protected]
Special diets are used to mitigate many human diseases. When these diets require
changes in carbohydrate content, then sweetness becomes an important
characteristic. The range of low-calorie sweeteners available to the food industry
is expanding. It is essential to have an exact knowledge of the relative sweetness
of various sweeteners in relation to different sucrose concentrations. The
objective of this study was to determine the variation on the relative sweetness of
aspartame (APM), stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni] leaf extract (SrB)
and the mixture cyclamate/saccharin--two parts of cyclamate and one part of
saccharin--(C/S) with the increase in their concentrations, and in neutral and acid
pH in equisweet concentration to 10% sucrose, using magnitude estimation.
Sweetness equivalence of SrB in relation to sucrose concentrations of 20% or
higher and of APM and C/S to sucrose concentrations of 40% or higher could not
be determined, because a bitter taste predominated. The potency of all sweeteners
decreased as the level of sweetner increased. In equi-sweet concentration of
sucrose at 10%, with pH 7.0 and pH 3.0, the potency was practically the same for
all sweeteners evaluated.
PMID: 10646559 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
61: Phytomedicine. 1999 Oct;6(4):247-50.
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Effect of crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana on renal water and
electrolytes excretion.
Melis MS.
‫شبة ضارة‬
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
To evaluate the effect of crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana on renal water, Na+
and K+ excretion, male Wistar rats (250-350 g each) under antidiuresis or water
diuresis conditions, were evaluated. During intravenous infusion of the extract
(0.05 mg/min/100 g) no significant differences were detected in mean arterial
pressure or renal hemodynamics parameters. In contrast, fractional water and
sodium excretion and solute clearance increased significantly, in both groups of
animals. In antidiuresis rats the extract significantly increased reabsorption of
water by the collecting duct and in water diuresis animals the extract significantly
increased free water clearance. The data suggest preferential action of the extract
in the proximal tubular cells involved with salt transport mechanism.
PMID: 10589443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
62: Plant J. 1999 Aug;19(4):411-21.
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Diterpene synthesis in Stevia rebaudiana: recruitment and upregulation of key enzymes from the gibberellin biosynthetic
pathway.
Richman AS, Gijzen M, Starratt AN, Yang Z, Brandle JE.
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada, London, Ontario, Canada.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves accumulate a mixture of at least eight different
glycosides derived from the tetracyclic diterpene steviol. These natural products
taste intensely sweet and have similar biosynthetic origins to those of gibberellic
acid (GA). The initial steps leading to the formation of GA result from the twostep cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) to (-)-kaurene via the
action of two terpene cyclases (-)-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) and (-)kaurene synthase (KS). Steviol biosynthesis probably uses the same mechanism
although the genes and enzymes from S. rebaudiana that are involved in the
cyclization of GGDP have not been characterized. We have isolated both the CPS
and KS genes from S. rebaudiana and found that recombinant CPS and KS were
catalytically active, suggesting that the CPS and KS genes participate in steviol
biosynthesis. The genes coding for CPS and KS are usually present in single
copies in most plant species and their expression is normally low and limited to
rapidly growing tissues. The KS gene has been duplicated in the S. rebaudiana
genome and both the KS and CPS genes are highly expressed in mature leaves, a
pattern opposite to that found with GA biosynthesis. This pattern may, at least in
part, lead to temporal and spatial separation of GA and steviol biosynthesis and
probably helps to prevent over-expression from interfering with normal GA
metabolism. Our results show that CPS and KS are part of the steviol glycoside
biosynthetic pathway and that Stevia rebaudiana has recruited two genes to
secondary metabolism from a highly regulated pathway involved in hormone
biosynthesis.
PMID: 10504563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
63: J Nat Prod. 1999 Jun;62(6):920-2.
Related Articles, Links
Oxidative transformations of guaia-1(10)-en-12,8-olides into xanthanolides
Oxidative transformations of guaia-1(10)-en-12,8-olides into xanthanolides
Martinez-Vazquez M, Cardenas J, Godoy L, Martinez-Bahena M, Miranda
R, Salm n M.
Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito
Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacan 04510, Mexico D. F., Mexico, and
Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas FES-C, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico.
Dihydropsuedoivalin (1) was isolated from Stevia tomentosa, which, when
treated with base, afforded epidihydropseudoivalin (2). The stereochemistry of 1
and 2 was established by crystallographic X-ray studies of the two derivatives of
epidihydropseudoivalin. Treatment of 1 and 2 with Jones's reagent afforded the
xanthanolides 3 and 4, respectively.
PMID: 10395522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]