The 17th ICABU
Accelerators and Future Industry in Korea
Nov. 11, 2013
Byung-Ho Choi
2
Outlines
I
Brief History of Accelerators in Korea
II
Accelerator Market in Korea & in the World
III
Industrialization Experiences at PEFP/KAERI
IV
Accelerators for Future Industry
V
Summary
2
3
Brief History of Accelerators in Korea
278$
1,689$
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
1st Medical Linac
85
86
87
88
89
1st Medical Cyclotron
1st Tandem
1st Ion Implanter
6,308$
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
81
98 99
1st Domestic
Ion Implanter
11,347$
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1st Domestic
Industrial Accelerator
3rd G Light Source (PLS)
1st Domestic
Medical Cyclotron
1st Proton Therapy (NCC)
20,540$
10
11
12
13
Proton Linac (KOMAC)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Heavy Ion Therapy Acc. (KIRAMS)
4th G Light Source (PAL)
Heavy Ion Linac (RAON)
3
4
Medical Accelerators in Korea
1. Electron Linac for Radiotherapy
• Application Fields : X-ray Therapy, Electron Therapy
• Major Users : Large Hospitals
• Development :
1st Medical Linac started service operation at Severance in 1972, now 200 units are in service
Several projects for domestic development & localization are in progress
2. Cyclotron for RI Production
13 MeV Linac @ Severance Hospital (1972)
• Application Fields : Medical RI Production
• Major Users : Large
• Development :
Since 1st medical cyclotron from SCANDTRONIX started service operation at KIRAMS in 1986,
About 40 units are now in operation.
KIRAMS developed a 13MeV cyclotron for PET RI in 2002. 7 units produced & distributed.
Also KIRAMS developed a 30MeV cyclotron and installed at ARTI / KAERI in 2010
MC50 Cyclotron @ KIRAMS (1986)
3. Cyclotron for Proton / Ion Therapy
• Application Fields : Proton Therapy, Carbon Therapy
• Major Users : Large Hospitals
• Development :
1st proton therapy cyclotron from IBA started treatments at NCC, Ilsan in 2007.
now about 800 patients were treated
2nd facility at Samsung Medical Center is to start service operation in 2014
230 MeV Proton Cyclotron @ NCC (2007)
1st heavy ion therapy accelerator is under development at KIRAMS for C ion therapy by 2016
4
*C
5
Industrial Accelerators in Korea
1. Ion Implanter for Industry
• Application Fields : Semiconductor doping, Surface treatment
• Major Users : Semiconductor manufacturers
• Development :
Since 1st implanter was installed in semiconductor production line in 1983,
now about 1,000 units are running
KAERI developed a high current ion implanter for surface treatment of metal & polymer in1989
Ion Implanter @ KAERI (1989)
2. Electron Accelerators for e-Beam Processing
• Application Fields : Tire, Cable, Sterilization, Power semiconductor,
• Major Users : Industry
• Development :
In 1980’s, several electron accelerators were installed for irradiation of industrial products
such as tire, cable and polymers. 35 accelerators are running at the companies.
In 2000’s, EB Tech produced commercial industrial electron accelerators of a transformer
type cooperated with BINP in Russia
KAPRA developed a 10MeV, 30kW high power linac for industrial e-beam processing in 2010.
Electron Accelerator @ EBTech (2002)
Electron Accelerator @ KAPRA (2010)
5
6
Research Accelerators in Korea
1. Tandem Accelerators for Material Analysis and Carbon Dating
• Application Fields : PIXE, RBS, AMS etc.
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
1st tandem was installed at KIGAM in 1988 for PIXE and RBS.
And then3 AMS tandems were installed for carbon-14 dating
1.7 MV Tandem VDG Accelerator @ KIGAM (1988)
2. Synchrotron Light Source
• Application Fields : X-ray scattering, Microscope, SAXS etc.
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
- PAL developed & constructed a 2.5GeV electron linac and a synchrotron
for Synchrotron Light to mainly use material analysis in 1994.
- Currently a 10GeV electron linac for X-FEL is under construction by 2014 at PAL.
Pohang Light Source @ PAL, Pohang(1994)
3. Proton Linac
• Application Fields : Material modifications, RI Production,
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
KAERI developed & constructed a 100MeV proton linac for material irradiation,
isotope production and neutron generation in 2012.
100 MeV Proton Accelerator @ KAERI ,Gyeongju (2012)
4. Heavy Ion Linac for Rare Isotope Production
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
RAON is under development at IBS by 2018.
Heavy Ion Accelerator @ IBS, Daejeon (2018)
6
7
Accelerators for National Security
1. Electron Linac for Cargo Inspection
- Application Fields : Container inspection at port and airport
- Major Users : Customhouse
- Development :
Since 3 container inspection systems with 9MeV electron linac were installed
at Busan port in 2002. 12 systems are in operation at several ports
Several projects to develop the inspection system in Korea are under progress
- Remarks :
Due to increasing security checks of world trade cargo,
40-50 inspection systems are to be installed by 2015 in Korea
Container Inspection at Busan port (2002)
Container Inspection at Incheon port (2003)
7
8
Accelerators in Korea
1,004
300
213
200
100
41
4
2
17
14
20
0
Ion
Implanter
Van de
Synchrotron Transformer
Graaff
Light Source Accelerator
Accelerator
Cyclotron
Linear
Accelerator
Neutron
Generator
CockcroftWalton
Accelerator
Ref : Korea Radioisotope Association (2012)
8
9
Korean Market of Radiation Sources
Annual Import & Domestic Production of Radiation Sources in Korea
B Won
10,000
460
4,600
9,000
410
4,100
8,000
7,000
360
3,600
6,000
310
3,100
5,000
260
2,600
4,000
2,100
210
3,000
1,600
160
2,000
1,100
110
1,000
600
60
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2011
Number of produced units
Number of imported units
Amount of imports
100
10
Ref : Korea Radioisotope Association (2012)
*C
9
10
World Accelerator Market
NDT,
70, 2%
NDT,
10, 8%
Ion
Implantation
500, 38%
Canser
Therapy
500, 38%
Neutron
Generation,
50, 4%
e-beam &
x-ray
Irradiation,
75, 6%
Ion Beam
Analysis,
25, 2%
Annual Sales Units (1,310 )
Canser
Therapy,
1800, 51%
Radio
Isotope,
60, 4%
Neutron
Generation,
30, 1%
Ion
Implantation
1400, 39%
Radio
Isotope,
70, 2%
e-beam & xray
Irradiation,
130, 4%
Ion Beam
Analysis,
30, 1%
Annual Sales Volume (3,530M$)
Ref : Japan Electric Manufactures’ Association (2010)
10
Accelerator Technology, Products, Market & Experts
X-ray therapy
End
User
Markets
Core
Products
Proton therapy
BNCT
Medical linacs
PET isotopes
Cancer treatment
isotopes
Medical tracer
isotopes
Angiography
Health Care
Ion sources
targets
Material
structure
Neutron
Scattering
Synchrotron
Radiation
Material
Testing
Neutron
Radiography
Material
Science &
Tech.
Waste
transmutation
Sewage treatment
Exothermic
Chemical waste
beam driven
treatment
fission
Flue gas
Heavy ion fusion treatment
Soil remediation
Trace element
analysis
Non
proliferation
Neutral particle
beams
Tritium
production
Neutron
radiography
Renewable
Energy
Sources
Defense
Low energy ion transport system
RFQ
Skills
&
Experts
Environment Security
Industrial
Protection & & InspecApplication
Restoration tion
Sub-micron
Photolithography
Ion beam
lithography
Ion micro beams
Charge injection
PIXE & RBS
Micro beam
analysis
NanoTechnology
DTL Accelerator theory Superconducting linacs & cavities
Rapid cycling synchrotrons FEL RF Photocathode electron guns
Synchrotron light sources
Food
irradiation
&
packaging
Structural
Biology
Protein & DNA
Molecular
structure
Food
Biotech. &
Industry bioscience
Proton accumulator ring
Basic NP and HEP
science
experiments
Shielding and
detector design
Nuclear &
High Energy
Physics
Spallation neutron sources &
Proton synchrotrons Induction accelerator
Racetrack microtron
High power Microwave Electron linac
Core
Competence
Core
Capabilities
Luggage &
container
inspection
Explosive
detection
Weapons
detection
Ion implantation
Surface
treatment
QA inspection
Polymerization
Petroleum
exploration
11
Particle Accelerator
Ion source physics
* Source: LANL(USA)
Beam dynamics Beam physics Beam transport optics High order optics RF power engineering RF accelerating structures Magnets Pulsed power Ring lattice
design Beam transport code development Magnetic code development RF structure code development Control system engineering Instrumentation & diagnostics Remote handling
Reliability analysis Shielding design ES & H engineering, Facility engineering Beam target physics & engineering Accelerator operations & maintenance Accelerator commissioning
Accelerator designers
Material engineers
Electronic technicians
Pulsed power engineers
Mechanical technician Radiation control techs
Controls engineers Mechanical drafting
RF power engineers Beam dynamists Magnet engineers Beam line designers
Electronic drafting
Computer systems engineers Property managers Brazing furnace
operators Instrumentation engineers RF structure physicists Accelerator operators Security officers Environment safety & health officers Remote handing technician
11
Utilization Fields of Proton/Ion Accelerators with energy
Industrial Uses
12
Research Uses
Utilization
(AU)
Protein Structure
Analysis
Ion Beam Machining
Medical Uses
Ion Implantation
Nano Machining
MEMS
Nano Measurement & Analysis
Space radiation
Environment
Explosive
Detection
Material Treatments
Functional
material
Space Component Test
Power Semiconductor
New RI & RI Beam
Nuclear materials
Nuclear Transmutation
High Power RF
Conductive Polymer
Genetic Sources
BNCT
Surface Treatment of Metal
& Ceramics
0.1
1
Proton & Ion Therapy
Neutron Radiography
Medical RI
10
Particle Energy (MeV)
Muon & Nutrino Science
100
1000
12
13
Industrialization Experiences at PEFP/ KAERI
Classification
Completion
(Technology
Transferred)
Under
Industrialization
Field
Company
Accelerator
Technology
▷Ion Source
▷Low Energy Ion Beam Equipment
▷IBAD Ion Beam Equipment
▷ 300kV Ion Implanter
ABEAM
ISYS
Samsung Electronics
ARI / KAERI
Functional
Materials
▷ Antistatic Electricity Technology on Plastic Tray
▷ Enhancement of durability of Hair Clipper
▷Antistatic & UV Protection Polymer
▷Surface Treatment of Juice Extractor
Korea Placo
Hasung e-sis
Accel Korea
Green Power Campo
Accelerator Tech.
▷High rate etching ion source for Zn-Mg coating
POSCO
▷Enhancement of micro-drill life time
▷Coloring of gem stones
▷luminance & anti-UV enhanced automobile interior polymer
▷Super Hydrophilic property of cooling-pin
▷Adhesion improvement on Metal PCB
Samhwa Yangheng
Ajagems
Sinki Intermobile
Samsung Electronics
U&B OPC
▷Ion-Cut Technology for SOI Wafer
BNP Science
▷Bio-degradable Plastic ( PHB)
Genomic Tree
▷High Power Klystron
Prosiscom
▷Vegetable & Plan breeding
New Seoul Seeds
▷ Irradiation of Power Semiconductor
Widuk Univ
▷Radiation Effects of Space Components
Asys
▷Proton Therapy Technology
SF Technology
Functional
Materials
Nano Technology
Bio Technology
Accelerator Tech.
Under Technology
Development
Industrialized Technology
Bio Technology
Semicon.Technology
Space Technology
Medicine
13
14
Step
Technology Development Steps & Industrial Acceptances
Death
Valley
Dormancy
Growth
Maturity
Degeneration
Acceptance
Mass Production
Grand Expectation
Discovery
Low Level Production
Disappointment
Sucessful : 10%
Failing : 90%
Time (15-25Yr)
14
15
Role of Accelerator in the Future Industry
•
The 21c Science & Technology demands researches with a nano level of atoms & molecules
to create new technology and new products
As tools to “see(observe) & handle(manipulate)” in the nano world, we need
large research facilities to provide atomic or subatomic particles like proton, ion, photon
Accelerator Application Fields
IC
Nano Particle
Atom
Proton
Neutron
electron
Research Facilities
Electron Acc.
Protein / Drug
Research Reactor
(Electron, Photon)
(Neutron)
Quantum
Engineering
Proton Acc.
(Proton, Neutron)
Nano Structure/
Functional materials
Nano Membrane
 Photon & Neutron: Role of “Eye”
Analysis of Structure & Composition
Quantum Dot/Display
 Proton & Heavy Ion: Role of “Hand”
Manipulation of Structure & Composition
Creation of New Materials (Elements & Isotopes)
Ion Acc.
(Heavy Ion)
16
Accelerator & Future Industry in Korea

21C Industrial Technology
Industry
Innovation Fields
Auto*
• High fuel efficient car
Steel*
• Functional steel
• Low carbon energy
Energy
Home
Electronics*
Bio
Medical
Chemistry*
Material
Water
Mold
• Next generation
nuclear energy
• High quality display
• Home robot
• High efficient illumination
• Bio similar Drug
• Genetic resources
• Diagnostics
• Therapy(proton, ion)
• High functional plastics
• Synthetic Detergent
• High efficient catalyst
• Imitation of living things
• Water treatment tech.
• High precision mold
To Handle Atoms and Molecules
Core Technology
Need Accelerators
Core Product
Applied Accelerators
- High efficient Rechargeable Battery
- Compact Power Converter
- High efficient Engine
- High strength Light Materials
- High Strength Steel Sheet
- Non Corrosive Steel Sheet
- High Efficiency Power Converter
- Bio Diesel
- Sola Cell Materials
- Next Generation Nuclear Materials
- Nuclear Waste Treatment
- High efficient Light Guide Plate
- Super Small Motor
- High efficient LED
- Bio Anticancer Drug
- Drug Development
- Eco-friendly Genetic Resource
- Cancer Diagnostics with RI
- Cancer Therapy
- High Temperature Polymer
- High Strength Polymer
- Conductive / UV Proof Polymer
- Biodegradable Detergent
- Nano Catalysis
- Nano Fabrication
- Battery Materials (Electrode, Membrane)
- High Efficient Power Semiconductor
- TLA (Thin Layer Activation)
- Reinforced Plastics / Steels
- Special Steel Material Development
- Anticorrosive Materials Development
- Large Power Semiconductor
- Genetic Resource of Algae / Rape
- Thin Wafer with Large Size
- Corrosion Resistive Materials
- Incineration of long lived Radio-isotope
- Nano Fabrication of Light Guide Plate
- Ferromagnetic materials
- Ion Implantation
- Protein Structure Analysis
- Analysis of Molecular Structure
- Genetic Resources of Plant / Microorganism
- Medical Radio Isotope
- Proton / Ion Therapy Facility
- Plastic Materials
- Polymer with Nano Material Compound
- Functional Plastics
- Functional Detergent
- Production of Nano particle
- Ion Beam Fabrication
Synchrotron Light/ Neutron Source
Proton/ Electron Accelerator
Proton Accelerator
Electron / Ion Accelerator
Neutron Source
Ion Accelerator
Electron / Ion Accelerator
Proton Accelerator
Proton Accelerator
Ion Accelerator
Neutron Source
Ion Accelerator
Synchrotron Light/ Neutron Source
Ion Accelerator
Synchrotron Light/ Neutron Source
Neutron Source
Proton Accelerator
Proton Accelerator
Proton / Ion Accelerator
Synchrotron Light/ Neutron Source
Electron Accelerator
Ion Accelerator
Synchrotron Light
Proton / Electron Accelerator
Ion Accelerator
- Membrane(UF, NF, Ro )
- Micro / Nano Pore
Ion Accelerator
- Precision Injection Molding
- Surface Treatment with Super Precision
Ion Accelerator
17
Accelerator Business
Accelerator
 Business Type:
Selling accelerator systems and their
parts for Industrial, Medical, Inspection
system.
 Strength:
• Minimize Market Risk due to entering
the existing market.
 Weakness;
• Severe Completion in Red Ocean
 Condition:
• High Performance
• High Reliability
• Low Cost
 Case:
• USA : Varian, GE
• Japan : Sumitomo, Mitsubishi
• EU : IBA, Siemens
• China : Nuctech
Beam Service
 Business Type: Beam services and
direct production with accelerators
 Strength:
• Easy launching for a beam service
market
 Weakness;
• Large investment for construction
and operation
 Condition:
• High Reliability
• High Availability
 Case:
• USA : BNL, LANL
• Japan : RIKEN
• Canada : TRIUMP/Nordion
• Germany : GSI
Mixed (Proc. & Equ.)
 Business Type: Developing new
processing technology and its
production equipment using
accelerator
 Strength:
• New products by using accelerator
in Blue Ocean
• Integration business with accelerator
equipment and beam processing
 Weakness;
• High Risk for an emerging market
 Condition:
• Competitiveness with existing
products
• High Reliability
17
Challenging unsolved problems with Accelerators
World's 20 Greatest
Unsolved Problems
• Loss-free electric power
transmission & storage
• Super-speed internet,
quantum computing
by John R. Vacca,
Prentice Hall (2005)
18
• Origin, structure, &
evolution of the universe
• Nuclear fusion & spent
fuel processing
• Earthquake prediction
and prevention
• High-Temperature Superconductors (Condensed Matter)
Solvable
Problems
• Free Energy (Energy)
• Nuclear Waste and Nuclear Fusion (Energy)
• Dynamics of the Inner Earth
(Geology)
• Earthquake Predicting (Geology)
20 Greatest
Unsolved
Problems
Basic Process of the Life (Biology)
Protein Folding (Biology)
Reconstruction of the Ancient Tree of Life (Paleontology)
How Microscopic Atomic Forces Produce Macroscopic Behaviors (Chemistry)
Fabrication & Manipulation of Carbon-Based Nano StructuresFullerenes(Chemistry)
• Free Will (Neuroscience)
• Consciousness(Neuroscience)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mystery of Dark Matter (Astronomy)
Creation of the Universe (Cosmology)
Cosmological Constant Problem (Cosmology)
Quantum Theory of the Gravity (Gravity)
Mechanism to Make Fundamental Mass (Particle)
Solar Neutrino Problem (Particle, Astrophysics)
Source of Gamma-Ray Bursts (Astrophysics)
Unification of the Fundamental Forces(Particle)
•
•
•
•
•
Cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer, madcow, etc.
Advance food, medicine based on bioscience
Molecular computing & cloning
Artificial intelligence, mental disorder
Functional materials, nano-logic, & bio-probes
18
19
Summary
•
Accelerator development is closely related to the social and industrial development in Korea,
especially to health care and industry. Now Korea becomes an emerging market of accelerator.
• At beginning stage, commercial accelerators were imported and installed by a turn-key base
and then domestic developments were followed. The current Korea’s technological level
of accelerators and their applications nearly catches up with other developed countries.
• For “sustainable development” of the accelerator community in Korea, industrialization of
accelerator technologies has become an “indispensable part ”of it.
• PEFP/KAERI’s experiences show some possibility for industrialization of accelerator technology
in Korea.
• Especially Korea’s advanced industries such as auto, steel, semiconductor, electronics and
chemical industries are waiting for contributions of accelerator technologies in order to innovate
their conventional products and skills.
19