CHEMICALS
OF LIFE
(NUTRIENTS)
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
NUTRIENTS: needed by all organisms for
energy
building blocks
1. __________
and 2. ______________
ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC
a) Fill in the type of nutrient for each category.
MACRONUTRIENT
(need to consume
lots
______)
ORGANIC
(made by living
things)
1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. lipids (fats)
MICRONUTRIENT
(need to consume
little
______)
INORGANIC
1. water
ORGANIC
1. vitamins
INORGANIC
1. minerals
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
b) Use the simplified images of the monomers shown below to draw a
sketch of each of the following tables.
MONOMERS:
= 6 carbon
ring
= amino acids (aa)
20 different kinds
= 6 glycerol
= fatty acid (FA)
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
C
H
O
I. CARBOHYDRATES : Contain elements _____,
_____,
_____
glucose ring
Monomer = _______________
energy
General function: ______________
Diagram:
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
I. CARBOHYDRATES :
TYPES OF
CARBOHYDRATES
1.
monosaccharide
2.
disaccharide
No. of
Units
Diagram
1
EXAMPLES
1.
glucose
FOOD
SOURCE
honey
2.
fructose fruit
2
SPECIFIC FUNCTION
direct fuel for
mitochondria
1.
sucrose
table
sugar
enzymes break
disaccharides
into
2.
lactose
dairy
monosaccharides
products for energy
NUTRIENT
TEST
Benedict’s
blue 
orange
(when
heated)
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
I. CARBOHYDRATES :
TYPES OF
CARBOHYDRATES
3.
polysaccharide
No. of
Units
Diagram
EXAMPLES
FOOD
SOURCE
SPECIFIC FUNCTION
grains
potatoes
rice
1. Digested into
1000’s of
2.
glycogen
muscle
liver
how animals store
energy
3.
cellulose
cell walls
(celery)
- tough, insoluble
- no enzyme to
break it down
- provides roughage
to help keep you
regular
1.
starch
monosaccharides
for energy
2. how plants
store energy
NUTRIENT
TEST
iodine
yellow 
dark blue
(looks
black)
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
I. CARBOHYDRATES :
Plants and animals cannot directly store glucose in their cells
it is soluble & would diffuse out of cell
because __________________________________________.
Plants change glucose into ___________________
while
starch
glycogen
animals store it as_____________________.
monosaccharides (like glucose)
All carbohydrates are digested into _____________________
before entering the blood stream.
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
C ____,
H ____,
O ____
N ( ____)
S
II. Proteins : Contain elements ____,
amino acids (a.a.)
Monomer = _______________
Diagram:
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
II. Proteins :
TYPES OF
PROTEINS
SPECIFIC FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
1. structural insoluble proteins which make up
proteins all body parts
muscles, bone,
hair, skin
2. enzymes
soluble proteins which speed up
chemical reactions in your body
amylase,
pepsin
3. hormones
soluble proteins made in glands &
carried by the blood to target
cells  regulate metabolism
testosterone
estrogen
insulin
adrenalin
NUTRIENT
TEST
Biuret
turqoise 
violet
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
II. PROTEINS :
amino acids
All proteins are digested into ________________
before entering
the blood stream.
Your body takes these building blocks and makes its own characteristic
proteins.
20 different aa’s
8
essential a.a.’s = _______
Your body can’t make these
so you must consume them
in your food
complete proteins
contain all 8
essential a.a.’s
ex. animal
proteins like
meat, fish,
eggs
12
______
= non-essential a.a.’s
Your body can
make these
incomplete proteins
don’t contain
all 8 essential
a.a.’s
ex. plant
proteins like
nuts, seeds,
beans
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
C
H
O
III. LIPIDS (FATS) : Contain elements _____,
_____,
_____
3 fatty acids
glycerol
Monomers = _______________
& ___________________
General functions: 1. energy: twice as much energy as carbohydrates
2. insulation: helps keep heat in & cold out
3. cushions: layer of fat around vital organs
4. storage: long term energy storage
5. cell membrane: major component
6. dissolves fat-soluble vitamins
Diagram:
.
CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)
III. LIPIDS (FATS) :
TYPES OF LIPIDS
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
animal
fat
i.e.
bacon,
butter
DANGERS
1.
SATURATED
solid at room
temperature
2.
UNSATURATED
liquid at room plant fat obesity
temperature i.e. olive
oil
• cholesterol
• arteriosclerosis
(arteries harden)
• atherosclerosis
(arteries get
clogged)
heart attack
glycerol & 3 fatty acids
All fats are digested into _______________________
before they can enter the body.
NUTRIENT
TEST
Transluscent
stain
test
Homework
p. 36 # 1, 4 – 9
p.39 # 3 ,5
p. 40 # 1 & 2
p. 42 # 1 – 4