Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
1. What characteristics would be found in the center of the Venn diagram? (describes BOTH types)
Prokaryotic Cell:
Both:
Smaller in size
Reproduce asexually
Eukaryotic Cell:
Complex structure
?
Includes bacteria
a. Includes animal and plant cells
b. Includes DNA and ribosomes
Reproduce sexually
Contain membranebound organelles
c. Make up multicellular organisms
d. Contains DNA in a nucleus
2. Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The
feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the— (what’s the difference between bacteria
and everything else??)
a. Ability to maintain homeostasis all cells
b. Presence of ribosomes all cells
c. Ability to reproduce all cells
d. Presence of a nuclear membrane
3. Which of structure in the cell pictured here maintains
homeostasis in the cell? (cell membrane!)
a. A mitochondria
b. B
c. C ribosomes
d. D endoplasmic reticulum
4. There are four main types of macromolecules that are
synthesized and used in the metabolic processes of living cells. Name the type of molecules that are built
from amino acids in the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.
a. carbohydrates monosaccharides
b. lipids fatty acids
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids nucleotides
5. Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum? (this is
the same as the last question…)
a. The breakdown of waste material
b. The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
c. The synthesis of new proteins
d. The replication of nucleic acids
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
6. The diagram below shows how a paramecium maintains homeostasis. A paramecium normally lives in a
hypotonic environment in which water continually diffuses into the cell. To maintain homeostasis, the
paramecium must pump out large amounts of water using its contractile vacuole.
If the paramecium is then placed in a hypertonic environment, which of the following will occur? (solutions
= it’s always WATER moving, nothing else!!) (HYPER means HIGH, makes a cell DRY)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Water will diffuse into the paramecium. hypotonic
Water will diffuse out of the paramecium.
Salt will be pumped out of the paramecium by the vacuole.
Salt will be pumped into the paramecium by the vacuole.
7. The cellular process known as the sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950s by Jens Christian
Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the
outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why
energy is needed for active transport? (active transport = going UP the slide)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ions are negatively charged. not about movement
Ions are attached to large proteins. not about movement
Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane. not about movement
Ions are moved against the concentration gradient
8. A photograph of a virus is shown at right:
The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to—
a.
b.
c.
d.
Move inside a host cell
Attach to a host cell it’s the LOCK and KEY
Control a host cell’s DNA
Signal other viruses to infect a host cell
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
9. A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period
of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following? (how does it
replicate during the waiting period??)
a. The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing.
b. The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself.
c. The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration.
d. The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune
system from functioning normally.
10. A common respiratory disease in humans can be caused by the influenza virus. Which of the following
describes the structure of the influenza virus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum viruses aren’t cells
A nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat
A set of ribosomes held together by a microtubule viruses aren’t ribosomes
A single cell that contains a plasma membrane and a circular chromosome viruses aren’t cells
11. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms, including a high
fever, headaches, and body aches, typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is
more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is a.
b.
c.
d.
lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus happens fast
lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness this isn’t about the reproductive cycle
lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people happens fast
lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection
12. A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks later,
nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus. Which of the following best describes how the
virus reproduced? (how does ANY virus reproduce?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The virus made its own spores
The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes
The virus used the host plant’s resources and machinery to reproduce
The virus immediately killed the host plant and was free to reproduce
13. The cell cycle is important to the growth of organisms. This is because the cell cycle allows an organism to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
increase its number of cells
change its genetic material
stop unnecessary functions
protect itself from certain cancers
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
14. Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the process shown to the right? (a
DNA molecule! what’s it doing??)
a. New mRNA molecule is manufactured that will carry a copy of the DNA’s
message to the ribosome.
b. New DNA molecules are formed that have new sequences of DNA nucleotides
from the original
c. As nucleotides match up with the DNA code, amino acids sequence to form
the appropriate protein.
d. Two DNA molecules containing the same genetic code as the original DNA molecule are
produced.
15. A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below. Which phase is identified?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Prophase of mitosis
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
16. Which of these must occur during the S phase of the cell cycle so that 2 daughter cells can be produced
during M Phase?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The DNA must be replicated
The chromosome must be joined
The cytoplasm must be separated
The cell membrane must be expanded
17. What is the primary function of DNA in organisms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Binds to specific active sites enzymes
Stores genetic information
Transports amino acids to the ribosomes tRNA
Produces chromosomes for sexual reproduction gametes
18. A model of a DNA molecule is shown at right. The arrow indicates –
a.
b.
c.
d.
the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules
the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA
the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides
the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
19. How does DNA in cells determine an organism’s complex traits? (Central Dogma = DNA  RNA  protein)
a. DNA contains codes for proteins which are necessary for the growth and function of an
organism.
b. DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism.
c. DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow.
d. DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism. not about traits
20. The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most
important for which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism
Preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication
Allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication
Helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules
21. Characteristics such as a widow’s peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which
components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code? (when you see a DNA sequence, what are you
actually looking at?)
a. Phosphate group always the same
b. Nitrogenous Bases the only part that
changes
c. Deoxyribose sugars always the same
d. Hydrogen bonds always the same
22. Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation
results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence
that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
What type of mutation causes sickle-cell anemia? (where is the change??)
a. Substitution one taken out, a new
one put in
b. Insertion
c. Deletion
d. Frameshift
23. A mutation is least likely to affect a cell when the mutation— (which one WON’T change?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand CAT  TAC = different
allows the total number of bases in a DNA sequence to remain the same CAT  GTT = different
replaces a base with its complementary base CAT  CAA = different
produces a triplet that codes for the same amino acid as the original triplet CAT  cAT = same!
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
24. A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the
following? (gametes = sex cells = babies!)
a. The siblings of the organism
b. The offspring of the organism
c. The other organisms living nearby
d. The mating partner of the organism
25. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease affects people under the age of 65. Less than five percent of people who
are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have this type. Many cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease are
inherited, a type known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Which statement is best supported by this
information? (which one talks about something that can be passed on from your parents?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
FAD is the result of a genetic change in one or more chromosomes.
Natural selection will continue to reduce the incidence of FAD. not about inheritance
FAD affects only the genes of middle-aged people. not about inheritance
Deletion of one amino acid causes FAD. not about inheritance
26. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin molecules produced by
some people have one specific amino acid that is different from the amino acid at that position in normal
hemoglobin. Which is the most likely cause? (different = change = mutation)
a.
b.
c.
d.
the hemoglobin gene contains a mutation
an error occurs during the folding of the hemoglobin protein
enzymes replace the amino acid once the hemoglobin is produced
an error occurred during the M phase of the cell cycle
27. In cocker spaniels the allele for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a brown coat color (b).
If a brown (bb) cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black (Bb) cocker spaniel, which of the
following genotypic ratios can be expected? (where is your Punnett square?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb
1 BB: 2 Bb: 1bb
2 BB: 0 Bb: 2 bb
2BB: 1 Bb: 0 bb
Bb
bb
Bb
bb
28. Tomato plants usually have hairy stems. Hairless stems are present in tomato plants that are homozygous
recessive (hh) for this trait. If the stem characteristics are determined by a single gene, what is the
expected outcome of crossing two tomato plants that are heterozygous (Hh) for hairy stems?
a.
b.
c.
d.
100% hairy stems
75% hairy stems: 25% hairless stems
100% hairless stems
50% hairy stems: 50% hairless stems
HH
Hh
Hh
hh
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
29. In the 1860s Gregor Mendel performed numerous dihybrid crosses between pea plants. Dihybrid crosses
involve the study of the inheritance patterns related to two different traits. In guinea pigs the allele for
black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown fur (b), and the allele for short fur (F) is dominant over
the allele for long fur (f). What percentage of the offspring from a BbFf x bbff cross would be expected to
be heterozygous for both traits? (do a Punnett square for fur color, and another one for fur length, then
multiply the two fractions to get your answer)
Bb
a. 0%
b. 25%
Bb
bb
bb
Ff
Ff
2/4 * 2/4 = 4/16
= ¼ = 25%
ff
ff
c. 50%
d. 100%
30. The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the
limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry.
These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they— (how are they alike?)
a. have the same basic structure
b. perform the same function
c. are the same size
d. are parts of mammals
31. The chart below compares the base sequences of homologous segments of DNA from various primates.
Based on this data, which primate is the least closely related to humans? (has the LEAST in common)
a. Gorilla
b. Chimpanzee
c. Baboon
d. Lemur
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
32. Zoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of specific groups of animals. These regions are
determined by the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The map shows the zoogeographic
regions proposed by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876.
The similarities of organisms in which two areas numbered above provide the best evidence for common
ancestry between the organisms in both locations?
a. 1 and 2 everything else is separated by a
barrier
b. 3 and 4
c. 5 and 6
d. 7 and 8
TIME (older  newer)
33. The diagram above shows a model of species divergence among some primates. If this model is correct,
the greatest genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species? (which are
LEAST closely related?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons
Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta
Hylobates Iar and Pongo pygmaeus
Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
34. Which of the following statements best explains differences between the finches shown below?
a. Some finches were born with beaks that allowed
them to have better access to different sources
of food. These finches reproduced and passed
on their genes.
b. The beaks of the finches changed so all of the
finches could eat the same types of food.
c. The beaks of the finches changed as the species
of finches migrated to the same island.
d. The beaks of the finches changed as the finches'
body sizes changed.
35. Scientists estimate that there are more than 20,000 species of ants. The species range in size from 1 mm
long to 38 mm long and live in most environments. The diets of ants range from flowers and seeds to fluids
from their own larvae. Ants have been able to successfully inhabit so many different environments
because their populations have been able to —
a.
b.
c.
d.
hybridize with other species of insects
adapt to a variety of habitats and food sources
fill niches usually occupied by mammals
occupy habitats that have no other life-forms
36. A harmless scarlet king snake and a venomous eastern coral snake have similar band patterns, as shown
below. For the scarlet king snake, the adaptation of having a banding pattern like the eastern coral snake’s
is known as mimicry.
The outcome of this adaptation in the scarlet king snake is to – (why would a harmless snake want to look
like a poisonous one?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
make it easier for the scarlet king snake to attract prey
make it easier for the scarlet king snake to interbreed with the other snake
allow the scarlet king snake to blend in with its environment
protect the scarlet king snake from predators
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
37. In Madagascar scientists have discovered a moth, Xanthopan morganii praedicta, that has a 30.5 cm
proboscis and feeds from and pollinates Darwin’s orchid, Angraecum sesquipedale. The orchid has a
nectar-producing tube that is 27.9 cm long.
How is the moth’s proboscis size an adaptation for its
environment? (why is that long beak helpful?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The moth can avoid larger animals.
The moth can pollinate other flowers.
The moth has little competition for food.
The moth has time to feed during the day.
38. Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs, centipedes, and millipedes are examples of
the many types of arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related? (DKPCOFGS…)
a. Arthropods of the same family
b. Arthropods of the same class
c. Arthropods of the same genus
d. Arthropods of the same species
39. Based on the picture at right, to which genus would a
coyote most likely belong? (coyote = like a wolf)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Felis
Panthera
Canis
Ursus
40. Using a light microscope, a student identified
the following characteristics of four organisms
found in a sample of pond water.
Based on the observations of the student, which
organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic
group for bacteria?
a. Organisms 1 and 2
b. Organisms 3 and 4
c. Organisms 1 and 4
d. Organisms 2 and 3
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
41. According to the key above, the fruit comes from which species of tree?
a. Fraxinus Americana
b. Fraxinus nigra
c. Acer platanoides
d. Acer negundo
42. Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?
a. Lipid CHO
b. Protein CHON
c. Nucleic acid CHONP
d. Carbohydrate CHO
43. Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide
cells with more —
a. nitrogen not in carbs or lipids
b. structure
c. protein not in carbs or lipids!
d. energy
44. Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which
statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?
(polysaccharides = carbohydrates…so what’s the difference between carbs & proteins?)
a. Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and
thymine. this is DNA/nucleic acids
b. Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
c. Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes. this is proteins
d. Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits. lots of things can be!
45. The function of the nucleic acids contained in the body cells of an organism is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
forming a variety of gametes that will pass on hereditary information gametes = sex cells
disrupting meiosis and the synthesis of amino acids into a sequence
producing the inorganic molecules needed for normal cell growth. inorganic = NOT living
directing the synthesis of proteins necessary for proper cell function.
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
46. What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while also
removing carbon dioxide waste products? (breathing + transport)
a. nervous and endocrine
b. muscular and skeletal
c. respiratory and circulatory
d. excretory and integumentary
47. Health care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and non-pathogenic
microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens? (pathogens =
immune)
a. muscular and vascular
b. digestive and excretory
c. circulatory and immune
d. endocrine and reproductive
48. Toxoplasmosis is an infection producing brain lesions caused by
the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Mice with their
gonads removed are more resistant to T. gondii and develop
very few lesions on their brain tissue. The graph shows the
results of a scientific study of normal adult mice infected with T.
gondii. Which systems mostly likely interact and cause the
severity of infections to vary? (infections = immune system)
a. muscular and skeletal
b. immune and endocrine
c. excretory and respiratory
d. nervous and integumentary
49. Most plant leaves take in more carbon dioxide as light increases. They give off carbon dioxide if the light is
too dim. The graph below shows a plant’s carbon dioxide levels at different light intensities.
At point X, the plant is taking in and giving off
equal amounts of carbon dioxide. This means that
the rate of which process is equal to the rate of
photosynthesis? (photosynthesis takes in carbon
dioxide…what process gives it out?)
a.
b.
c.
d.
cellular respiration
transpiration
growth
reproduction
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
50. A juniper bush produces female seed cones that look like blueberries. The seeds in the berries need
nutrients to survive. What two systems are interacting in the juniper bush cones? (seeds = reproductive;
nutrients = xylem & phloem = transport)
a. immune and vascular
b. nervous and vascular
c. immune and reproductive
d. vascular and reproductive
51. A natural fire burns a live oak forest in central Florida to bare ground. Over the next 150 years, if the
climate and landscape of the area remain the same, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The area will become a wetland.
The area will remain bare ground. there will be SOME change in 150 years!
The area will become a rainforest.
The area will become a younger live oak forest. younger = newer
52. Surtsey is an island located south of Iceland. The island was formed by a volcanic eruption and first
appeared in 1963. The table below contains descriptions of changes in the population and diversity of
species on Surtsey.
Which of these lists the descriptions in the correct order of ecological succession on Surtsey? (what does it
look like right after the volcanic eruption?)
a. I, II, IV, III
b. III, I, II, IV
c. IV, III, I II
d. II, IV, I, III
53. The information shown in the graph below suggests that the changes in the forest community were caused
by—
a. tree-leaf replacement after a storm
b. succession after a fire
c. repeated habitat destruction the graph
would be spiky (up/down/up/down)
d. decreased species diversity the graph
would only go down
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
54. A hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a flowering plant. In this process the bird gains nutrition () while
spreading the plant's pollen to other flowers (). The relationship between hummingbirds and flowering
plants can be described as –
a. commensal
b. predatory
c. parasitic
d. mutualistic
55. A spider building a web () on a tree (neutral) is an example of what type of symbiotic relationship:
a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. parasitism
d. predation
56. In the process of ecological succession a large tree grows in close proximity to a smaller tree. The larger
tree shades the smaller tree and prevents it from performing photosynthesis (). Eventually, the smaller
tree dies. This is an example of (the same species fighting over a resource = what?)
a. commensalism
b. competition
c. parasitism
d. predation
57. A tapeworm eats () partially digested food in the digestive system of the host and deprives it of nutrients
(). What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a. commensalism
b. competition
c. parasitism
d. predation
58. Which of the following are missing from the food web shown above?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Producers phytoplankton
Decomposers
Omnivores baleen whales & herring
Predators everything except the plankton
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
59. The Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) lives in the Edwards Aquifer region around San Marcos.
Along with other species the salamander lives in total darkness in the underground crevices and caves of
the aquifer region. The table lists some of the organisms that live in this environment and their food
sources.
In an energy pyramid for these aquifer cave dwellers, which of the following would be placed at the
bottom? (producers go on the bottom of an energy pyramid – they don’t have a food source!!)
a. Snails
b. Blind shrimp
c. Protozoa
d. Texas blind salamanders
60. A marine ecosystem is represented. What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this
ecosystem? (remember the 10% rule!)
a. Nutrients from the soil
b. Living space for the organisms
c. Food sources
d. Heat
Name:
Period:
Boot Camp Review Questions
61. Amphibians are dying in large numbers after being infected by an aquatic fungus called Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis. The origin of this fungus is unknown, but scientists suspect that humans are helping spread
it. More than 350 amphibian species have been affected, and at least 200 species of frogs have suffered
serious reductions in population or become extinct. The map below shows the worldwide distribution of B.
dendrobatidis.
What will be the most likely impact of the decline in frog populations resulting from the fungal infection?
a. New species of frogs that feed on both the fungus and the infected species of frogs will evolve.
b. Plants will no longer grow in the waters of the affected ecosystems, and fish species will
increase.
c. The fungus will move on land and destroy reptile and mammal populations in tropical
ecosystems.
d. Populations of algae and mosquitoes will increase, leading to fish die-offs and potential
increases in human malaria cases. frog food will increase because it’s not being eaten
62. Millions of acres of tropical rain forest are being destroyed each year. Which change would most likely
occur over time if the burning and clearing of these forests were stopped? (clearing means less oxygen)
a.
b.
c.
d.
An increase in the amount of oxygen released into the atmosphere
An increase in the amount of atmospheric pollution produced
A decrease in the source of new medicines
A decrease in the number of species
63. The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that
contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following? (fishing removes fish; fish eat
algae)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Allows more sunlight to be available to algae
Inhibits the spread of pathogens in algae colonies
Reduces the number of organisms that feed on algae
Increases the competition between different algae species