2011 Ground Water
Protection Council
Annual Forum
Atlanta, GA
September 24-28
The U. S. DOE Sequestration R&D Program:
Developing MVAA for Groundwater Protection
John Litynski, PE
Carbon Sequestration Technology Manager
National Energy Technology Laboratory
DOE/NETL Sequestration Program Promotes
Groundwater Protection
• Overall Program goal: advance safe, cost effective,
permanent geologic storage of CO2
• Drivers: Class VI UIC and CAA MRR regulations
• Groundwater protection addressed in Program supporting
activities
– Core R&D Projects
– Infrastructure Development
– International R&D Collaboration
at Field Projects
2
U.S.
U.S. DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
OF ENERGY
ENERGY •• OFFICE
OFFICE OF
OF FOSSIL
FOSSIL ENERGY
ENERGY
NATIONAL
NATIONAL ENERGY
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
LABORATORY
CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
PROGRAM
ARRA
Projects
CARBON
STORAGE PROGRAM
withwith
ARRA
Projects
Core R&D
2012 Structure
Pre-combustion
Capture
Technology
Solutions
Regional Carbon Sequestration
Partnerships
Geologic Storage
Characterization
Monitoring, Verification,
and Accounting (MVA)
Technology
Solutions
Development
ARRA: Development of
Technology Transfer Centers
CO2 Utilization
Lessons
Learned
ARRA: Site Characterization
Other Small and Large-Scale Projects
Benefits
Benefits
• Reduced cost of CCS
• Tool development for risk
assessment and mitigation
• Accuracy/monitoring quantified
• CO2 capacity validation
• Indirect CO2 storage
•
•
•
•
•
•
Human capital
Stakeholder networking
Regulatory policy development
Visualization knowledge center
Best practices development
Public outreach and education
North America Energy
Working Group
Carbon Sequestration
Leadership Forum
Validation
Simulation and
Risk Assessment
ARRA: University Projects
Global
Collaborations
Infrastructure
Lessons
Learned
International
Demonstration Projects
Canada (Weyburn, Zama, Ft.
Nelson)
Norway (Sleipner and Snovhit)
Germany (CO2Sink),
Australia (Otway)
Africa (In-Salah)
Asia (Ordos Basin)
Benefits
• Knowledge building
• Project development
• Collaborative international
knowledge
• Capacity/model validation
• CCS commercial deployment
Demonstration and Commercialization Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
3
Groundwater Protection Cross-cuts Core Research
Activities
Capture
Geologic Carbon
Storage
Geologic Carbon
Pre-combustion
(Pre-Combustion)
Capture
Fundamental
 ImprovedStorage
 Wellbore
Technology
Understanding
 Technology
 Fluid
flow, Development
pressure,
and brine management
 Mitigation Technology
 Geochemical impacts
 Geomechanical impacts
Membrane Processes
Membrane

 Solvent-Based Processes

Sorbent-Based Processes
Solvent-Based
 Improved Water Gas Shift
 Sorbent-Based
Reactor
MVA

CO2 Utilization
 Conversion
CO CO2
 Conversion ofof
Storage
 Non-Geologic CO CO
 Non-Geologic
2
 Indirect Storage
Storage
 Beneficial Use of Produced
 Indirect
Water Storage
Breakthrough
Concepts

 Beneficial Use
of
Produced Water
 Breakthrough
Concepts
2
2
Atmospheric and
Remote Sensing
 Near-Surface Monitoring
 Subsurface Monitoring
 Intelligent systems
Simulation and
Risk Assessment
 Thermal and Hydrologic
 Geochemical
 Geomechanical
Risk Assessment
 Biologic
 Risk assessment and
quantification
Focus Area
Key:

4

Monitoring, Verification, Accounting, and Assessment
Research Pathways
•
•
•
•
Atmospheric and Remote Sensing Technologies
Near surface monitoring of soils and vadose zone
Subsurface monitoring in and near injection zone
Intelligent monitoring systems for field
management
Summary of Focus Area
• 13 cooperative agreements awarded – FY09
• 9 Tasks with 6 National Labs
• Targeting 99% permanence and +/-30% capacity
Research Partners –
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PTRC, University of San Diego Scripps, University of Wyoming, Columbia
University, West Virginia University, University of Miami, University of Texas at Austin, Fusion Petroleum
Technologies, Planetary Emissions Management, Schlumberger Carbon Services, Montana State University,
Stanford University, ORNL, LANL, PNNL, LBNL, LLNL, BNL
5
Groundwater/ CO2 Interactions Need to be Understood
Z
Y
– Manganese, iron, and
calcium (along with pH)
identified as potential
geochemical markers of a
CO2 leak
X
0
50
100
X200
-5
250
Z
150
300
350
400
50
Y
10-7
3D y=0 z=0
3D y=0 z=-5
3D y=0 z=-10
2D y=0
8x10-8
MCL
6x10-8
4x10-8
2x10-8
0
0x10
0
100
200
300
400
500
Distance (m)
Profiles of lead concentration at y=0 for different z
6
TIC
0.22
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.03
0.02
Total dissolved C after 100 years, 19t/yr intrusion
Total aqueous Pb concentration (mol/L)
• Research partners: Duke
University, LBNL, DOE ORD
• Model rock-water
interactions if CO2 added to
typical fresh water aquifers
• Identify geochemical
signatures in water which
can be used as detection
criteria
Core R&D Efforts Increase the Portfolio of MVA
Techniques for Groundwater Protection
• Wellbore leakage
• Seismic technology
– New acquisition technology
– New processing and analysis
approaches
– Integration of different types
of data
• Non-seismic techniques
– Pressure, temperature
– Gravity
– Fluid sampling, tracers
– Satellite-based
measurements
• Intelligent monitoring systems
7
New Method Will Reduce Risk of Wellbore Leakage
• Schlumberger Carbon Services is developing a new method to
relate the risk of leakage of existing wells
• Average flow parameters (porosity and permeability or mobility)
will be derived from data collected by non-destructive cement
mapping tools
8
Multiple Projects Focus on Improving Seismic Methods
• Interpretation, analysis,
modeling
– University of Wyoming: 3-D
multicomponent waveform
inversion
– Univ of Houston: 3-D elastic
wavefield simulation
– Fusion Petroleum: Integrated
reservoir modeling and seismic
analysis
– Virginia Polytechnic: doubledifference seismic tomography
– UT Austin: Multicomponent seismic
and rock physics modeling
– Los Alamos National Lab:
advanced seismic imaging
Modeled long-offset converted-wave
reflection amplitudes (Univ. Wyoming)
9
Improving Seismic Methods (Cont’d)
• Hardware
– Paulsson Geophysical: design
of 1000 level 3 component fiber
optic seismic receiver string
– UT Austin: Use of cable-less
seismic acquisition systems;
shear wave focus
• Rock Physics
– Stanford: CO2 optimized rockfluid models
– Lawrence Berkeley Lab and
NETL: effects of CO2 saturation
• Integration of seismic with
other geophysical data
– Ohio State: graphical user
interface for 3-D models of
electromagnetic and seismic
data
10
Laboratory seismic velocities and X-ray
CT images (Stanford)
Other Measurements Complement Seismic Data
• Gravity
– UC San Diego: High precision
subsea gravity surveys
• Ground surface displacement
– Lawrence Livermore and
Lawrence Berkeley Labs:
Modeling and analysis of InSAR
measurements
Remotely operated vehicle with deep
water gravimeter (UC San Diego)
• Temperature, pressure
– Lawrence Berkeley Labs:
Distributed Thermal Perturbation
Sensor (DTPS) measurements
for tracking CO2
– UT Austin: Above zone pressure
monitoring for leak detection
Thermal history of a monitorinig well at SECARB
Cranfield site
11
Non-seismic Monitoring (cont’d)
• Fluid sampling; tracers
– Lawrence Berkeley Labs:
Tracking the CO2 plume using
fluid sampling
– Oak Ridge National Lab:
isotopic and perfluorocarbon
tracers
Fluid sampling at Otway, Australia
field test
• Electrical
– Lawrence Livermore
National Lab:
Electrical Resistance
Tomography (ERT)
Preliminary ERT results from SECARB Cranfield site
12
Developing Intelligent Monitoring Systems for CCS
MVA
• Intelligent monitoring systems integrate digital information
technology with monitoring techniques to provide continuous
data and control of reservoir operations and processes.
• West Virginia University
Research Corporation
is developing a system
which incorporates
Artificial Intelligence and
Data Mining (AI&DM)
pattern recognition
technology
– System to be applied
to detect leaks by
recognizing changes
in pressure patterns
13
International Collaborations Enable MVA Validation
14
Small-Scale Geologic
Field Tests
RCSP
Saline formations
(3,000 to 60,000 tons)
Depleted oil fields
(50 to 500,000 tons)
Coal Seams
(200 – 18,000 tons)
Basalt formation
(1,000 tons)
10
Formation
Type
Saline
MGSC
Oil-bearing
2
3
4
PCOR
BSCSP
9
MGSC
5
WESTCARB
20
17
21
SWP
7
2 3
6
4
8
16
19
13
MRCSP
MRCSP
Saline
7
8
9
PCOR
Oil-bearing
10
12
SECARB
Oil-bearing
13
Saline
14
14
Coal seam
15
SWP
Over 1.35 M Tons injected
Project moved to Phase III
(Injection Summer 2011)
16
Oil-bearing
17
2011 Injection
Completed 18 Injections
11
Coal seam
Injection/Test Complete
Illinois Basin
6
15
SECARB
Columbia Basin
Saline 5
Coal seam
12
11
1
15
1
Big Sky
Geologic
Province
18
Coal seam
19
WESTCARB
Saline
20
Cincinnati Arch,
Michigan Basin,
Appalachian
Basin
Keg River,
Duperow,
Williston Basin
Gulf Coast,
Mississippi Salt
Basin, Central
Appalachian,
Black Warrior
Basin
Paradox Basin,
Aneth Field,
Permian Basin,
San Juan Basin
Colorado
Plateau
RCSP Phase III: Development Phase
Large-Scale Geologic Tests
Core Sampling
Taken
Reservoir modeling
initiated
5
Characterization Well
Initiated
Injection to begin
Sept/Oct 2011
1
4
3
Partnership
2
8
9
1
6
7
2
3
Injection Started
April 2009
Injection to begin
December 2011
Injection Ongoing
2011 Injection Scheduled
4
5
6
Injection Scheduled 2012-2015
Note: Some locations presented on map may
differ from final injection location
7
8
9
16
 Injection Targets -minimum planned volumes
 One injection commenced April 2009
 Remaining injections scheduled 2011-2015
Geologic Province
Storage Type
Sweetgrass ArchBig Sky
Saline
Duperow Formation
Illinois BasinMGSC
Saline
Mt. Simon Sandstone
Michigan BasinMRCSP
Saline/Oil
St Peter SS or Niagaran Reef
Powder River BasinOil Bearing
Muddy Formation
PCOR
Alberta BasinSaline
Sulphur Point Formation
Interior Salt BasinOil/Saline
Tuscaloosa Formation
SECARB
Interior Salt BasinSaline
Paluxy Formation
Wasatch PlateauSWP
Saline
Navajo Sandstone
WESTCARB Regional Characterization
TBD
Groundwater Protection is a Focus of
Regional Partnership Field Tests
• Permitting
• Risk assessment
• Simulation
• Well construction
• Injection operations
• Monitoring
• Closure
17
Multiple MVA Methods Employed at MGSC Decatur Test
Pressure, temperature
measurements;
geophones; fluid sampling
in deep subsurface
Shallow groundwater wells, electrical
resistivity, soil flux, and air sampling at surface
4-D seismic, micro seismic, and VSP for plume tracking
18
Data network links subsurface and
operational sensors
Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting of CO2
Stored in Deep Geologic Formations
•
Based on DOE Supported and
leveraged monitoring activities
–
–
–
–
•
•
Regulatory requirements and
associated monitoring needs
35 Technologies divided into:
–
–
–
•
19
RCSP Program
Core R&D
International Projects
Industrial applications
Primary
Secondary
Additional
To be Updated 2012
Systems Analysis Approach
• Evaluating all MVAA tools readiness levels
• Putting them in boxes according to application and
phase of a storage project
• Assessing SOTA costs
• Assessing incremental improvements in cost and
performance
• Mapping these to program goals
– 99% permanence
– +/- 30 % capacity
• Assess benefit of R&D using NEMS
20
Summary
• Existing tools can do the job
• Advances in MVAA tools
–
–
–
–
Reduce uncertainty
Reduce scope of monitoring
Leverage SOTA
Reduce project costs
• Intelligent network can improve performance
– Increase efficiency
– Reduce environmental footprint
• System analysis approach needed to measure
benefits
21
Questions ?
22