THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Building Social Protection and Labor
Systems In Africa
for
Steen Jorgensen
Director, World Bank, Social Protection and Jobs
April 26, 2017
Algiers
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
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World Bank Global Social Protection and
Labor Strategy 2012-2022
focuses on developing Social Protection Systems: portfolios of coherent programs that
can communicate with each other, often share administrative sub-systems, and work
together to deliver resilience, equity and opportunity objectives
Equity: Social
pensions
Resilience: Oldage pensions,
disability
insurance
Pregnancy,
Early
childhood
Old age
Opportunity:
Employment
services,
entrepreneurship,
training and skills
Equity: Cash and inkind transfers,
public works
programs
Resilience:
Unemployment,
disability insurance
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Opportunity:
Nutrition/ECD, CCTs for
pre-school, health
Equity: OVC programs,
child allowances
Working
age
School age
Youth
Example: SPL programs across the life cycle
Opportunity: CCTs
for (girls’)
education
Equity: Child
allowances,
school feeding
Opportunity:
Youth
employment
programs, skills
training
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Social Protection & Labor Lending
at the Bank (2012-2016)
 SPL lending reached an all time high about 6.2 billion in 2016
 Lending has typically been dominated by IBRD, but in 2012 this trend changed with
IDA lending exceeding IBRD lending.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Focusing Resources on Low Income and Fragile Countries
For the first time the World Bank’s social protection lending is higher
in IDA than in IBRD countries; IDA is now 50% of total portfolio
Figure: The size of the World Bank’s social protection lending by country status, 2017, US$ billion
Figure: The size of the World Bank’s social protection portfolio – commitment from IDA
as a financing source, FY13-FY16, US$ billion
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2.5
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
0.8
0.5
0
FY14
FY15
Notes: IDA – International Development Association; IBRD – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
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FY16
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Social Protection and Labor Strategy in Africa
Strengthen social protection systems to reduce vulnerability
and build resilience by supporting poor citizens to:
Manage risk
and respond
to shocks.
Gain access to basic
services
Engage in
productive
income-earning
opportunities
Employing
Range
Instruments
Employing A
a range
of of
SPSP
Instruments:
Safety Nets
Pensions
Insurance
Jobs and
informality
Targeted service
delivery
Requires multi-sectoral, multi-agency collaboration to deliver results.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Social Protection Portfolio in Africa
2016
1. 42 projects in portfolio,
of which 17 East and 25
West.
2. Added a record 18
projects in FY16, 8 in the
East and 10 in the West.
3. Africa SPL’s new lending
amounts to 62% of total
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SPL lending and 23% of
the Africa Region.
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
1. Expanding Coverage and Quality of Social Safety Nets:
2000
9
countries,
25
programs
*
2012
41 countries,
245 programs
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* Garcia & Moore, the cash dividend: the rise of cash transfer
programs in SSA (2012). World Bank. Note: Map shows data subSaharan Africa
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
1. Expanding Coverage and Quality of Social Safety Nets:
Over 40 million people
Supported by current World Bank programs in more than 30 countries in Africa
Gender: 20.5 million female beneficiaries with 97 projects in review.
Expanding Coverage:
- Tanzania: the conditional cash transfer program has moved from 20,000 households
to 1.1 million households and has completed its 15th consecutive bimonthly payment
cycle. Planed over 6 million by 2020.
- Egypt: A 400m$ support for two programs (Takaful and Karama) to develop and
establish new cash transfer programs. 200m support for Labor Intensive Public Works
program in partnership with EU to provide cash for work to unskilled or semi-skilled
workers in poorer areas.
- Ethiopia: the Urban Productive Social Safety Net will adapt the model of flagship
PSNP program (rural) to urban settings, expanding coverage to 10 million chronic
and transitory food insecure people, with a focus on building pathways into wage
and self-employment.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
2. Access to Infrastructure and Social Services
 Spending
on
social
infrastructure
in
poor
countries is often below
benchmarks; and remote rural
communities often fare worse
than urban centers.
 Access to basic infrastructure
such as water, electricity,
roads, health centers and
schools
are
critical
to
improving
human
development outcomes.
 When
local
communities
prioritize
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needs and assist with
building, ownership of the
assets is greater.
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
2. Access to Infrastructure and Social Services:
Nigeria: Increasing access by the poor to improved social and natural resource
infrastructure services by using a CDD approach: (i) the empowerment of
communities to develop, implement, and monitor public and common pool
goods; and (ii) strengthening the skills and capacity of Local Government
Authorities to support communities and build partnerships between them.
Benin: Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's
middle-income countries could boost annual growth by about 3.2 percentage
points. Benin has made significant progress in some areas of its infrastructure,
including roads, air transport, water, and telecommunications.
DRC: The project supports investments in infrastructure combined with
strengthening of the legal and regulatory framework and capacity building
(technical, organizational, financial) of the principal actors at all levels (central,
provincial, and city) charged with planning and delivering basic services.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
3. Youth Employment




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Labor is the best form of social
protection, and jobs are a client priority.
The World Bank’s Jobs and Youth
Employment portfolio grew to $1.8
billlion for project costs in FY2016.
Africa SPL is engaged in extensive
analytical work and is operationalizing
this knowledge with multi-sectoral
programs for jobs, skills and
productivity.
Africa SPL is focused on “Quality and
Quantity”: Moving the labor market
from underemployed and informal
sector employment to formalized jobs
and skills training—this helps reduce risk
and building resilience to shocks.
Africa SPL is committed to creating
conditions for job creation.
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Strategic Priorities
3. Youth Employment
Innovative operations combined with multi-sectoral engagement reduce risk of
radicalization.
 Benin: Better understanding the relationship between employment outcomes and
aspirations, address gender norms and other psycho-social factors, introducing 17, 500
new jobs to the economy.
 Nigeria Youth Employment and Social Support Operation: will strengthen the public
workfare scheme to provide immediate, labor-based and temporary work opportunities
for unskilled and semi-skilled unemployed youth and women for two years.
 Mali: Linking a target of 37,000 safety net beneficiaries to productive employment
opportunities.
 Kenya: Youth Employment Opportunity program boasts 78% of interns who complete
the internship and are employed by their internship employer, have found
employment with a new employment or starting a business.
 Liberia: Targeting youth-at-risk with a next generation youth employment project
focuses on re-starting businesses after Ebola epidemic shock, creating greater
economic opportunities while reducing the risk of radicalization.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
4. Promoting Human Capital Development
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
Poverty generally more widespread among
households with low educational attainment or
poor health.

Boosting human capital through education,
nutrition and other health interventions can help
to break the inter-generational cycle of poverty.

Increasingly, cash transfers, which provide for
immediate needs, are accompanied by
conditions or measures which also aim to ensure
that longer-term investments are made.

Examples include school attendance, regular
health check-ups or participation in nutrition
seminars. They tend to be focused on the
female head of household and promote
investment in children.
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
4. Promoting Human Capital Development
REDUCING INTERGENERATIONAL POVERTY
 Cash transfer programs conditioned on education for children and mothers alike:
school enrollment for children and women’s attendance to financial and nutrition
management programming.
 Building up Mother Leaders with curriculum based on self-confidence, financial
management, nutrition and empowerment.
 Continue to foster the SPL skills and jobs agenda and build opportunities for
behavioral changes in parenting, investments in children and overall, community
enhancement and access to family planning.
 Transformative changes through “behavioral nudges and productive spaces” where
individual households reflect on their productive assets to drive development and
attend home and community-based classes aimed at improving parental
responsiveness and caregiver practices related to nutrition or psycho-social stimulation.
 Linking cash transfers to the attendance of mothers to nutritional programming in
Madagascar, providing more than 80,000 households with regular cash transfers
linked to early childhood development, nutrition and school attendance of young
children as well as to enhancing the productive capacity of these ultra-poor.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
5. Strengthening Resilience

Individual shocks:
Supporting households’
resilience
 Covariate shocks:
Strengthening community
resilience, rapid response
 Climate shocks: Supporting
prevention through
resilience - building projects.
 SSN systems have to be
flexible to respond to all
types of shocks, regardless
of the source
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
5. Strengthening Resilience
 Social Protection systems have to be flexible to respond to
both chronic poverty and ad hoc shocks
 We help countries build systems that can respond to
idiosyncratic and co-variate shocks, whether man-made or
natural
 Communities’ resilience is built first from economic growth
and shared prosperity
 Sound management of natural resources e.g. irrigation
infrastructure, watershed management and agricultural
techniques can build resilience against some shocks
 Investing in putting reliable systems in place before the
emergency is critical.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
5. Strengthening Resilience
Building Capacity to Individual Shocks
 Dynamic Safety Net systems that can respond to an individual or household’s
needs.
 Many informal systems pool risk within a community, e.g. savings groups, statefunded systems, social health insurance, community-based health insurance and
voluntary health insurance.
 Responding to Covariate Shocks – such as epidemics or conflict displacement
 Mobilized US$1.62 billion in financing for Ebola response and recovery efforts to
support the countries hardest hit by Ebola: US$260 million for Guinea; US$385
million for Liberia and US$318 million for Sierra Leone; these funds pay for
essential supplies and medicine and support foreign health workers but also
provides budget support to help governments scale up social safety net programs.
 Great Lakes Region: The team enhanced resilience for displaced and border
communities through supporting basic service provision and productive
opportunities for the 3.3 million people who remain forcibly displaced
through a $133 million grant, including an additional financing of $50k last year.
 Nigeria: The team scaled up two projects to support the joint World Bank, EU, and
UN North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment, a comprehensive
analysis of damages and estimated needs resulting from the Boko Haram crisis.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
6. Systems Building
Building systems are integral for institutional
sustainability
Enables like programs to expand and develop further,
impacting more people in its coherence of objectives.
Build administrative efficiencies through harmonized
registries of beneficiaries, common payments
mechanisms, targeting systems.
Improve targeting to ensure scarce resources go to those
most in need.
Build systems with capacity to scale up and expand.
Systematic Approaches with SMART characteristics:
Synchronized across programs
Monitored, evaluated and adapted
Affordable
Responsive to crises and shocks
Transparent and accountable
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where Are We Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
6. Systems
Building
Targeting
Benin: has created a detailed geospatial mapping system that documents beneficiaries’ information,
from
their
access to water to their level of beneficiary status.
Sierra Leone: Geospatial Poverty Mapping has been replicated in Tanzania and Afghanistan.
 Registry
Sierra Leone: a consolidated registry of beneficiaries with a unique ID number and a
comprehensive MIS providing integration of project data for the implementing agency.
 MIS
Mali: Jigismejiri project, with a budget of $15.5 million a year, accesses between 41 and 62
thousand beneficiary households.
 Payment Systems
Kenya: 93 percent of Kenyans are mobile phone users and 73 percent are mobile money customers;
new
potential for mobile money has come with the rise of interest-earning bank-integrated mobile savings
systems,
beginning with the launch of the M-KESHO system
Niger: Well-supervised mobile money can be safer than alternatives, offering speed and liquidity
through electronic e-payment cards; direct Project Beneficiaries moved from 556261 in December 2015 to
881107 in June 2016.
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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Where We Are Now: Africa SPL Key Engagement Areas
6. Systems Building: ID4D
ID4D aims to bring global knowledge and expertise to governments and
authorities across multiple countries and sectors, with the goal of
“providing legal identity for all, including birth registration, by 2030”.
 Identification is core to development because it is a key enabler for:
Financial Inclusion: Accessible, secure, and verifiable ID systems can help
expand the use of financial services by approximately 375 million unbanked adults
in developing countries.
Gender Equality: Women who are equipped with proof of legal identity can
better assert their rights and have greater say in household decisions.
Access to Health Services: Identifying beneficiaries of health services allows
countries to target and monitor health interventions.
Social Safety Net: Precise targeting and robust identification of beneficiaries
can help bring social assistance programs to over 875 million people living in
extreme poverty.
Improved Governance: Many country governments link civil servant databases
to national identification registers to verify who is still on the rolls, check
absenteeism and overall increase the accountability of government institutions
and curb fraud and corruption in these places.
 Morocco: $100 million project to finance the development of a biometrically
ID based national population registry & social registry.

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THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Paving the Way Forward
Impact
Evaluations
Exemplary in Innovation,
Foundational for
Progress
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Selected Recent Impact Evaluations of SSN Africa
 Tanzania: Significant impacts are observed
across a broad array of areas, including health,
education and various risk-reducing behaviors
showing that while 69 percent of children age
0–18 had attended school at some point at
baseline, treatment made them 4 percentage
points more likely to have done so by endline.
 Cote D’Ivoire: Impact Evaluations show total
monthly earnings increase from 60,000 FCFA
to 81,000 FCFA (+21,000FCFA) and earnings
gains contribute to higher expenditures
(~+15,000/month)
and higher savings
(~+6,000/month).
 Ethiopia: Productive Safety Net Project
information collection through Government
Systems verifies the proper implementations
of processes and identifies areas where
performance does not match expectation;
impact evaluations showed each Birr
distributed generated an extra 1.52 birr via
local market linkages.
THE WORLD BANK’S SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012-2022
Paving the Way Forward
Partnerships: Examples to Build-on and Expand
Ethiopia PSNP: Enhancing Food Security
• The PSNP supports the creation of 35,000 public works sub-projects per year
and the PSNP and OFSP/HABP have contributed significantly to food security, with
community members’ average months of food security rising from 8.4 months per
year in 2006 to 10.1 in 2012.
• PSNP public works have led to the construction of over 39,000 kilometers of road,
achieved through the grant of 10 international donors, the implementation from the
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Food Security Directorate, Ministry of
Finance and Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and UN
Agencies.
Liberia: PSMP
• With the partnership of USAID, this project supports pillar four of Liberia’s Agenda
for Transformation, which seeks to raise the bar for performance standards and to
build a robust system for managing performance and improving integrity in the
public service
ASPP: Responsive and Innovative Disaster Risk Management
• DFID-funded Multi-Donor Trust Fund will support the documentation of social
protection knowledge in the Sahel out of a range of programs and activities such as
this one—including evidence of what works and what doesn’t in individual
countries—and will contribute to a growing body of analytical work and rigorous
evaluation of social protection in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• While drawing on country experiences in Africa, Latin America, and other developing
regions, the trust fund will also encourage specific innovations suited to the Sahel
focused on building resilience to climate change and disaster risk management.
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Thank you!
www.worldbank.org/sp
World Bank Group
Social Protection and Labor Global Practice
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
USA