Výukový materiál MB 04 - 91
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
STRUCTURE OF THE EUCARIOTIC CELL
2014
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
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DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
EUCARYOTIC CELL
eukaryotic organisms:
 plants
 animals
 fungi
 they are both monocellular and multicellular
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EUCARYOTIC CELL
larger and more complex than prokaryotic
 evolutionarily much younger than the
prokaryotic cell
 differentiated nucleus
 nuclear chromosomes
 a big amount of membrane organelles
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CELL WALL
it determines the form of cells
 an important role by the cell division and
differentiation
 cell wall of fungi – of chitin
 cell wall of plants – of cellulose
 in the walls of plant cells there are
plasmodesmata = communication channels
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MEMBRANE ORGANELLES
specialized for various functions
 nucleus
 endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi system
 lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles
 mitochondria and plastids
 every time closed utricles
 flat utricles = tanks
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MEMBRANE ORGANELLES
nucleus
 the largest and the most marked formation
 double membrane
 nuclear membrane contains nuclear pores
=> substance exchange (metabolism)
 the main content of the nucleus are
chromosomes
 control centre of the cell
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NUCLEOLUS
nucleolus
 inside the nucleus
 a membrane organelle
 one or more round nucleoli
 ribosomal RNA + proteins are produced here
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RIBOSOMES
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non-membrane organelle
loosely in the cytoplasm
or can be bound to the membranes of the
endoplasmic reticulum
30 nm
the ribosome consists of:
two subunits
rRNA + proteins
function:
synthesis of proteins by the process called translation
PLASMA MEMBRANE
7 nm
 it does not contain the elements of the
respiratory chain
 proteins do not participate in the active
transfer of ions and nutrients through the
membrane > ATP
 electric potential - 0,1 V
 phagocytosis – absorption of particles from
outside
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MOLEKULE OF A PHOSPHOLIPID
AND STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMIC MEMBRANE
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SOURCES
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KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6.
CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství
Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0.
ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15-3.
ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s.
ISBN 80-718-3268-5.
JELÍNEK, Jan, Vladimír ZICHÁČEK a Miroslav ŠVÁTORA. Biologie pro gymnázia:
teoretická a praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc,
1998, 551 s. ISBN 80-718-2050-4