MITOGENOME FRAGMENTATION IN ANIMALS –
POSSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
Tadeusz Malewski
Department of Molecular and Biometric Techniques,
Museum and Institute of Zoology,
Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
Typical organization of mtDNA in animals
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819 (2012): 939 - 947
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Wei D-D, Shao R, Yuan M-L, Dou W, Barker SC, et al. (2012)
The Multipartite Mitochondrial Genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila: Insights into
the Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Bilateral Animals.
PLoS ONE 7(3): e33973. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033973
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Gibson T, Blok VC, Phillips MS, Hong G, Kumarasinghe D, Riley IT, Dowton M (2007)
The Mitochondrial Subgenomes of the Nematode Globodera pallida are Mosaics:
Evidence of Recombination in an Animal Mitochondrial Genome
J Mol Evol 64:463–471
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Smith DR, Kayal E, Yanagihara AA, Collins AG, Pirro S, Keeling PJ (2011)
First Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Box Jellyfish Reveals a
Highly Fragmented Linear Architecture and Insights into Telomere Evolution
Genome Biol. Evol. 4(1):52–58.
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K (2012)
Evolution of Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of Humans
Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11):1088–1101
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K (2012)
Evolution of Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of Humans
Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11):1088–1101
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
number of minicycles
Hexapoda
Liposcelis bostrychophila – 2
Damalinia sika
–3
Pediculus humanus
– 20
Nematoda
Globodera pallida
–7
Globodera rostrochiensis – 7
Rotifera
Brachionus plicatilis
–2
Medusozoa
Hydra magnipapillata
–2
Mesosoa
Dicyema misakiense
–6
Diplonemids
Diplonema papillatum
> 100
Possible molecular mechanisms responsible for
formation and maintaining of multipartite mtDNA
- replication - recombination
Kasiviswanathan R, Collins TRL, Copeland WC (2012)
The interface of transcription and DNA replication in the mitochondria
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819: 970–978
Silencing of TbPIF2 expression resulted in rapid loss of maxicircles with little effect on
minicircles
Abundance of TbPIF2 is controlled through proteolytic degradation by TbHslVU
Klingbeil MM, Shapiro TA (2009) Unraveling the Secrets of Regulating Mitochondrial
DNA Replication Molecular Cell 35: 398 - 400
RNA (?) helicase Suv3
Comparison of efficacy of RNA and DNA unwinding reaction mediated by hSuv3p as a function
of decreasing enzyme concentration.
M. Minczuk, J. Piwowarski, M.A. Papworth, K. Awiszus, S. Schalinski, A. Dziembowski, A.
Dmochowska, E. Bartnik, K. Tokatlidis, P.P. Stepien, P. Borowski (2002)
Localisation of the human hSuv3p helicase in the mitochondrial matrix and itspreferential
unwinding of dsDNA.
Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 5074–5086.
A model of the functional interplay between the activities of the yeast
mitochondrial degradosome.
Szczesny RJ, Borowski LS, Malecki M, Wojcik MA, Stepien PP, Golik P (2012)
RNA Degradation in Yeast and Human Mitochondria
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819: 1027–1034
Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of
the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination across Short
Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16404. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of
Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16404. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of
Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16404. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of
Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16404. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K (2012)
Evolution of Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of Humans
Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11):1088–1101
Stem-loop structures in multipartite mtDNA of Globodera
GGTTTTTCG
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
GGTTTTTCG
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
Scmt I
Scmt III
5389-5415
1593-1619
G. pallida
TTCTCGGTC
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
A-T
A-T
T-A
TTAATTAT
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
T-A
C-G
T-A
A-T
A-T
TATTCTTTCC
T-A
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
A-T
T-A
Scmt VI
Scmt VI
Scmt VII
1849-1874
2479-2506
283-308
G. rostrochiensis
Variations in multipartite mtDNA in populations of Globodera pallida
A
B
C
A
Scmt I
Scmt II
Scmt V
Scmt III
Scmt VI
Scmt IV
B
C
Populations
mtDNA
A
B
C
Cysts
Cysts
Cysts
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
I
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
III
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
V
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
VI
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
VII
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Thank you for attention