Muscles of the Face, Head, and Neck
Laboratory Exercise 20
Background
The skeletal muscles of the face and head include the muscles of facial expression,
which lie just beneath the skin, the muscles of mastication, which are attached to the
mandible, and the muscles that move the head, which are located in the neck.
Materials Needed
Textbook
Human skull
Articulated skeleton
Purpose of the Exercise
Review the locations, actions, origins, and
insertions of the muscles of the face, head,
and neck.
Procedure
1. Label figures 20.1, 20.2, and 20.3.
2. Try to locate the following muscles in your own body: epicranius (frontalis and
occipitalis), orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus,
platysma, masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid,
sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, longissimus
capitis.
3. Demonstrate the action of these muscles in your own body.
4. Locate the origins and insertions of these muscles in the human skull and
skeleton.
5. Complete Parts A and B.
Figure 20.1 Label the muscles of expression and mastication.
Figure 20.2 Label these muscles of mastication.
Figure 20.3 Label these deep muscles of the posterior neck (trapezius removed).
Part A
Complete the following statements:
1. When the _______________ contracts, the corner of the mouth is drawn upward.
2. The _______________ acts to compress the wall of the cheeks when air is blown out of the mouth.
3. The _______________ causes the lips to close and pucker.
4. The _______________ and platysma help to lower the mandible.
5. The temporalis acts to _______________.
6. The _______________ pterygoid can close the jaw and pull it sideways.
7. The _______________ pterygoid can protrude the jaw, pull the jaw sideways, and open the mouth.
8. The _______________ can close the eye, as in blinking.
9. The _______________ can pull the head toward the chest.
10. The _______________ can pull the head to one side, rotate it, or bring it into an upright position
(extend head).
11. The muscle used for pouting and to express horror is the _______________.
12. The muscle used to smile and laugh is the _______________.
Part B
Name the muscle indicated by the following combinations of origin and insertion.
Origin
Insertion
Muscle
1. Spinous processes of
Base of skull
cervical and
thoracic vertebrae
2. Occipital bone
Epicranial aponeurosis
3. Zygomatic bone
Angle of mouth
4. Zygomatic arch
Lateral surface of mandible
5. Inferior process of
sphenoid
6. Superior margin of
sternum and upper clavicle
Medial surface of mandible
7. Medial margin of orbit
Skin around eyelids
8. Cartilage of rib to
acromion
Mandible and skin of cheek
9. Temporal lines
Coronoid process and
anterior
ramus of the mandible
10. Spinous processes of
cervical
and thoracic vertebrae
Mastoid process of temporal
bone
and occipital bone
Mastoid region of skull