ABOUT UNFCCC & OECD
Climate Change
Group 4
이문영, 장효정, 정혜원, 안혜원, 서유라, 주현정, Sonia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature
=player_detailpage&v=4r8USBnXrV4
Why is global warming happening?
• destruction of the ozone layer
Carbon dioxide and Freon gas are the biggest cause of global warming.
These increase the temperature of the earth and destroy ozone layer.
The role of the ozone layer :
1. To protect life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.
2. Promoting the marine phytoplankton growth
3. Protect skin cancer
4. Strengthen the human immune function
The temperature of the world continues to go up.
Increasing
1. Air Temperature
2. Sea level
3. Specific Humidity
4. Ocean Heat Content,
5. Sea-surface
Temperature,
6. Temperature Over
Oceans
7. Land surface air
Temperature Over Land
What are some of the damage of global warming?
According to simulation of the World Climate Conference,
The sea level will increase 3 ~ 10cm every 10 years.
So over time
1. the many islands and coastal cities will disappear
into the sea.
2. it is difficult to obtain the Ministry of Agriculture, Fo
restry and Fisheries and water. Because, river and la
ke will dry.
3. disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods wil
l happen more frequently.
Because of melting glacier,
polar bears can not change
their place.
Polar bear can not get food
to eat. Eventually, they eat
them race.
The island sinks due to sea level rise.
What is
UNFCCC?
Introduction
 UNFCCC=The United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate change.
It is an international environmental treaty negotiated at
the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth
Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992.
The objective of the treaty is to "stabilize greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would
prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system
Classification of Parties and their commitments
Annex I: Parties to the UNFCCC listed in Annex I of the Convention. These are
the industrialized (developed) countries and "economies in transition" (EITs).
EITs are the former centrally-planned (Soviet) economies of Russia and Eastern
Europe.
Annex II: Parties to the UNFCCC listed in Annex II of the Convention. Annex II
Parties are made up of members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD).
Annex B: Parties listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol are Annex I Parties with
first- or second-round Kyoto greenhouse gas emissions targets
Non-Annex I: Parties to the UNFCCC not listed in Annex I of the Convention are
mostly low-income[7] developing countries.[5]
Least-developed countries (LDCs): 49 Parties are LDCs, and are given
special status under the treaty in view of their limited capacity to adapt to the
effects of climate change
TREATY
 UNFCCC was opened for signature at the 1992
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (known
by its popular title, the Earth Summit). On June 12,
1992, 154 nations signed the UNFCCC, that upon
ratification committed signatories' governments to
reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse
gases with the goal of "preventing dangerous
anthropogenic interference with Earth's climate
system
MEMBERS
 UNFCCC has 195 parties.
ex) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra,
Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Armenia, Australia Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas,
Bahrain, Bangladesh
+UNFCCC has Observers
1. Holy See[47]
2. Palestine
WHAT IS OECD?
•History
established in 1961
•Headquarters
Paris, France
•Membership
34 countries
•Budget
EUR 347 million
•Publications
250 new titles/year
Their mission
The mission of the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to
promote policies that will improve the economic and
social well-being of people around the world.
The OECD provides a forum in which governments
can work together to share experiences and seek
solutions to common problems
HISTORY
 The Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) celebrated its 50th
anniversary, but its roots go back to the rubble of
Europe after World War II. Determined to avoid
the mistakes of their predecessors in the wake of
World War I, European leaders realised that the
best way to ensure lasting peace was to
encourage co-operation and reconstruction, rather
than punish the defeated
THE OECD’S CORE VALUES
•Objective: their analyses and recommendations are
independent and evidence-based.
•Open: they encourage debate and a shared understanding
of critical global issues.
•Bold: They are dare to challenge conventional wisdom
starting with our own.
•Pioneering: They identify and address emerging and long
term challenges.
•Ethical: Their credibility is built on trust, integrity and
transparency.
OECD's way of working
The Carbon Emission
The Carbon Credit
• Generic term for any tradable certificate or
permit representing the right to emit one
tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of
another greenhouse gas with a carbon
dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) equivalent to
one tonne of carbon dioxide.
The Carbon Credit and Carbon market
• Component of national and international at
tempts to mitigate the growth in concentrat
ions of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
The Carbon Credit
• Pros and Cons
▷ Look forward to the appearance of
the eco-friendly enterprises.
▷ If it gets more serious in the regulation
of carbon emissions, corporations have a
lot of resistance.
Kyoto's 'Flexible mechanisms'
• The Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)
• the Joint Implementation (JI)
• Carbon Emissions Trading
carbon market
• A country is ratified to rel
ease 15 units of cabon e
missions reduction.
• B country is ratified to rel
ease 10 units of carbon e
missions reduction.
• in reality, A country relea
sed 10 units but B countr
y release 12 units.
• so B country can buy 2 u
nits from A country in ord
er to meet the emisson ta
rget.
The EU emissions trading system (EU ETS)
• The first - and still by far the
biggest - international system for
trading greenhouse gas emission
allowances
Policies
• The EU ETS works on the 'cap and trade' principle.
• a company must surrender enough allowances to
cover all its emissions, otherwise heavy fines are
imposed.
• Altogether the EU ETS covers around 45% of total
greenhouse gas emissions from the 27 EU
countries
ABOUT OECD
GREEN GROWTH
Group 4
OECD of Climate Change policy
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Adaptation
Financing Climate Change Action
MRV
Carbon Markets
Modelling
Cities, Climate Change and Green Growth
Development
UNFCCC conferences
What is the “GREEN GROWTH”?
Green Growth is a term to describe a path
of economic growth which uses natural resources in a
sustainable manner.
It is used globally to provide an alternative concept to
standard economic growth.
See also green economy.
OECD Actions 1
<Green Growth Knowledge Platform>
• Green growth and sustainable
development forum 2012
– Green-growth and sustainable-development issues as
well as for the identification of key knowledge gaps
that could usefully be addressed by future work of
OECD Committees.
OECD Actions 2
<Green growth indicators>
• Monitoring progress towards green growth
requires indicators based on
internationally comparable data.
• Relevant OECD work for monitoring
progress towards green growth.
Green Growth Indicators topics
Green Growth Indicators
- Measurement frame work
OECD Actions 3
<Green Growth Lessons>
• A clean energy economy - Lessons from
Iceland (2013. 2. 27)
Green Growth in the world
signal light from OECD
OECD green growth indicators in practice
•
Countries like the Czech Republic, Korea and the Netherlands have already applied and adjusted the OECD
green growth measurement framework and indicators to their specific national contexts to assess their
state of green growth. With the support of OECD, the Latin America Development Bank, the Latin American
and the Caribbean Economic System and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, work is
underway in Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Paraguay to apply the OECD
indicators as a way to identify key areas of national concern and the scope for improving the design,
choice and performance of policy instruments.
OECD / UNIDO WORKSHOP
7 June 2012
This expert workshop was organized by the OECD and
the UNIDO as part of the UNIDO initiative to develop
and monitor green growth in Latin America by using the
OECD Green Growth measurement framework and
drawing on the rich UNEP experience with
environmental indicators in Latin America. It brought
together international experts and officials from the
Latin American economic and environment ministries
that were involved in production of country reports. The
overall objective of the initiative is to establish a
measurement framework in Latin America that would
bring together economic and environmental data to
help governments and other stakeholders to assess
opportunities for green growth. The purpose of the
workshop was to exchange experience among the
users of the OECD Green Growth and UNEP indicators
and to provide expert advice on country reports
presented by the delegates from Latin America.
The GGKP’s second annual conference,
Paris 4-5 April 2013
•
The general purpose of the second GGKP annual conference was to focus on
private sector implementation aspects of green growth in areas of mutual interest to
advanced, emerging and developing countries. The two-day discussion were framed
around the following headline themes: Greening global value chains and
Measurement and reporting for green growth. See the link below for the conference
webpage.
•
Over time, the GGKP website will roll out new green-growth related programs, report
activities from around the world, link to organizers’ flagship reports as well as create
a collaborative online community for green growth stakeholders. The GGKP is a
global network of researchers and development experts that identifies and addresses
major knowledge gaps in green growth theory and practice, to help countries design
and implement green growth policy. Through widespread consultation and worldclass research, the GGKP provides practitioners and policymakers with better tools to
foster economic growth and implement sustainable development.
•
The Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) has been developed in partnership
between the Global Green Growth Institute, the OECD, UNEP, and the World Bank.
•
Carbon credit & Carbon market
UNFCCC improves climate change effectively.
Carbon credit set a limit directly on national or international carbon
emissions.
Countries set up the carbon emission quantity in UNFCCC, and
each countries or companies try to reduce emission and also to
trade permits each other.
Thus, carbon credit makes countries counteract climate change
voluntarily.
Carbon credit & Carbon market
Now, many countries participate in reduction of greenhouse gasses
Green Growth
OECD improves climate change effectively.
Green Growth is one of the best ways that reduces CO2 emissions
from fuel combustion and boosts economic growth at the same time.
The 1st and 3rd actions alert people to the importance of Green
Growth.
•Green Growth Knowledge Platform
•Green Growth Lessons
The 2nd action encourages many countries to strive for Green Growth.
•Green growth indicators
Green Growth
Now, a lot of countries make efforts to develop green energy industry.
Thank you!