Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Tissues
Modified by S. Mendoza
8/2013
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Tissues
Histology
• Cells are specialized for particular functions
• Tissues
• Groups of cells with similar structure and
function
• Extracellular Matrix
• Aka: intercellular matrix, interstitial fluid
• “cell glue” between cells
• Histology = study of tissue
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.41
Body Tissues
• Four primary types (functional categories)
1. Epithelium = protection/secretion/absorption/
filtration
2. Connective tissue = support & structure
3. Nervous tissue = communication & control
4. Muscle = movement (internal & external)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.41
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
Epithelium Characteristics
• High cellularity = cells fit closely
together – very little EC matrix
• Contains specialized contacts = tight
junctions & desmosomes
• Tissue layer always has one free
surface (apical) that may have
modification such as microvilli
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.43
Epithelium Characteristics
• Avascular = no blood vessels within it –
diffusion provides nutrients & carries
waste away – lots of nerve fibers
• Basement Membrane
•Reinforcement & connection
•Defines boundaries – cancer causes a
breach in these boundaries
• Regenerate easily if well nourished
•Found in areas of high friction
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.43
Classification of Epithelium
• Combination of shape
& # of cells is used to
name tissues
• Shape of cells
• Squamous – flattened
• Cuboidal – cube-shaped
• Columnar – column-like
Figure 3.16b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
3.44b
Classification of Epithelium
• Number of cell layers
• Simple – one layer
• Found in areas of transport
• Stratified – more than
one layer
• High abrasion areas for
protection
• Secretory membranes
• Named according to cell
shape on apical surface
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.16a
Slide
3.44a
Apical Surface
Identification of Epithelial tissue
See handout
Go to website:
See PPT for tissue slide study
Complete info on chart & study
Simple Epithelium
• Simple squamous
• Single layer of flat
cells
• Usually forms
membranes
• Lines body
cavities
• Lines lungs and
capillaries
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17a
Slide 3.45
Simple Epithelium
• Simple cuboidal
• Single layer of
cube-like cells
• Common in
glands and their
ducts
• Forms walls
of kidney tubules
• Covers the
ovaries
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17b
Slide 3.46
Simple Epithelium
• Simple columnar
• Single layer of tall
cells
• Often includes
goblet cells, which
produce mucus
• Lines digestive
tract
Figure 3.17c
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.47
Simple Epithelium
• Pseudostratified
• Single layer, but
some cells are
shorter than others
• Often looks like a
double cell layer
• Sometimes ciliated,
such as in the
respiratory tract
• May function in
absorption or
secretion
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17d
Slide 3.48
Stratified Epithelium
• Stratified squamous
• Cells at the free edge
are flattened
• Found as a protective
covering where
friction is common
• Locations
• Skin
• Mouth
• Esophagus
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17e
Slide 3.49
Stratified Epithelium
• Stratified cuboidal
• Two layers of cuboidal cells
• Stratified columnar
• Surface cells are columnar, cells
underneath vary in size and shape
• Stratified cuboidal and columnar
• Rare in human body
• Found mainly in ducts of large glands
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.50
Stratified Epithelium
• Transitional
epithelium
• Shape of cells
depends upon the
amount of stretching
• Lines organs of the
urinary system
Figure 3.17f
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.51