1
Name ______________________________________________________
Ch. 15
MITOSIS – ESSENTIAL VOCAB
1. Mitosis
Cell division resulting in two genetically identical cells
2. Asexual Reproduction
Process where one parent cell divides into two cells by mitosis
3. Nucleus
Cell organelle that contains the DNA
4. DNA
5. Chromosomes
Molecule containing the hereditary instructions for all life
functions, found in the nucleus of cells
Coiled structures in the nucleus of cells that contain DNA
6. Chromatin
Temporary form of chromosomes during mitosis
7. Daughter Cells
The two genetically identical cells produced from mitosis
8. Clone/Cloning
Process that produces a genetic copy
9. Centromere
The center location in a chromosome
10. Chromatid
Two identical DNA strands during mitosis
11. Centrioles
14. Cytokinesis
Organelles in animal cells that assist in separating
chromosomes during mitosis
Organized protein fibers that stretch across a cell to help pull
apart chromosomes during mitosis
The pinching in of the cell membrane to divide a cell during
mitosis, forming an indentation or furrow
The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis
15. Replicate
To make a copy of, as in DNA during mitosis
16. Growth
Life function that includes increase in cell size and/or number
12. Spindle Fibers
13. Cleavage/Furrow
2
17. Ameba/Paramecium
Unicellular Protists that reproduce asexually by mitosis
18. Bacteria
Unicellular organisms that reproduce asexually by mitosis
19. Unicellular Organisms
Single celled organism that reproduce asexually by mitosis
20. Colony
The collection of unicellular organisms produced asexually by
mitosis, can appear to look multicellular because of grouping
The temporary structure formed in plant cells at the end of
mitosis, becomes a new cell wall
A form of asexual reproduction by mitosis where the cell
cytoplasm divides equally in half to produce two equal sized
offspring cells, splitting in two
A form of asexual reproduction by mitosis where the cell
cytoplasm divides unequally to produce two unequal sized
offspring cells
A form of asexual reproduction by mitosis in fungi where the
parent organism releases genetically identical spores as
offspring
The process or repair and regrowth in multicellular organisms
of identical damaged or lost body parts, by mitosis
A form of asexual reproduction by mitosis in plants that
results in identical offspring
Examples of vegetative propagation by mitosis
21. Cell Plate
22. Binary Fission
23. Budding
24. Sporulation/Spores
25. Regeneration
26. Vegetative Propagation
27. Cuttings, Slips, Bulbs,
Runners, Buds, Tubers
28. Trade Offs
In decision making, the process of weighing the pros vs. cons
29. Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth and division by mitosis
30. Tumor
A growing mass of cells by mitosis, cancerous or benign
31. Gene
A protein that codes for a genetic trait in the DNA of a cell
32. Mutation
A change in the sequence of DNA
3
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. Give examples of
synonyms for mitosis.
Ch. 15 Mitosis – Cell Division
Recall that the cell theory states “that all
cells come from preexisting cells”. Cell
division is the process by which news cells are
produced from one cell.
Cell Reproduction
2. What is the end
result of mitosis?
The process by which new cells are
produced from one cell. The cells
are identical clones of the parent
cells and are called daughter cells.
Mitosis is all about the nucleus!
The nucleus contains the DNA that
needs to be copied
Chromosomes
3. Differentiate
between DNA,
chromatin, &
chromosomes.
SUMMARY:
Coiled structures in the nucleus of cells
that contain DNA, the hereditary
instructions for all life functions.
Chromatin
A temporary form of chromosomes during mitosis.
4
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. Describe and label
what happens at
metaphase of mitosis.
The Phases of Mitosis

The growing phase of a cell, chromatin
converts to chromosomes in preparation for
replication.

2. Why do
chromosomes first
need to double?
Interphase
Prophase
Chromosomes double forming sister
chromatids that connect at centromeres.
The nucleus will disappear during this
phase due to doubling of
chromosomes.

Metaphase
The chromatids line up along the
center of the cell, the equator, in
preparation for dividing.

3. What is the
difference between
mitosis and
cytokinesis?
Anaphase
The chromatids separate and move
towards opposite cell ends, the poles,
away from the equator.

Telophase
The chromatids reach their opposite
poles and two new nuclei form
around each. Chromatids revert back to
chromatin and mitosis is complete with two
replicated nuclei.

Cytokinesis
The cells cytoplasm divides resulting in two
genetically identical daughter cells.
SUMMARY:
5
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. What do unicellular
organisms use mitosis
for? Multicellular
organisms?
Results of Mitosis

Unicellular organisms are only single
celled, reproduction is fast and easy by
mitosis and can result in many genetically
identical offspring in a short amount of
time.

2. Contrast plant and
animal cell mitosis.
In Unicellular Organisms
In Multicellular Organisms
Multicellular organisms do not use
mitosis for reproduction since they
have specific tissues, organs, and a
system for sexual reproduction. They
use mitosis for growth and repair of
damaged or lost body parts.
Plant vs. Animal Cell Mitosis

3. What organelle in
plants cells prevents a
cleavage furrow from
forming during
mitosis?
Compare
Both involve copying DNA,
chromosomes, and the division of a
cell nucleus. Both go through
similar phases of mitosis and the
end result is the same, two new
genetically identical daughter cells.

Contrast
Animal cells pinch in, cleave the cell
membrane forming a furrow, plant
cells do not they form a cell plate down the middle that becomes
the new cell wall.
SUMMARY:
6
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. Compare and
contrast binary fission
with budding.
2. How could a colony
of organisms be
produced through
budding?
Mitosis as a form of Asexual Reproduction

A form of asexual reproduction by
mitosis in unicellular organisms like
the ameba, paramecium, and
bacteria. Characterized by the equal
division of cytoplasm and producing
the same sized offspring/cells.

Budding
A form of asexual reproduction by
mitosis in simple organisms like the
hydra. Characterized by the unequal
division of cytoplasm and producing
different sized offspring/cells called a
bud.

3. Under what types of
environmental
conditions would it be
beneficial for an
organism to release its
spores?
Binary Fission
Sporulation
A form of asexual reproduction by mitosis in
fungi. Characterized by the production of
many genetically identical offspring called
spores. Usually occur when the parent
fungus is not at its optimum.
Mitosis for Growth & Repair
Regeneration of lost limbs
A form of mitosis in multicellular
organisms resulting in the identical
regrowth or repair of lost or damaged
body parts. Has limitations.
SUMMARY:
7
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. Give an example of
vegetative
propagation?
Mitosis as a form of Asexual Reproduction in Plants

Vegetative Propagation (bulbs, runners, tubers, slips)
A form of asexual reproduction in plants
resulting in genetically identical offspring,
in the form of buds, runners, tubers, bulbs,
slips, cuttings, etc.
2. Why is it considered
asexual reproduction?
Trade Offs of Vegetative Propagation

3. Explain the term
trade off.
Pros
-The offspring will be clones of the
parent, passing on desired traits.
-A free method of obtaining more plants
since they come from the parent.
-A faster method of obtaining plants since them come from an
established parent, not sexual seeds.

Cons
-The offspring will be clones of the parent, passing on any
undesired traits
-Results in no genetic diversity, so a disease or change could
potentially destroy the parent and its clones/offspring if all the
same.
SUMMARY:
8
BELLRINGER:
Essential Questions:
1. How can disruption
of the cell cycle result
in cancer?
Control of the Cell Cycle – Control of Mitosis

When homeostasis is disrupted!
When life functions
are not regulated and
balance is not
maintained….health of
the cell/organism is at
risk.
Cancer
2. What are some
factors that people
could do to limit their
chances for having
cancer?
The uncontrolled growth and division of cells by mitosis. Can
result in a larger mass of cells, a tumor that spreads and
metastasis occurs, resulting in malignant growth.
Gene
A protein that codes for a particular
trait in the DNA of a cell.
The Causes of Cancer
3. Put in order from
smallest to largest the
following: nucleus,
gene, chromosome,
DNA.
Both genetic and environmental
factors. Random mutations of DNA can
cause uncontrolled mitosis rates leading
to cancer. Exposure to mutagens
(harming substances in the
environment like UV rays, X rays, lead,
asbestos, etc.) can cause uncontrolled
mitosis rates leading to cancer.
Cancer Prevention
Know the warning signs, maintain good
health through diet and exercise, and get
regular physicals and screenings. Avoid
toxic environments.
SUMMARY: