WHEN THE FIRE SERVICE FLIES!
Innovating A New Technology
Make Sure We Do Not Come Crashing Down!
INTRODUCTION
Paul D. Brooks, CFO, MIFireE
Principal, Brooks Innovative Solutions
CPSE CEO/Executive Director, Retired
Assistant Fire Chief (Ret.)
Greensboro (NC) Fire Department
(336) 707-5087
[email protected]
Identifying INNOVATION and raising its visibility and use
throughout our industry for the benefit of our communities
through awareness and training.
Credentials for Discussing UAV?
• Police Foundation, National Advisory
Committee – 2015; “Community Policing
and Unmanned Aircraft Systems:
Guidelines to Enhance Community Trust.”
• sUAS Owner – Phantom 3 Standard by DJI
• Member, Academy of Model Aeronautics
Rapidly Evolving “Disruptive” Technology
“....a product that will completely transform a
market and potentially make former products
obsolete.”
• Trunked Multi- and Simulcast Radio Systems
• Mobile Devices
• Cellular Technology
– Telephone
Mobile Phone
Cell Phone
The Smart Phone
• The Internet
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles/Systems!
DRONES
Orientation
Navigation
Community Reaction to “Drones”
Community Reaction to “Drones”
•
•
•
•
•
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Do not trust government
Fear violations of privacy rights
Fear weaponization
Fear of injury to person or property
Opposed to use for surveillance
More supportive when used for officer
safety
• Strongly supports use in search and
rescue scenarios
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS)
…the sUAS Operation and Certification NPRM* proposed a
definition of “small unmanned aircraft system (small UAS)”
as “a small unmanned aircraft and its associated elements
(including communication links and the components that
control the small unmanned aircraft) that are required for
the safe and efficient operation of the small unmanned
aircraft in the national airspace system.”
Aircraft less than 55 pounds.
* Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS)
• Extremely Rapid Growth in Use
• Manufactures revenues from sales growing at 2-3X annually.
• FAA expected 1 Mil. Drone sales Christmas of 2015 as reported by
Fortune and Forbes Magazines
• Registration of sUAS Began in December 2015
• In first 30 days, nearly 300,000 hobby owners/users registered
Intro to a sUAS
Bad Experiences
Useful Emergency Service Applications
• Search and Rescue
• Situation Awareness
• Damage Assessment/Natural
Disasters
• Training and Operational
Readiness
• Post Incident Analysis
• Pre-Incident Planning
• Hazard and Risk Assessment
• Arson Investigation
REAL LIFE
REAL LIFE
National Airspace System
Requirements to operate in National Airspace System
• Licensed Pilot
• Certified and Registered (N#) Aircraft
• Operational Approval
Regulatory Issues
• Constitutional Considerations
• State Legislation Restricting sUAS use
• FAA Regulation
•
•
•
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New Rules are being developed (Notice of Proposed Rule Making)
Congress exempted model aircraft from new rules or regulations
provided the aircraft are operated "in accordance with a communitybased set of safety guidelines and within the programming of a
nationwide community-based organization."
Private sector (civil) users can obtain an experimental
airworthiness certificate to conduct research and development,
training and flight demonstrations. Commercial operators may apply
for a 333 Exemption to perform commercial operations in low-risk,
controlled environments. Commercial UAS operations are limited and
require the operator to have certified aircraft and pilots, as well as
operating approval.
Public entities (federal, state and local governments, and public
universities) may apply for a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization
(COA).
Constitutional Considerations
Disclaimer: I’m Not A Lawyer! Consult Your Attorney!!
• Fourth Amendment Concerns
• Reasonable Expectation of Privacy (RXP)
• First Amendment Concerns
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom to peaceably assemble
• Additional Federal Law Areas of Concern
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act – intercepting
and collecting WiFi data.
• HIPPA – for on-duty personnel involved in the
treatment of patients; concerns for patient privacy and
record retention, etc.
Disclaimer: I’m Not A Lawyer! Consult Your Attorney!!
State Legislation Restricting sUAS Use
• Between 2013 and 2015, 27 States enacted UAS
legislation. 17 states have specifically limited law
enforcement use of sUAS.*
• Most restrictions reference privacy and civil rights
concerns.
• Many provide for exceptions to restrictions for use in
terrorist activity, public and officer safety, use for
firefighting or search & rescue purposes.
• Restrictions may require a warrant to be obtained prior
to use.
*Source – National Conference of State Legislatures.
Certificate of Authorization (CoA)
Public entities, which include publically funded universities, law
enforcement, fire departments and other government agencies,
may currently apply for a Certificate of Waiver or
Authorization (COA) from the FAA in order to use small
unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in public aircraft operations.
• Must prove you are a legal public entity – can not be selfcertified.
• Public aircraft operations must be conducted for a public
purpose.
• Issued for a specific period of time, usually two years.
• Contains specific provisions such as purpose for flights,
defined block of airspace, operator and crew training and
certification, and time of day.
• CoA’s are usually issued for training first, then for full
operations.
CoA Specific Provisions
• Minimum trained crew of two, the operator (pilot) and an
observer.
• Pilot must have a minimum of successful completion of
FAA pilot ground school, demonstrated training and
proficiency with approved UAV, and Medical Clearance.
• Pilots required to fly at least three flights in any 90 day
period to remain proficient.
• UAV must be registered and assigned an N#.
• Restricted to daytime flights.
• Restricted to Line of Sight flight operations.
• Generally restricted to 400’ (AGL).
• Generally must coordinate with or notify local Air Traffic
Control (ATC).
• Can not fly within five miles of an airport without ATC
approval.
CoA’s Publicly Released
Educational Institutions
Federal Agencies
11 0
Tribal Agencies
16
32
State Agencies
4
Local Law Enforcement
1
19
Local Emergency Services
Org
Local GIS Organization
Local Fire Departments
Restricted Airspace
Restricted Airspace
NO DRONE ZONE
• Graphic used to identify
“No Drone Zones.”
• Available as part of a
FAA tool kit. Likely used
by private property
owners, local
governments, near
airports, and at
sensitive facilities.
Know Before You Fly!
Know Before You Fly was founded by the two leading
organizations with a stake in UAS safety – the Association
for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)
and the Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA). The
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is partnering with
the founding members to spread the word about safe and
responsible flying.
http://knowbeforeyoufly.org/
ESTIMATED PROGRAM COSTS
• Acquisition Costs - $1,200-$40,000
• 40 Hour pilot’s license course - $3000-5,000
– On-line less expensive - $1K to 2K
• sUAS operation - $2,000
• Operation & Maintenance - $25/hr.
• Housing/Storage – Negligible
• Insurance - $5,000/yr.
• Staffing – Agency and program specific
What is Coming?
• Getting smaller!
• More economical add-ins
• FLIR
• NIR or IR Camera
• Environmental sensing
• Enhanced GIS navigation and obstruction avoidance to
allow flying in buildings
• See through radar imaging
• Video analytics
• Deliverable payloads using sUAS
• Live Video Streaming through public outlets
FUTURE VIEW
“The best way to predict the future is to create it.”
Peter F. Drucker,
Professor of Social Science and
Management
FUTURE VIEW
• First Person View (FPV)
• Biometrics
• Escape
“The best way to predict the future is to create it.”
Peter F. Drucker,
Professor of Social Science and
Management
The Dark Side
• Weapons of Terror
• Weapons of Assassins
• Assist in the Commission of Crimes
• TARGETS
• Homeland Security Threats/Risks
• Critical Infrastructure
• Persons of State/Political Figures
• Executives
• Celebrities
Zain Naboulsi
Founder, The Drone Lab
Fire Departments Exploring or Deploying
sUAS
Austin (TX) Fire Department
Lenexa (KS) Fire Department
Corpus Christ (TX) Fire Department
Independence (OH) Fire Department
Coral Springs (FL) Fire Department
Columbus (GA) Fire & Emergency Services
Northwest Fire District (AZ)
West Metro (CO) Fire Department
California City (CA) Fire Department
Fairfield (CT) Fire Department
Montgomery County (MD) Fire Department
Oak Ridge (TN) Fire Department
Police Foundation
Watch for Release!
• Community Policing & Unmanned Aircraft
Systems (UAS): Guidelines to Enhance Public
Trust
http://www.policefoundation.org/?s=Com
munity+Policing+and+Unmanned+Aircraft+Sy
stems
National Public Safety sUAS Flight Operations
and Incident Reporting System
http://www.policefoundation.org/?s=sUAS
WHEN THE FIRE SERVICE FLIES!
Innovating A New Technology
https://survey.evals.net/fhw2016
Make Sure We Do Not Come Crashing Down!