GREENER AND
SMARTER
TRANSPORT
CONFERENCE
CETC-Route65:
part of a revised TEN network – a basis
for economic development of the region
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml [email protected]
Committee of the Regions - 13th of October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
CETC Route65 – part of a revised TEN
• Two statements in the title:
part of a revised TEN-T network + basis for economic development of the region
• The importance of a network-level approach
the importance of the internal network of a region + the role of the external network
•
•
•
•
•
The spatial dimension of sustainability
What do the transport can do?
What role the corridors convey
…for Europe
…for our region
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
The spatial dimension of sustainability
• UN Bruntland report (Our Common Future 1987) definition of
sustainable development “meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs”
• The general sustainability approach focus on the time dimension of
sustainability; taking care on the environmental conditions of the
future generations (inter-generational solidarity)
• Also important to speak about the spatial conditions of sustainability
as spatial solidarity and spatial interdependence – or intragenerational solidarity and spatial self-defence
• Development that “meets the needs of those living here without
compromising the ability of those living elsewhere to meet their own
needs”
• Inter-generational connection is a one-way relation: our
responsibility for future generations, – they can’t do anything for us...
Brussels,
13 October 2009
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TRANSPORT
The spatial dimension of sustainability
• Intra-generational relation is a two-ways relation: the activity of
others can also effect our circumstances and possibilities. We have
to count on their solidarity, but this is not enough, we must also do
for defending our environment. Sustaining our activity in a changing
environment out of the solidarity we need also a kind of selfdefence.
• The key concept is: „space of places” and „space of flows”
(Castells, Manuel 1996 The Rise of the Network Society - The Information Age).
Space of places is our physical environment that has meaning and
importance for us, with its order, culture, rules, and internal
structures. Space of flows is the field of force: the effects arriving
from outside. This latter is not a continuous space, but space of
individual effects.
• Sustainability is also a fight for control over space beside control
over time. “Space of places must retain its autonomy and its
meaning independently from the evolution and dynamics of the
space of flows” (Castells)
Brussels,
13 October 2009
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What do the transport network can do?
• Above terms can be translated to economic and transport relations
using terms as provision, (connections of the ‘space of places’) and.
accessibility, through traffic and by-passing. (trajectories of the
‘space of flows’) (Fleischer T. Regions, borders and networks Tér és Társadalom 2001/3-4).
Different
network
relations
relative to
a region
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
What do the transport network can do?
• Above terms can be translated to economic and transport relations
using terms as provision, (connections of the ‘space of places’) and.
accessibility, through traffic and by-passing. (trajectories of the
‘space of flows’) (Fleischer T. Regions, borders and networks Tér és Társadalom 2001/3-4).
Different
network
relations
relative to
a region
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
• The existence of a proper internal network
is the precondition of the harmonised operation of a region.
•
•
A main target of the transport is to make prosperous the world of the starting
and destination points in a region - and not the “good transport” in itself.
The physical networks of a region reserve the paths of earlier connections
as a memory, and make easier to sustain or create again similar
relations.=>
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
•
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
The physical networks of a region reserve the paths of earlier connections as
a memory, and make easier to sustain or create again similar relations.=>
The different
network patterns
of the western
and the eastern
side of the Polish
railway network
Source: Ray, Violette: (1991)
Borders versus Networks in
Eastern Central Europe.
Flux, Vol.1. No.3.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
•
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
The physical networks of a region reserve the paths of earlier connections as
a memory, and make easier to sustain or create again similar relations.=>
The 20% of
Polish gminas
with lowest own
income per
capita, 1998
Source: Gorzelak G –
Jalowiecki B (2002)
European Boundaries: Unity or
Division of the Continent?
Regional Studies, Vol.36. No.4.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
• The existence of a proper internal network is the precondition
of the harmonised operation of a region.
•
•
A main target of the transport is to make prosperous the world of the starting
and destination points in a region - and not the “good transport” in itself.
The physical networks of a region reserve the paths of earlier connections
as a memory, and make easier to sustain or create again similar
relations.=>
• The pattern of the internal structure is determining, whether a
given region becomes prosperous.
•
•
In case of strictly hierarchical structures the nods are in key positions as the
flows are not able to avoid them. The consequences are rigidity,
vulnerability and the lack of flexibility.
The importance of a grid structure is, that different points of a region are
helped to be at a more equal position, that is it decreases (and not
increases) the differences owing to their position.=>
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
•
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
The importance of a grid structure is, that different points of a region are helped to
be at a more equal position, that is it decreases (and not increases) the
differences owing to their position.=>
The distinction
between
centripetal and
centrifugal
networks
Source: Rodrigue, J-P (19982003), Dept. of Economics &
Geography, Hofstra University
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
• The multi-directionality and multi-modality of the accessibility
is of basic importance for the development of a region.
• Among the external relations a difference has to be taken
between large scale backbone relations and neighbour (cooperation) relations. (The latter is an extension of the internal provision
relations) =>
• The symmetry or the asymmetry of the impacts depend on the
difference in the development of the interconnected regions.
For interconnecting to each other developed and less developed regions, it
is necessary to calculate that what measure and tempo of the external
changes is tolerable for the less developed structure.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Road numbering
since 1975 – the
first signal of
corridor thinking
Source: Az országos
közúthálózat 1991-2000
évekre szóló-fejlesztési
programja 1991, KHVM
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Model of the
grid of the TEN
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Eastern
extension of the
grid of the TEN
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Eastern
extension of the
grid of the TEN
Eastern
extension of the
east-west
corridors of the
TEN
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
Eastern
extension of the
grid of the TEN
Eastern
extension of the
east-west
corridors of the
TEN
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Provision, accessibility, transit, by-passing
The Helsinki, or panEuropean transport
corridors
Source: http://www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyarorszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
What role the corridors have?
• European Interest 1 – the extension of the TEN network toward
the East was rather the extension of the east-west corridors of the
TEN than the extension of the grid itself. It reflected the Fifteen’s
interest rather than the general interest of an enlarged
European Union.
• European Interest 2 – during the adaptation of the EU (CTP)
priorities the transition countries overestimated the significance of
the TEN (supranational) level in territorial cohesion. TEN is an
internal connection in European level, but external connection for
the accession area. Without good local networks the expected
advantages can not penetrate into the local economy, to
achieve cohesion – so good local network is of a general
interest.
• European Interest 3 – the construction of the inter-regional network
elements of the TEN became a competition for projects rather
than a network level management of the process.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
What role the corridors have?
•
Central-European Interest 1 – it is necessary to revise the whole TEN
process, listening to the interest of a whole European level
•
Central-European Interest 2 – within that network Central-European
countries have to deal specially with the internal network of the
Central-European area, because it is a condition for them to cooperate
as a region. Without good local networks the expected advantages can
not penetrate into their economy, – so a good local Central-European
network is of a general interest.
•
Central-European Interest 3 – it is necessary to create a strategic
partnership between the countries touched, and create a mutually
agreed network, instead of competing for single corridors one against
the other. What important is to cover the whole area with a well
structured transport network, to achieve a positive sum game for the
whole region. To catch a corridor from another partner is a typical
0-sum game within the region, – with a negative result for the whole
region.
•
Central-European interest 4 – general agreement on the density and
the structure of a necessary network.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
ENDING HERE IF THERE IS
NO MORE TIME
CETC-Route65:
part of a revised TEN network – a basis for economic development of the region
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml [email protected]
Committee of the Regions - 13th of October 2009
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Summary of the remaining part
• The inter-regional/international corridor is an indirect, higher-level
connection, its task is not directly serving the destinations,
rather supplying a wider (80-100 km) area (with relatively few
corridors), by improving the external connections of the local
networks.
• The main aim is the good interconnection of the whole CentralEuropean area. A proper TEN backbone network structure has to
serve that aim, and the necessity of single corridors must be
deduced from that.
• There are 9-10 countries along the belt of the CETC /SoNorAcorridor, and it is not likely that a 200-300 km wide area could be
served by one single north-south corridor. It is not the title that
should be fight for, but rather a strategic level survey of the whole
Central European network, and to bring decisions based on that.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Automobile ways: spatial coverage
Proximity corridors
along the TEN-T
road network in 2002
in the European
Union supposing a
provision of 40-40
km distance
Source: Gutiérrez, J. – Urbano. P.
(1996) Accessibility in the
European Union: the impact of the
trans-European road network.
Journal of Transport Geography
Vol. 4. No. 1. pp. 1-12.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Automobile ways: spatial coverage
Those Hungarian
zones covered by 1515 and 30-30
minutes access from
the future road
corridors by the year
2015
Lack of
feedback
in planning!
Brussels,
13 October 2009
Source: Országos
Fejlesztéspolitikai
Koncepcióról szóló
96/2005. (XII. 25.) OGY
határozat
http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/
hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A0
5H0096.OGY.
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Automobile ways: spatial coverage
• Corridors: do not offer direct service for neighbouring plots
• The corridor offers spatial coverage in an indirect way –
through other road categories
• During the planning process it is not only the direct occupied area
that is important, but also the indirectly served area. =>
• For an overlapped region the corridor has any effect only if there
exist an internal provision network, that can transmit the services
of the corridor
• It is not useful to overlap nearby parallel coverage zones, or built the
corridor close along a river, a lake – as in such cases the corridor
can supply but one side.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Spatial coverage
Whether this is ONE single corridor, and we
have to find one single optimal trace?
Source: Source: Agárdy,
G.(Bratislava Region)
Presentation CETC
National Support Group
Szombathely
2008.05.09.+ added.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Spatial coverage
Whether this is ONE single corridor, and we
have to find one single optimal trace?
Or these are TWO corridors, a
Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I)
and a Gdansk-Katovicze-BratislavaSzombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka
(PL-SK-H-SN/CR)
Source: Source: Agárdy,
G.(Bratislava Region)
Presentation CETC
National Support Group
Szombathely
2008.05.09.+ added.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Spatial coverage
Whether this is ONE single corridor, and we
have to find one single optimal trace?
Or these are TWO corridors, a
Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I)
and a Gdansk-Katovicze-BratislavaSzombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka
(PL-SK-H-SN/CR)
Source: Source: Agárdy,
G.(Bratislava Region)
Presentation CETC
National Support Group
Szombathely
2008.05.09.+ added.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Spatial coverage
Whether this is ONE single corridor, and we
have to find one single optimal trace?
Or these are TWO corridors, a
Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I)
and a Gdansk-Katovicze-BratislavaSzombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka
(PL-SK-H-SN/CR)
or possible THREE corridors – 200-300 km!) –
Katowicze-Gönyű-Székesfehérvár-Sisek-”V/C”
Source: Source: Agárdy,
G.(Bratislava Region)
Presentation CETC
National Support Group
Szombathely
2008.05.09.+ added.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Spatial coverage
Whether this is ONE single corridor, and we
have to find one single optimal trace?
Or these are TWO corridors, a
Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I)
and a Gdansk-Katovicze-BratislavaSzombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka
(PL-SK-H-SN/CR)
or possible THREE corridors – 200-300 km!) –
Katowicze-Gönyű-Székesfehérvár-Sisek-”V/C”
And where are the east-west links?
Source: Source: Agárdy,
G.(Bratislava Region)
Presentation CETC
National Support Group
Szombathely
2008.05.09.+ added.
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
Statements relating the corridor(s)
• There is a need for north-south corridor
• It is more north-south corridors that are needed
• The TEN-T was the internal network of the EU-15 –
it was promoted in order to serve the
external competitiveness of the EU
• There wasn’t a similar internal overlay network planned
based on the needs of the EU-27 (+X) area
• The corridors have to be planned in a network: listening to all
elements of the network
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
•
•
•
•
•
•
Summary of the two parts
The existence and structure of an internal network of a region is of primary
importance in creating the economic prosperity of the region. It makes
possible offering the specialities of the region in different combinations (+sum)
Central-European countries have to deal specially with the internal network
of the Central-European area, because it is a condition for them to
cooperate as a region.
The task of the inter-regional/international corridor is not directly serving the
destinations, but supplying a wider (80-100 km) area and improving the
external connections of the local networks.
The main aim is the good internal interconnection of the whole CentralEuropean area. A proper TEN backbone network structure has to serve
that aim, and the necessity of single corridors must be deduced from that.
There are 9-10 countries along the belt of the CETC /SoNorA-corridor, and it
is not likely that a 200-300 km wide area could be served by one single
north-south corridor. It is not the title that should be fight for, but rather a
strategic level survey of the whole Central European network, and to bring
decisions based on that.
The Central European network must be integrated into a whole-European
approach and network
Brussels,
13 October 2009
GREENER AND SMARTER
TRANSPORT
GREENER AND
SMARTER
TRANSPORT
CONFERENCE
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION !
CETC-Route65:
part of a revised TEN network – a basis for economic development of the region
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml [email protected]
Committee of the Regions - 13th of October 2009
Brussels,
13 October 2009