Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes)
Student Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
1.
“Pre-historic” here means ________________ (before/after) 1600.
2.
Pre-Historic Times is divided into _______ periods from 14,000 B.P - 1,600 AD.
3.
There are 2 Hypotheses of how Paleo-Indians came into North America: from
_________________ by Water along the No. Pacific or thru Alaska/Canada OR
from _______________ on the edge of the ice pack along the No. Atlantic Coast.
4.
In the “Land Bridge” hypothesis, paleo-indians came over land called
__________________ thru Alaska/Canada.
5.
Migrations into No. and Central America from Asia first populated the
_________________________ (East or West) coast of North America.
6.
In the “Solutrean” hypothesis, similarities in spear point technology of early
native Americans and the spear making industry of people in ______________
suggests that the early inhabitants of No. America may have come from Europe.
7.
Spear points found in Clovis, NM, Solutre, France, and Cactus Hill, VA look
_________________________ (different or similar) and that similarity supports
the Solutrean hypothesis.
8.
Inhabitants of Southern France drew ________________ on the walls of their
caves.
9.
There are _______________ (none, few, several) sites where Paleo-Indian
artifacts have been found in the eastern part of the United States.
10.
Paleo-Indian sites in Virginia include: Cactus Hill and ___________________.
11.
Paleo-Indian artifacts found in Saltville, VA have been dated to about
________________ years before those found in Clovis, NM.
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
12.
Stone tools found at Cactus Hill in VA may have been used by Paleo-indians in
their hunts for ___________________ (large, medium, or small) mammals.
13.
Paleo-Indian artifacts found at Saltville, VA date from 14,510 BP to about
______________BP (i.e., BP means “before present”).
14.
The oldest Paleo-Indian artifact found at Saltville, VA was a Pre-clovis
“_____________ tool”.
15.
Paleo-indians at Saltville, VA appear to have butchered and processed hide, meat,
and bones, and tusks of a _______________________.
16.
There is evidence of native American hunters in Virginia’s woodlands for
_____________ (100s, 1000s, millions) of years.
17.
The ______________ ________________ complex in the Northern Shenandoah
Valley of Virginia is a group of Clovis sites clustered around a ______________
rock outcrop near the So. Fork of the Shenandoah River.
18.
Paleo-Indians used Jasper rock to make _____________ for hunting and cutting.
19.
The “Thunderbird Site” in the Flint Run complex was a “_______________
_______________________ near the river edge where men made new stone
tools.
20.
At the “Fifty Site” in the Flint Run complex, Paleo-Indians made large and small
Jasper flake tools for scraping and points and small knife-like ______________.
21.
The Williamson Paleo-Indian Site is located in ____________________________
(Northern, Southern, or Central) Virginia.
22.
A large number of _______________ _____________ were found at the Williams
Site in Dinwiddie Co., VA.
23.
Projectile points were made by hammer-stoning, bone hammering, and
_______________________ ________ the point’s edge.
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
24.
Flakes are removed from the core of a stone with a hammer stone thereby shaping
the stone into a bi-facially worked ___________ head.
25.
In creating an Axe Head, ________________ are chipped off of the axe head
stone with a hammer ______________.
26.
Paleo-Indians used a stone-age _______________ tool, to scrape strips of
material off of a larger piece of material.
27.
Early Archaic villages were typically located _______________ (away from,
near, or on) water (e.g., lakes, streams, rivers, or the ocean.)
28.
Early hunters in the Middle Archaic period used the ____________ to increase
the throwing power of their spears.
29.
Middle Archaic people used _____________________ and mortars to grind food
before cooking/eating.
30.
Late Archaic people were __________________ Foragers living is established
villages.
31.
__________________________ has a “soapy feel” and was easily cut into pieces
and fashioned into various useful objects such as “cooking bowls”.
32.
Late Archaic people carved ______________________ from Soapstone.
33.
Early Woodland people made ________________ from clay.
34.
Middle Woodland people organized themselves into groups of villages where
individuals had different tasks and the groupings were called “______________
Societies”.
35.
Late Woodland people were ____________________ and lived in Permanent
Villages in Shared Long-houses or Single-Family Dome Shaped Structures.
36.
By the 1600s, the native people of North America lived in highly evolved villages
such as __________________________ and Pomeiooc which were located on the
coast in what is present-day North Carolina.
37.
The horticultural development of native societies in Eastern US were based on
growing _________________ .
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
38.
Mississippian Mound-builders from (900-1450 AD) were located primarily along
the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys east of the ____________________
mountains.
39.
Mississippian Cultures were spread out throughout the Eastern part of North
America from the Gulf coast to the ______________ Lakes.
40.
In the vast area influenced by Mississippian Culture, the evidence of their
influence is seen in the ______________ that these people built. Hence they were
known as “mound” builders.
41.
Some example of mounds include: Etowah Mound, Cartersville, GA, Grave
Creek Site in Moundsville, WV and ___________________ Mound built in
Southern Ohio by the Fort Ancient people between 1170 and 1270 AD.
42.
In Lee County, VA, (i.e., in the South-western part of VA), some important
mounds are located near _______________ Hill. The earliest find was called
“Ely Mound”.
43.
Ely Mound was firsts excavated in _________ by Lucien Carr from Boston, MA.
44.
Artifacts found at Ely Mound were dated from the ______________
________________ period (i.e., 1,200 - 1,650 AD).
45.
One interesting artifact found at Ely Mound was a round stone used in the Indian
game of ______________________.
46.
There is an unexplored mound that can be seen from Route 15 near Foxfield
Lane in __________________________, VA.
47.
Native Americans communicated with each other via _____________ routes or
paths of travel throughout No. America.
48.
The major Indian Path from TN, Western NC and GA to PA and NY was called
the Great _________________ Path.
49.
Typical Indian trade goods included all of the following EXCEPT (_________):
A. Salt
B. Copper
C. Fish
D. Animal Skins
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
50.
Horticultural Chiefdoms in Virginia were _________________-based.
51.
By 1600, the Powhatan Chiefdom in Virginia was located between the
____________ and the York Rivers in Eastern VA.
52.
By 1600, the Cherokee Chiefdom was located on the _____________ River in
South-western VA.
53.
At the time of first European Contact, the Indians of Virginia spoke languages
that could be categorized in ______________ language groups.
54.
Indians in the Eastern part of Virginia spoke the _____________ language.
55.
John Smith’s early map of Virginia and its native peoples shows that they were
settled mostly along the __________________ of Virginia.
56.
There are ___________ tribes that are recognized by the State of Virginia.
57.
The Powhatan Chiefdom’s capitol (i.e., Werowocomoco) was located on the
_______________ River.
58.
The Chickahominy Tribe was located in ___________________ ______ Co.,VA.
59.
The Chickahominy Tribe was forced to “cede” (i.e., give up) their land along the
Chickahominy River in the year ______________ after the Anglo-Powhatan War.
60.
The Chickahominy River flows into the ____________________ River.
61.
The Western Chickahominy Indian Tribe was located along the Chickahominy
River NW of _________________ City (i.e., Richmond, VA).
62.
The Mattaponi and Upper Mattaponi Tribes lived on the ______________ River.
63.
The mattaponi River flows into the York River which flows into the
__________________ Bay near Yorktown, Va.
64.
On John Smith’s 1624 Map of VA, rivers were annotated by name with
the word “___________” which means river (e.g. “Mattaponient _____”).
65.
Members of the current Mattaponi Tribe hold an annual spring ______________
where dancers perform in historic Indian costumes.
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
66.
Early Mattaponi Pottery is very ______________(new, clean, brown, rare).
67
The Monacan Indians lived above the falls at present-day _____________.
68.
The Monacan Indians lived on both sides of the ___________ river.
69.
The Nansemond Indians were a/an__________________ speaking tribe.
70.
The Nansemond Indians lived in a _____________environment near Suffolk, VA
71.
The largest of the 30 Indian tribes making up the Powhatan confederacy was the
__________________________ Indians.
72.
The Pamunkey Indian reservation is located in __________________ Co., VA.
73.
The Pamunkey Indians use river-bank clay to make their __________________.
74.
The dominant tribe of the Rappahannock River Valley is called the
_________________________ Tribe.
75.
The Rappahannock Tribe has occupied the Rappahannock River for ________yrs.
76.
Today’s Rappahannock Tribe consists of a few ________________ members.
77.
There are ________________ (few, several, many) unrecognized, extinct or tribes
no longer located in Virginia.
78.
The 3 Indian Language groups of Virginia are: Iroquoian, Siouan, and
_______________________________.
79.
The Powhatan indians spoke ___________________.
80.
The Cherokee indians spoke ___________________
81.
The Siouan language was spoken primarily in the ______________ region of VA.
82.
The Eastern band of Cherokee Indians (i.e., located in SW Virginia)
_____________________ (did or did not) participate in the Trail of Tears
migration to Oklahoma Territory.
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
83.
The Cherokee Indians lived in the _______________ (South, South-east, Eastern)
part of the present-day United States.
84.
In 1835, a handful of Cherokee leaders sold all of their tribal lands to the United
States for _$_________ million and land in the Oklahoma Territory.
85.
The Trail of Tears was named for the many Cherokee Indians who __________
on this forced march due to the effects of Winter and lack of food.
86.
The route of the Trail of Tears was ____________(one, several) paths.
87.
A Cherokee Winter-house was a “tepee” covered with _____________.
88.
A Cherokee Summer-house was ___________(heavy, light).
89.
The Wolf Creek band of Cherokees is located in __________, VA.
90.
There are Indian pictographs on _______________ _________ Mountain in
Tazewell Co., VA.
91.
The Tutelo and Saponi Tribes spoke ______________.
92.
Indian history was handed down by ______________________ who repeated
their history at gatherings around the fire (.i.e., an “oral history”).
93.
The Powhatan Chief ___________________________ created a mighty empire
by conquering or affiliating by agreement with around __________ tribes
covering much of Eastern VA.
94.
Powhatan is a VA Algonquian word meaning ____ ______ _________________.
95.
The principal tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy included all but ___________:
A. Powhatans
B. Kiskiacks
C. Pamunkeys
D. Mattoponis
96.
The Powhatan Confederacy included ____________(few, most) of the Indian
tribes in the Tidewater region of VA.
97.
The Powhatan capitol of Werowocomoco was about ____ miles from Jamestown.
98.
Archeologists working at Werowocomoco have found ____________ metal
fragments probably obtained by trade with settlers from Jamestown.
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Indians of Virginia (Pre-1600 with notes on Historic Tribes) Continued
For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks:
Question#
Statement(s)
99.
The Powhatan Confederacy fought 2 big wars with the Anglo settlers in Virginia.
One in ____________ and another in ___________. After 1646, the Powhatan
Confederacy was largely destroyed.
100.
The leader of Powhatan uprisings (i.e., Opechancanouh) was killed by a
____________ assigned to guard him in 1646.
101
The Yuchi Indians of South-western Virginia resided on the Great War Path Trail
near ______________, VA. They probably traded salt and copper with warriors
from all parts of the Eastern United States who used the trail.
102
The Yuchi village on the Holston River near Saltville, VA was attacked and
decimated by ______________ Conquistadors in 1567.
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