• Prokaryote: no nucleus
– Chromosome &
plasmids float freely
in cytoplasm
• Ribosomes: create
proteins
• Flagella: used in
movement
• Pili: act as anchors
• Capsule: outer coating
• Endospore: “cocoon”
to protect DNA in harsh
times
• Many bacteria grow • 1) Bacilli = Rod
in colonies
• 2) Coccus = Spherical
• 3 Basic Shapes: • 3) Spirillum = Spiral
Bacteria Reproduction
Click pic
• Binary Fission: asexual
reproduction where one
cell splits into two cells
– Both cells have
identical sets of DNA
– Less genetic diversity
• Conjugation: process
where DNA is
exchanged
– Cells connect by pili
– DNA exchanged
• Creates genetic diversity
Nutrition
• Heterotrophs: feed on matter produced by
others
– Saprophytes: feed on dead matter
– Parasites: live on/in others
• Break down dead matter
• Essential to healthy ecosystems
The bacteria that causes TB
lives in your lungs…which
type is it?
• Obligate Anaerobic = cannot live in oxygen
• Facultative aerobic = can live with or without
oxygen
• Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen
Salt, heat, &
acid loving
bacteria
• Live in extreme environments
• 1) Methanogens:
– Anaerobic
– Produce methane gas as a waste product
– Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract
2) Thermophiles
• Heat and acid loving
bacteria
• Habitat: Deep sea
vents, volcanoes, hot
springs (230°F)
3) Halophiles
– Thrive in areas of high salt concentration
• Salt normally dehydrates organisms
– Use salt to make energy
Eubacteria (Modern Bacteria)
• Common to most
environments on Earth
• Identified by Gram Stain
test
– Gram negative: stains
pink (harder to treat
because of thick
capsule)
– Gram positive: stains
purple (easier to treat)
• Treatments differ
depending upon results
Gram Stain Overview
Eubacteria (Modern bacteria)
• Cyanobacteria:
autotrophic bacteria
• Create oxygen for life
on earth
• Created Earth’s ozone
layer to block ultraviolet
radiation (UV) from the
sun
– Oxygen (O2) is
recombined into
ozone (O3) in the
stratosphere
– Allows life to evolve
on land
Helpful Bacteria
• In nature, bacteria return
nutrients to the soil
– Saprophytes: organisms
that feed on dead
material
• Bacteria have been
engineered for human uses:
– Food: cheese, bread, yogurt,
cabbage, sauerkraut
– Medicine: antibiotics
– Industry: insecticides, fuel,
environmental cleanup
HEALTHY
MODERATE PERIODONTITIS
GINGIVITIS
ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS
Name this bacteria shape!
Name this bacteria shape!
Name these cell parts!
Name the process shown in this
animation.