Unit 13 test
1. The policy followed at the Munich Conference by British and French leaders in 1938 was called
a. protectionism
b. containment
c. isolationism
d. appeasement
e. democratic centralism
2. The initial reaction to the stock market crash n 1929 was for governments in most capitalist
countries to stand by and let the markets recover on their own. The economist who most
directly influenced this approach was
a. John Maynard Keynes
b. Thomas Malthus
c. Kenneth Galbraith
d. Herbert Spencer
e. Adam Smith
3. During the Spanish Civil War the Nationalist forces led by General Franco received military
assistance from which of the following pairs of states?
a. France and Italy
b. France and the Soviet Union
c. Germany and Great Britain
d. The Soviet Union and the United States
4. “Better Hitler than Blum!” was a cry heard
a. in France following the victory of the Popular Front
b. in Germany following the selection of Hitler as Chancellor
c. in Spain during the Civil War
d. in Germany following the Reichstag fire
e. in the Soviet Union when Stalin signed the non-aggression pact with Hitler
5. Hitler won the support of the German military following
a. his promise to remilitarize Germany
b. the destruction of the S.A.
c. his breaking of the Versailles Treaty
d. the destruction of the Communist Party
e. his commitment to wipe out European Jewry
6. The Popular Front government formed in France in 1936 was an attempt to
a. reconcile with the British
b. appease the Germans
c. unite the parties
d. create a coalition government bringing in parties from across the political spectrum
e. unite the parties of the right against socialism
7. Mussolini’s Lateran Pact with the Catholic Church
a. revealed Mussolini’s own deeply held religious beliefs
b. made Catholicism the official state religion in Italy
c. led to official Catholic support of Mussolini’s fascist movement
d. restored the Vatican as an independent state
e. allowed Mussolini a veto over all clerical appointments
8. The Wannsee Conference in January 1942 set the stage for
a. Operation Barbarossa
b. The entry of the US into WWII
c. The elimination of European Jewry
d. Creation of allied occupation zones in Germany
e. German and Japanese military cooperation
9. The Weimar Republic (1918-1933) in Germany was weakened by all of the following EXCEPT
a. a president who believed in hereditary monarchy
b. heavy reparations due to the Allies
c. the Great Depression
d. hyper-inflation
e. invasion by the Soviet Union
10. Stalin’s Five-Year Plans in the Soviet Union
a. brought an end to Lenin’s New Economic Policy
b. concentrated at first on consumer goods
c. failed to industrialize Russia
d. helped workers quickly achieve a higher standard of living
e. opened Russia to capitalist investment
11. The “Kristallnacht” attack of Novemeber9-10, 1938 in Germany involved
a. the assassination of Paul von Hindenburg
b. abolition of all political parties
c. failure to take over Austria
d. destruction of Jewish property
e. massive book burning
12. The Popular Front in France, led by Leon Blum, founded in 1936, was composed of
a. fascists
b. royalists
c. Bonapartists
d. leftists
e. anarchists
13. All of the following were or became dictatorships EXCEPT
a. Soviet Union
b. Germany
c. Spain
d. Hungary
e. Sweden
14. All of the following were key battles in the Second World War EXCEPT
a. Stalingrad
b. D-Day
c. Battle of Britain
d. Pearl Harbor
e. Somme
15. The Battle of Britain during August and September 1940 was crucial because
a. Hitler needed air superiority over the English Channel
b. It distracted Hitler’s forces away from the Russian front
c. The British were able to sink the Bismarck
d. Is saved France
e. It followed up on the D-Day victory
16. In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly to ___
a. Decide to attack Japan
b. Pledge to support peoples right to self determination
c. Pledge not to support a Europe first strategy
d. to unite with Stalin after the war
e. None of the above the never met
17. What types of goals do Fascists pursue?
a. Nationalists
b. Individual
c. Democratic
d. Communistic
e. None of the above
18. What was the Anchluss
a. A German arms company
b. The Famous French line of defense
c. The German annexation of Austria
d. The German annexation of Poland
e. Hitler’s war strategy
19. All of the following leaders of the 1930's are correctly paired with their respective nations EXCEPT
A Joseph Stalin-U.S.S.R
B Benito Mussolini - Italy
C Neville Chamberlain - England
D Edouard Daladier - Austria
E Francisco Franco – Spain
.
20. In the painting above, the artist is attempting to convey the
(A) surrealistic nature of life
(B) the horrors of the Spanish Civil War of 1936
(C) the nonsensical aspects of daily existence
(D) primitivist view of civilization
(E) torture facing sinners in the world to come
21. The outbreak of the Second World War began with the German
(A) attack upon Czechoslovakia
(B) annexation of Austria
(C) invasion of Belgium
(D) defeat of France
(E) attack on Poland
22. The military defensive system in which France placed her faith was called
(A) "force de frappe"
(B) Vichy
(C) Dunkirk
(D) Chateau-Thierry line
(E) The Maginot line
23. In which of the following battles in the Soviet Union did the Germans suffer their most resounding
defeat?
(A) Moscow
(B) Leningrad
(C) Stalingrad
(D) Smolensk
(E) Kiev
24. The nation that suffered the greatest number of both civilian and military dead and wounded in
World War II was
a. the Soviet Union.
b. Britain.
c. Japan.
d. Germany
e. France
25. Mark A you earned it and continue
26. Which of the following BEST describes the political message of this cartoon?
a. Stalin planned to take advantage of Germany.
b. Poland is surprised that Hitler and Stalin are becoming allies.
c. Germany and the Soviets plan to divide Poland.
d. Poland recognizes Germany and Russia’s desire to become their ally.
27. How does this cartoon represent a shift in military strategy from World War I?
a. Nations of Europe are determine to gain new allies
b. The Germans and Soviets are determined to conquer weaker nations of Europe.
c. Germany and the Soviets recognize the strategic value of acquiring Poland.
d. Germany eliminates the possibility of fighting a two-front war.
Questions 28-30 refer to the 1932 German political poster
“Women! Millions of men without work; millions of children without a future. Save the Germany Family
– Vote Adolf Hitler
28. The economic conditions portrayed in the poster are most directly a result of which of the following?
a. the onset of the great depression
b. Hyperinflation after the First World War
c. the French occupation of the Rhineland
d. the abandonment of social welfare programs by the Weimar republic
29. the poster is most clearly evidence for which of the following trends in the period it was printed/
a. the impact of Expressionism on advertising
b. the impact of the Bolshevik revolution
c. the sexploitation of economic suffering to promote radical politics
d. the increasing role of women as political leaders
30. After the Second World War, European states undertook which of the following to address the
circumstances depicted in the poster?
a. the expansion of social welfare programs
b. the restriction of voting rights
c. the importation of guest workers
d. the mandatory proportional representation of women in parliaments
Unit 13 Short response
1. A. Provide to examples as to why Stalin made a pact with Germany instead of Great Britain?
B. Describe the British reaction to the Non-aggression Pact?
2. A. Provide two specific reason why Adolph Hitler was able to come to power
B. Briefly explain why one of your choices was readily accepted by the German people.
Unit 13 Long Essay
Compare and contrast the victorious Allied powers’ treatment of Germany after the First World War
with their treatment of Germany after the second World War. Analyze the reasons for the similarities
and differences
EUROPEAN HISTORY
Unit 13 1920’s – WW II revolution DBQ
Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-7. The
documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents.
Write an essay that:
 Provides an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the
question and does NOT simply restate the question.
 Discusses a majority of the documents individually and specifically.
 Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,
purpose, historical context, and or point of view
 Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents
 Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument, connects it to
a different historical context, or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
1. Analyze the factors that contributed to the instability of the Weimar Republic in
the period 1918–1933.
Document 1
Document 2
Source: Ernst Troeltsch, Protestant theologian and leader of the German Democratic
Party, “German Democracy,” published in a magazine of public affairs, 1918.
Overnight we have become the most radical democracy in Europe, yet we must consider it
the relatively moderate solution to the problem of our political life. Democracy did not
happen overnight. It is the natural consequence of modern population density, combined
with education, industrialization, war mobilization, and politicization. It fell solely to the
terrible world war to deliver democracy to victory. But this introduced the danger that the
development will not stop at democracy, and a “dictatorship of the proletariat” will assume
the form of terrorist domination by a minority.
We can only secure this new situation externally through a League of Nations and
internally through a new order renovated along democratic and social lines. Otherwise
Germany may become a volcano of misery, always likely to erupt into civil wars.
Document 3
Source: Clara Zetkin, Communist Party member of the Reichstag, “The Situation in
Germany,” editorial in The Communist International, 1920.
The Weimar regime is really the bloody class terror of the bourgeoisie under the mask of
democracy. Industrialists are striving for the class dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, under
which the Junkers and the representatives of the larger industry might play the leading role,
and which would be realized in the form of a monarchist power by means of the military
apparatus. The only reliable guarantee of victory over monarchist militarism is the
absolutely necessary development of the proletarian revolution — the arming of the
workers, the disarmament of the well-to-do classes, and consequently, a radical
extermination of the newly reviving militarism.
Document 4
Source: Thomas Mann, novelist, “The German Republic,” speech to German university
students, 1922.
War is romantic, with a mystic and poetic element in it. But today only the insensible
would deny that it is an utter distortion of the poetic. To save our nation from falling into
disrepute, we must learn to understand that a warlike and brawling spirit is not essential
to us.
War is a lie, its issues are a lie; whatever honorable emotion the individual may bring to it,
war itself is now stripped of all honor, and reveals itself as the triumph of all that is brutal
and vulgar in the soul of man, the archenemy of culture and thought, a bloody orgy of
egotism, corruption and vileness.
My aim is to win you to the side of the republic; to the side of what is called democracy,
and what I call humanity, because of a distaste I share with you for war. The republic is
our fate. Freedom is no joke. Its other name is responsibility; the word makes it only too
clear that freedom is truly a heavy burden.
The republic — still and always Germany! Democracy!
Document 5
Source: Joseph Goebbels, National Socialist Party member of the Reichstag, propagandist,
speech to Nazi Party members, 1928.
We are entering the Reichstag in order that we may arm ourselves with the weapons of
democracy from its arsenal. We shall become members of the Reichstag in order that the
Weimar ideology should itself help us to destroy it. We are content to use all legal means to
revolutionize the present state of affairs. We come as enemies! Like the wolf falling upon a
herd of sheep, that is how we come.
Document 6
Source: Heinrich Mann, novelist, “The German Decision,” in The Diary (a political
journal), 1931.
Hitler’s instructions for National Socialist speakers include the provision that gatherings
are to be held exclusively in the evenings. It is easier to work the crowd and stupefy it then
than during the day. People are already worn down by the struggle of daily life then, more
ready to submit.
It is already evening in Germany, if not midnight. The majority are losing a bit of their
courage because the enemy no longer appears to have any doubts. Most people would like
to be democratic and peaceful; they are that even now and would like to remain so. It is
just that they do not find enough resistance in themselves against someone who employs
the methods of war.
The condition of Germany is above all a psychological fact. The economy is collapsing
more or less everywhere, but only in Germany does the process achieve its maximum
effect on people’s spirits.
Document 7
Source: Adolf Hitler, campaign speech to the Industry Club (an association of German
business executives and economists), 1932.
Gentlemen, where is the organization that can boast, as ours can, that it can summon at will
400,000 men into the street, men who are schooled to blind obedience and are ready to
execute any order? . . . In our movement today, hundreds of thousands of young men are
prepared at the risk of their lives to withstand our opponents.
I know quite well, gentlemen, that when National Socialists march through the streets and
suddenly in the evening a tumult and commotion arises, then the bourgeois draws back the
window curtain, looks out, and says: “Once more my night’s rest disturbed; no more sleep
for me; why must the Nazis always be so provocative and run about the place at night?”
But remember that many hundreds and thousands of SA and SS men of the National
Socialist movement every day have to mount on their trucks, protect meetings, undertake
marches, sacrifice themselves night after night and then come back into the grey dawn
either to workshops and factories or as unemployed to take the pittance of the dole.
And if the whole German nation today had the same faith in its vocation as these hundred
thousands, if the whole nation possessed this idealism, Germany would stand in the eyes of
the world otherwise than she stands now!