Name ____________________________________
Ms. Tom
1. Before starch can enter a cell, it must be
A) absorbed by simple sugars
B) diffused into simple sugars
C) digested to form simple sugars
D) actively transported by simple sugars
2. Which molecule can diffuse from the digestive
tract into the human bloodstream without first
being digested?
A) protein
B) starch
C) fat
D) glucose
3. The digestive system breaks carbohydrates
down into simple sugars. This is important
because
A) Sugars are required to maintain the
structure of the cell
B) Simple sugars are not required by the
brain
C) Simple sugars are required for
metabolism
D) Sugars are responsible for all cellular
communication in the body
Date _____________________
Living Environment
4. An individual recovers from the common cold,
which is caused by rhinovirus A. The person
then becomes infected with the avian influenza
virus, which causes the bird flu. Which
statement best describes what will most likely
happen to this person?
A) He will have the symptoms of the bird flu
because he is not immune to the avian
influenza virus.
B) He will have the symptoms of the common
cold because he is not immune to the
avian influenza virus.
C) He will not have the symptoms of the bird
flu because he is immune to rhinovirus A.
D) He will not have the symptoms of the
common cold because the avian influenza
virus causes it.
Base your answer to question 5 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology.
Five students design an experiment to answer the question: "How is heart rate affected by
running?" Two chairs were set up at different ends of a large room. The pulse rate of each
student was taken at rest just before running. Each of the five students ran between the
chairs a different number of times. Their pulse rates were taken after running and the results
are shown in the table below.
5. Explain how the change in heart rate helps to maintain homeostasis during exercise.
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6. The diagram below represents one type of white blood cell. This type of white blood cell ingests microbes.
A function of another type of white blood cell is to
A) prevent the loss of blood from a wound
B) produce specialized molecules that mark invaders
C) increase the number of red blood cells in the blood
D) cause gene mutations that will increase immune responses
7. The diagram below represents how HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, interacts with a certain type of white
blood cell called a helper T-cell.
What is one possible result of the cellular activity represented in the diagram?
A) Immune responses of an infected individual will be weakened.
B) The red blood cells of a person infected with AIDS will no longer be able to make antibodies.
C) This virus will strengthen future immune responses against blood-related diseases.
D) Immune responses will prevent the spread of AIDS in humans.
8. People who have AIDS are more likely than
others to become ill with multiple infections
because the
pathogen that causes AIDS
A) targets many body systems
B) mutates, releasing toxins directly into the
bloodstream
C) increases the rate of enzyme activity in
different types of body cells
D) damages the immune system
9. It is recommended that people at risk for
serious flu complications be vaccinated so that
their bodies will produce
A) antigens to fight the flu virus
B) antibodies against the flu virus
C) toxins to fight the infection caused by the
flu virus
D) antibiotics to reduce symptoms caused by
the flu virus
10. A 6-year-old child ate a peanut butter
sandwich at snack time in school. Five minutes
later, her throat became swollen and she
collapsed. This allergic reaction occurred
because her body
A) recognized an antigen in peanut butter
and produced antibiotics against it
B) digested the white blood cells that can
recognize an antigen in peanut butter
C) did not recognize an antigen in peanut
butter and could not produce antibodies
against it
D) recognized an antigen in peanut butter
and produced an immune response
11. Responses of the immune system to usually
harmless environmental substances are
known as
A) antigen production
B) chromosomal mutations
C) pathogens
D) allergies
12. An activity that occurs in the human body is
shown below.
This activity helps to
A) provide protection against pathogens
B) produce antibiotics to control disease
C) eliminate harmful gene alterations
D) regulate production of ATP by the cell
13. Which structures filter and moisten air as it
passes through the human respiratory system?
A) cilia and mucous membranes
B) alveoli and cartilage rings
C) diaphragm and bronchioles
D) epiglottis and bronchi
14. What will most likely happen when food is in
the trachea?
A) The food will interfere with the passage of
air to the alveoli.
B) The food will undergo emulsification and
deamination.
C) The food will be moved down to the
stomach by peristalsis.
D) The food will be completely digested as a
result of enzyme action.
15. The cellular process which uses oxygen and
sugar to produce energy is called
A) photosynthesis
B) cell division
C) cellular respiration
D) DNA replication
16. Which of the following would cause CO2 to
build up in the body?
A) A malfunction of the circulatory system
B) A malfunction of the respiratory system
C) A malfunction of the reproductive system
D) A malfunction of the digestive system
17. The excretory system is responsible for
moving toxic wastes, dissolved molecules, and
excess heat. You would conclude that the
excretory system contributes to
A) circulating molecules around the body
B) maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the
body
C) producing egg and sperm cells in the body
D) gas exchange
18. Base your answer on A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram below.
Which statement is most closely associated with the diagram?
A) Small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion.
B) Certain molecules are replicated by means of a template.
C) Receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells.
D) Energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal.
19. Base your answer on the diagram to the right and on your knowledge of biology.
Failure of structure A to function properly would most directly disrupt
A) autotrophic nutrition
B) chromosome replication
C) cellular communication
D) biological evolution
20. The blood glucose range for a healthy adult is
65-104 mg/dL. Which graph best illustrates
normal blood glucose levels in a healthy adult
over the course of a day?
21. Pregnancy, which is characteristically
associated with changes in hormone levels in
the body is a process tightly regulated by
A) the endocrine and nervous system
B) the reproductive system
C) the circulatory and respiratory system
D) the digestive system
22. Activities in the human body are represented
in the diagram below
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which title would be appropriate for the
diagram?
A) Rate of Excretion Varies in Response to
Amount of Water Taken In
B) Feedback Mechanisms Help to Maintain
Homeostasis
C) Respiratory Rate Responds to an Increase
in Muscle Activity
D) The Nervous System Responds to Changes
in Blood Sugar Levels
23. The nucleus of a cell coordinates processes
and activities that take place in the cell. Which
two systems perform a similar function in the
human body?
A) nervous and endocrine
B) digestive and reproductive
C) circulatory and respiratory
D) skeletal and muscular
24. The first successful transplant of insulinproducing cells from a living donor pancreas
was completed in April 2000 in Japan. This
enabled the body of the recipient to
A) regulate fat concentration by a feedback
mechanism
B) provide protection against an infectious
disease
C) slow down the heart rate after a period of
activity ends
D) maintain blood sugar levels throughout
the day
Base your answer to questions 25 and 26 on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.
The Protein Shredder
In every cell, thousands of important processes are occurring around the clock One of the ways a cell
manages to coordinate all of these processes is by sending protein messages. After the protein messages are
delivered and read, they need to be destroyed to prepare fix the arrival of the next message.
The task of destroying these proteins falls on cell structures known as proteasomes. Think of a proteasome
as a tube-like protein shredder. Protein molecules that have served their purpose are transported to the
proteasome, unfolded, fed through the tube, and cut into smaller molecules that can then be used to
synthesize new protein molecules. Proteasomes can shred any type of protein.
Individuals with a neurological disorder known as hereditary ataxia have been found to have an excess of
protein in the cells of their brains and spinal cords. The abnormal level somehow leads to the death of cells
in portions of the cerebellum. These areas of cell loss can be seen on a brain scan.
There are several forms of hereditary ataxia but all of them result in poor coordination. The symptoms
progress over a period of years. In the beginning, the individuals experience only minor coordination
problems. As time passes, the symptoms become worse. The affected individuals will have poor balance
when walking. They will be clumsy and have difficulty talking and swallowing.
25. Explain why researchers could think that proteasomes might not be working correctly in nerve cells of
individuals with hereditary ataxia.
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26. The reproductive system of a male mammal
provides
A) support for the internal development of
the embryo
B) materials through the placenta
C) a means for the delivery of gametes
D) the ovaries for gamete production
27. Testosterone directly affects the
A) formation of a zygote
B) changes within an ovary
C) production of sperm cells
D) development of a placenta
Base your answer to question 28 on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.
Smoking is Dumb
A study by Prof. Mark Weiner of Tel Aviv University's Department of Psychiatry and the Sheba Medical
Center of Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs
than their nonsmoking peers. Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest
study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of
cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
The average IQ for a nonsmoker was about 101, while the smokers' average was more than seven IQ points
lower at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were
lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders, fall
within the range of 84 to 116.
Source: Science Daily April 2, 2010
28. Based on the information given in the passage, state the relationship between the number of cigarettes
young males smoke and their IQ.
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Base your answer to questions 29 through 31 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
In order to enroll in most schools, students must be vaccinated against certain viral diseases,
such as mumps. Even with these vaccinations, many students still suffer from other diseases.
Discuss how a vaccination works and why some students still become infected with other
diseases. In your answer, be sure to:
 State why a student vaccinated against mumps can still be infected by the pathogens
that cause other diseases, such as chicken pox
 Describe how a vaccine protects against disease
 Identify what is present in a vaccine that stimulates an immune response
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