Water + Organic Molecules
Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Lipids
 Organic compounds
that arenot soluble in
water
Composed of C, H, O
 Higher ratio of C and
H atoms to O atoms
 Non-polar
Types of Lipids:




Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids
 Fatty acids can be:
 Saturated
 Single Bonds
 Unsaturated
 At least one double bond
 Hydrophobic
 Water hating
 Hydrophilic
 Water loving
Lipid Types
Triglycerides
 Three fatty acid
molecules
 One glycerol molecule
 At room temperature:
 Saturated  Solids
 Butter, animal fat
 Unsaturated  Liquids
 Plant seed oil
Phospholipid
 Two fatty acid molecules
 One glycerol molecule
 One phosphate group
 Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of the cell
Waxes
 Long fatty acid chain
 Attached to a long alcohol chain
 Waxes are waterproof
 Found on:
 Cuticle of leaves
 Outer part of fruits
 Ears
Steroids
Four fused carbon rings with functional
groups attached.
 Cholesterol
 Estrogen
 Testosterone
Cholesterol
 Cholesterol is needed
by the body for some
cells and nerves to
function.
 Two Types
LDL: Bad Cholesterol
 Produced by body
Diet, trans fats,
saturated fats
HDL: Good Cholesterol
Anabolic Steroids
 Class of steroid hormones
related to testosterone
 Increase protein synthesis
and build up cellular tissue,
especially muscle
 Health risks include:
increase in cholesterol,
acne, high blood pressure,
and liver damage
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
 Very large and complex
 Store and transfer important info in the cell
 Two Major Types:
 RNA
 DNA
 Both are polymers
 Composed of thousands of nucleotides
 Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group, a sugar
and a nitrogenous base