NUTRITION THOUGH THE
LIFESPAN
NUTRITION & PREGNANCY
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Nutrition before conception
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FOODS TO AVOID DURING PREGNANCY
Alcohol
 Certain types of fish
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Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
INFANCY
Growth is the best marker of nutritional status.
 Weight gain
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Double birth weight by 4-6 months
 Triple birth weight by 12 months
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Length gain
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Increase length by 50% by 12 months
ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS
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Requirements based on composition of breast milk
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Energy – highest needs of any life stage
Protein – highest needs of any life stage
Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS
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Key vitamins and minerals
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Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Iron
Fluoride
Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
THE START HEALTHY FEEDING GUIDELINES
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CHILDHOOD
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Energy and nutrient needs during childhood…
Energy and protein
 Vitamins and minerals

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
CHILDHOOD NUTRITION
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What influences childhood food habits?
Caregiver is responsible for what to eat
 Child is responsible for how much and when to eat.
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External factors
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NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS OF CHILDHOOD
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Malnutrition and hunger
Food security
 Federal assistance programs
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Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS CONTINUED
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Food and behavior
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Foods associated with hyperactivity
Childhood obesity
Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
ADOLESCENCE
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Physical growth and development
Growth spurts
 Changes in body composition
 Changes in emotional maturity
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NUTRIENT NEEDS FOR ADOLESCENTS

Energy and protein

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Highest total calories and protein grams per day
Vitamins and minerals
Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT FOOD INTAKE
Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010
OTHER NUTRITION-RELATED CONCERNS
Fitness and sports
 Acne
 Eating disorders
 Obesity

GROWING OLDER…
Age-related changes
 Mobility
 Immunity
 Taste and smell
 Gastrointestinal changes
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NUTRIENT-RELATED CONCERNS & AGING
Vitamins & Minerals
 Medications
 Other diseases

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Meal replacements
MACULAR DEGENERATION
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY