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Appendix S1
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Maps of yearly Mallard communities for 2004-2013 showing nodes’ consolidation factors.
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Figure S1: Yearly Mallard networks for (A-D) 2004-2007. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial consistency with Fig. 1 but do
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not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s consolidation factor. Filled circles indicate nodes with a statistically significant
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consolidation factor at the 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level. Grey indicates the communities with only one or two
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members.
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Figure S2: Yearly Mallard networks for (A-D) 2008-2011. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial consistency with Fig. 1 but do
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not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s consolidation factor. Filled circles indicate nodes with a statistically significant
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consolidation factor at the 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level. Grey indicates the communities with only one or two
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members.
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1
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Figure S3: Yearly Mallard networks for (A-B) 2012-2013. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial consistency with Fig. 1 but do
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not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s consolidation factor. Filled circles indicate nodes with a statistically significant
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consolidation factor at the 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level. Grey indicates the communities with only one or two
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members.
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1
Maps of weighted degree, participation, betweenness, and within-community degree z-
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score for MALL, NOPI, AGWT, and CAGO networks with movements aggregated over
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2004-2013.
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Figure S4: Spatial distribution of weighted degree for (A) Mallards, (B) Northern Pintails, (C)
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American Green-winged Teal, and (D) Canada Geese. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node and are the same as in Fig. 1. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s weighted degree.
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Figure S5: Spatial distribution of node participation for (A) Mallards, (B) Northern Pintails, (C)
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American Green-winged Teal, and (D) Canada Geese. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node and are the same as in Fig. 1. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s participation metric.
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Figure S6: Spatial distribution of node betweenness for (A) Mallards, (B) Northern Pintails, (C)
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American Green-winged Teal, and (D) Canada Geese. Colors represent the community
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membership of the node and are the same as in Fig. 1. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s betweenness.
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Figure S7: Spatial distribution of the within-community node degree z-score for (A) Mallards,
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(B) Northern Pintails, (C) American Green-winged Teal, and (D) Canada Geese. Colors
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represent the community membership of the node and are the same as in Fig. 1. The size of the
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node is scaled to the node’s within-community degree z-score.
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Comparisons of communities in movement networks for MALL, NOPI, AGWT, and
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CAGO with management units determined by Mallard breeding stocks.
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Figure S8: Comparison of management units determined by Mallard breeding stocks and
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biological flyways for (A) Mallards, (B) Northern Pintails, (C) American Green-winged Teal,
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and (D) Canada Geese. Colors represent the community membership of the node and are the
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same as in Fig. 1. The size of the node is scaled to the node’s consolidation factor. Filled circles
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indicate nodes with a statistically significant consolidation factor at the 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level. Gray,
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shaded areas of the U.S. represent from west to the east: the western, mid-continent, and eastern
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breeding stocks (USFWS 2013).
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Communities in alternate movement networks determined using ‘direct’ recoveries (i.e.,
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recoveries that occur 3-12 months after banding) for MALL, NOPI, AGWT, and CAGO.
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Figure S9: Spatial distribution of species networks for (A) Mallards, (B) Northern Pintails, (C)
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American Green-winged Teal, and (D) Canada Geese determined using “direct” recoveries (i.e.,
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recoveries that occur three to twelve months after banding). Colors represent the community
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membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial consistency with Fig. 1 but do
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not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The size of the node is scaled to the
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node’s consolidation factor. Filled circles indicate nodes with a statistically significant
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consolidation factor at the 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level. Grey indicates the communities with only one or two
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members.
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Maps of yearly Mallard communities for 2004-2013 showing nodes’ weighted degrees.
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Figure S10: Yearly node weighted degree in Mallard networks for (A-D) 2004-2007. Colors
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represent the community membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial
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consistency with Fig. 1 but do not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The
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size of the node is scaled to the node’s weighted degree. Grey indicates the communities with
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only one or two members.
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Figure S11: Yearly node weighted degree in Mallard networks for (A-D) 2008-2011. Colors
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represent the community membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial
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consistency with Fig. 1 but do not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The
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size of the node is scaled to the node’s weighted degree. Grey indicates the communities with
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only one or two members.
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Figure S12: Yearly node weighted degree in Mallard networks for (A-B) 2012-2013. Colors
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represent the community membership of the node. Note that colors were chosen for spatial
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consistency with Fig. 1 but do not necessarily reflect the same communities found therein. The
5
size of the node is scaled to the node’s weighted degree. Grey indicates the communities with
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only one or two members.
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Correlations between all node-level metrics (i.e., CF, weighted degree, betweenness, within-
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community degree z-score, and participation coefficient) for MALL, NOPI, AGWT, and
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CAGO networks with movements aggregated over 2004-2013.
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Table S1: Pearson’s correlation coefficients between all network metrics for Mallards.
CF
MALL
CF
Weighted Degree
1.00
Weighted
Within-comm.
Participation
Degree
Betweenness
degree z-score
coefficient
0.31
0.20
0.29
0.05
1.00
0.77
0.88
-0.04
1.00
0.76
-0.01
1.00
-0.05
Betweenness
Within-comm.
degree z-score
Participation
1.00
coefficient
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Table S2: Pearson’s correlation coefficients between network metrics for Northern Pintails.
CF
NOPI
CF
Weighted Degree
1.00
Weighted
Within-comm.
Participation
Degree
Betweenness
degree z-score
coefficient
0.47
0.39
0.66
0.20
1.00
0.78
0.86
0.14
1.00
0.77
0.06
1.00
0.09
Betweenness
Within-comm.
degree z-score
Participation
1.00
coefficient
2
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Table S1: Pearson’s correlation coefficients between all network metrics for American Green-
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winged Teal.
CF
AGWT
CF
Weighted Degree
1.00
Weighted
Within-comm.
Participation
Degree
Betweenness
degree z-score
coefficient
0.33
0.12
0.40
0.28
1.00
0.40
0.87
0.02
1.00
0.43
0.01
1.00
0.04
Betweenness
Within-comm.
degree z-score
Participation
1.00
coefficient
3
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Table S2: Pearson’s correlation coefficients between all network metrics for Canada Geese.
CF
CAGO
CF
Weighted Degree
1.00
Weighted
Within-comm.
Participation
Degree
Betweenness
degree z-score
coefficient
0.44
0.39
0.47
-0.07
1.00
0.73
0.82
-0.05
1.00
0.78
-0.13
1.00
-0.20
Betweenness
Within-comm.
degree z-score
Participation
1.00
coefficient
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3
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