• Tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
C preprocessor Phases
1
Tokenization: The preprocessor breaks the
result into preprocessing tokens and
whitespace. It replaces comments with
whitespace.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Enterprise search Content processing and analysis
As part of processing and analysis,
tokenization is applied to split the content
into tokens which is the basic matching
unit. It is also common to normalize tokens
to lower case to provide case-insensitive
search, as well as to normalize accents to
provide better recall.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Lexical analysis - Token
A token is a string of one or more
characters that is significant as a group.
The process of forming tokens from an
input stream of characters is called
tokenization.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Lexical analysis - Tokenization
1
Tokenization is the process of demarcating
and possibly classifying sections of a
string of input characters. The resulting
tokens are then passed on to some other
form of processing. The process can be
considered a sub-task of parsing input.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
PerspecSys - Technology
The AppProtex Cloud Data Control
Gateway secures data in software as a
service and platform as a service provider
applications through the use of encryption
or tokenization. Gartner, a marketing
research firm, refers to this type of
technology as a cloud encryption gateway,
and categorizes providers of this
technology cloud access security brokers.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
PerspecSys - Technology
Within the Gateway organizations may define
encryption, and tokenization options at the field-level
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
PerspecSys - Standards
1
Its tokenization option was evaluated
by Coalfire, a PCI DSS Qualified
Security Assessor (QSA) and a
FedRamp 3PAO, to ensure that it
adheres to industry guidelines
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Identity resolution - Data preprocessing
1
Standardization can be accomplished
through simple rule-based data
transformations or more complex
procedures such as lexicon-based
tokenization and probabilistic hidden
Markov models
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Lexing - Token
A 'token' is a string of one or more
characters that is significant as a group.
The process of forming tokens from an
input stream of characters is called
'tokenization'.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Syntax (programming languages) - Levels of syntax
This modularity is sometimes
possible, but in many real-world
languages an earlier step depends on
a later step – for example, the lexer
hack in C is because tokenization
depends on context
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (disambiguation)
* Tokenization in language
processing (both natural and
computer)
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization
1
'Tokenization' is the process of breaking a
stream of text up into words, phrases,
symbols, or other meaningful elements
called tokens. The list of tokens becomes
input for further processing such as
parsing or text mining. Tokenization is
useful both in linguistics (where it is a form
of text segmentation), and in computer
science, where it forms part of lexical
analysis.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization - Methods and obstacles
1
Typically, tokenization occurs at the
word level. However, it is sometimes
difficult to define what is meant by a
word. Often a tokenizer relies on
simple heuristics, for example:
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization - Methods and obstacles
1
Tokenization is particularly difficult for
languages written in scriptio continua
which exhibit no word boundaries such
as Ancient Greek, Chinese
language|Chinese,Huang, C., Simon, P.,
Hsieh, S., Prevot, L.
(2007)[http://www.aclweb.org/anthology
/P/P07/P07-2018.pdf Rethinking
Chinese Word Segmentation:
Tokenization, Character Classification,
or Word break Identification] or Thai
language|Thai.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization - Services
*[http://tokenex.com TokenEx] Costeffective tokenization solution on the
market for one-time, recurring and archival
transaction data.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (data security)
Tokenization can be used to safeguard
sensitive data involving, for example, bank
accounts, financial statements, medical
records, criminal records, driver's licenses,
loan applications, stock trade (financial
instrument)|trades, voter registrations, and
other types of personally identifiable
information
(PII).[http://www.shift4.com/dotn/4tify/trueT
okenization.cfm What is Tokenization?]
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (data security)
1
In payment card industry (PCI) context,
tokens are used to reference
cardholder data that is stored in a
separate database, application or offsite secure
facility.”.[http://www.shift4.com/pr_2008
0917_tokenizationindepth.cfm Shift4
Corporation Releases Tokenization in
Depth White Paper]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (data security)
1
Building an alternate payments ecosystem
requires a number of entities working
together in order to deliver Near field
communication|NFC or other tech based
payment services to the end users. One of
the issues is the interoperability between the
players and to resolve this issue the role of
trusted service manager (TSM) is proposed
to establish a technical link between MNOs
and providers of services, so that these
entities can work together. Tokenization helps
you to do that.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (data security)
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, an
industry-wide standard that must be met by any organization
that stores, processes, or transmits cardholder data,
mandates that Creditcard data must be protected when
stored.[https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/security_standar
ds/pci_dss.shtml The Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard] Tokenization, as applied to payment card data, is
often implemented to meet this mandate, replacing Creditcard
numbers in some systems with a random
value.[http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/expert/Knowledge
baseAnswer/0,289625,sid14_gci1275256,00.html Can
Tokenization of Creditcard Numbers Satisfy PCI
Requirements?] Tokens can be formatted in a variety of ways
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokenization (data security)
1
Tokenization makes it more difficult for
hackers to gain access to cardholder
data outside of the token storage system.
Implementation of tokenization could
simplify the requirements of the
Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard|PCI DSS, as systems that no
longer store or process sensitive data are
removed from the scope of the PCI
audit.[http://www.etronixlabs.com/toke
nization/ “Securing Data: What
Tokenization Does”]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Credit card fraud - Countermeasures
1
* Tokenization (data security) – not storing the
full number in computer systems
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Speech synthesis
1
This process is often called text normalization,
pre-processing, or tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Informix - Key Products
There is also an advanced data
warehouse edition of Informix. This
version includes the Informix Warehouse
Accelerator which uses a combination of
newer technologies including in-memory
data, tokenization, deep compression, and
columnar database technology to provide
extreme high performance on business
intelligence and data warehouse style
queries.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Yacc
Yacc produces only a parser (phrase
analyzer); for full syntactic analysis this
requires an external lexical analyzer to
perform the first tokenization stage (word
analysis), which is then followed by the
parsing stage proper. Lexical analyzer
generators, such as Lex programming
tool|Lex or Flex lexical analyser|Flex are
widely available. The IEEE POSIX
P1003.2 standard defines the functionality
and requirements for both Lex and Yacc.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Credit card number - Security
* Tokenization (data
security)|Tokenization – in which an
artificial account number (token) is
printed, stored or transmitted in place
of the true account number.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
OpenNLP
It supports the most common NLP
tasks, such as tokenization, Sentence
boundary disambiguation|sentence
segmentation, part-of-speech tagging,
Named entity recognition|named entity
extraction, Shallow parsing|chunking,
Syntactic parsing|parsing, and
coreference|coreference resolution
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Document parsing
1
The terms 'indexing', 'parsing', and 'tokenization' are
used interchangeably in corporate slang.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Document parsing
1
Natural language processing, as of 2006,
is the subject of continuous research and
technological improvement. Tokenization
presents many challenges in extracting the
necessary information from documents for
indexing to support quality searching.
Tokenization for indexing involves multiple
technologies, the implementation of which
are commonly kept as corporate secrets.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Challenges in natural language processing
1
The goal during tokenization is to identify words for
which users will search
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Tokenization
During tokenization, the parser
identifies sequences of characters
which represent words and other
elements, such as punctuation, which
are represented by numeric codes,
some of which are non-printing control
characters
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Language recognition
If the search engine supports multiple
languages, a common initial step during
tokenization is to identify each document's
language; many of the subsequent steps
are language dependent (such as
stemming and part of speech tagging)
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Format analysis
1
If the search engine supports multiple File
format|document formats, documents
must be prepared for tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Section recognition
1
Some search engines incorporate section
recognition, the identification of major
parts of a document, prior to tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Index (search engine) - Meta tag indexing
1
The design of the HTML markup language
initially included support for meta tags for
the very purpose of being properly and
easily indexed, without requiring
tokenization.Berners-Lee, T., Hypertext
Markup Language - 2.0, RFC 1866,
Network Working Group, November 1995.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Applesoft BASIC - Speed issues, features
1
Furthermore, because the language used
tokenization, a programmer had to avoid
using any consecutive letters that were
also Applesoft commands or operations
(one could not use the name SCORE for a
variable because it would interpret the OR
as a Boolean operator, thus rendering it
SC OR E, nor could one use
BACKGROUND because the command GR
invoked the low-resolution graphics
mode, in this case creating a syntax
error).
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Identifier - In computer languages
1
However, a common restriction is not to
permit whitespace characters and
language operators; this simplifies
tokenization by making it Free-form
language|free-form and context-free
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Identifier - In computer languages
This overlap can be handled in
various ways: these may be forbidden
from being identifiers – which
simplifies tokenization and parsing –
in which case they are reserved
words; they may both be allowed but
distinguished in other ways, such as
via stropping; or keyword sequences
may be allowed as identifiers and
which sense is determined from
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Tokens - Computing
1
** Tokenization (data security), the process of
substituting a sensitive data element
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
IVONA - Inside IVONA
1
This process is often called text normalization,
pre-processing, or tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Identifier (computer science) - In computer languages
1
However, a common restriction is not
to permit whitespace characters and
language operators; this simplifies
tokenization by making it Free-form
language|free-form and context-free
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Underscore - Multi-word identifiers
However, spaces are not typically
permitted inside identifiers, as they are
treated as delimiters between
tokenization|tokens
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
W-shingling
1
The document, a rose is a rose is a rose can be
tokenization|tokenized as follows:
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Slot machines - Description
1
Recently, some casinos have chosen to
take advantage of a concept commonly
known as tokenization, where one token
buys more than one credit
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
VTD-XML - Non-Extractive, Document-Centric Parsing
Traditionally, a lexical analysis|lexical
analyzer represents tokens (the small
units of indivisible character values) as
discrete string objects. This approach is
designated extractive parsing. In contrast,
non-extractive tokenization mandates that
one keeps the source text intact, and
uses offsets and lengths to describe those
tokens.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
CipherCloud
1
Hickey, CipherCloud Uses Encryption,
Tokenization to Bolster Cloud Security,
CRN, February 14, 2011]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
CipherCloud - Platform
1
Snooping, The Washington Times, August
18, 2013] The company uses Tokenization
(data security)|tokenization, which is the
process of substituting a sensitive data
element with a non-sensitive equivalent
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Parsing expression grammar - Advantages
Parsers for languages expressed as a
CFG, such as LR parsers, require a
separate tokenization step to be done
first, which breaks up the input based on
the location of spaces, punctuation, etc.
The tokenization is necessary because of
the way these parsers use lookahead to
parse CFGs that meet certain
requirements in linear time. PEGs do not
require tokenization to be a separate
step, and tokenization rules can be
written in the same way as any other
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
ProPay
1
'ProPay, Inc' is an American financial services
company headquartered in Lehi, UT. The
company provides payment solutions that
include Merchant account provider|merchant
accounts, payment processing, ACH
services, pre-paid cards and other paymentrelated products. ProPay also provides endto-end encryption and tokenization services.
In December, 2012, ProPay was acquired by
Total System Services, Inc. (TSYS) a publicly
traded company, TSS (NYSE).
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
ProPay - History
In 2009, ProPay was among a handful of
companies that began to offer an end-to-end
encryption and tokenization service.ProPay
Unlocks ProtectPay Encrypted Credit Card
Processing, TMC.net 02/20/2009 At that time,
ProPay also introduced the MicroSecure Card
Reader®, allowing small merchants to
securely accept card present
transactions.Pocket Credit Card Reader
Takes Transactions on the Go, PC World
01/07/2009 In 2010, ProPay received the
Independent Sales Organization of Year
award from the Electronic Transaction
Association.ProPay Receives 2010 Electronic
Transaction Association
ISO of the Year
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Award, Silicone Slopes 04/20/2010
1
Casio fx-7000G - Programming
Tokenization is performed by using
characters and symbols in place of long
lines of code to minimize the amount of
memory being used
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
Cuban art
1
A movement that mirrored this artistic
piece was underway in which the
shape of Cuba became a token in the
artwork in a phase known as
tokenization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-tokenization-toolkit.html
For More Information, Visit:
• https://store.theartofservice.co
m/the-tokenizationtoolkit.html
The Art of Service
https://store.theartofservice.com